Chronic acetylcholinesterase inhibition reduces the effects of physical training on ventricular contractility and coronary bed reactivity in hypertensive rats

Abstract

Systemic arterial hypertension is accompanied by autonomic impairments that, if not contained, promotes cardiac functional and morphological damages. Pyridostigmine bromide (PYR) treatment results in positive effects on autonomic control and beneficial cardiac remodeling. These findings were also observed after aerobic physical training (APT). However, little is known about PYR effects on left ventricular contractility, mainly when it is combined with APT. We aimed to investigate the effects of chronic acetylcholinesterase inhibition on cardiac autonomic tone balance, coronary bed reactivity, and left ventricular contractility in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) submitted to APT. Male SHR (18 weeks) were divided into two groups (N = 16): untrained and submitted to APT for 14 weeks (18th to 32nd week). Half of each group was treated with PYR (15 mg/kg/day) for two weeks (31st to 32nd week). The experimental protocol consisted of recording hemodynamic parameters, double autonomic blockade with atropine and propranolol, and assessment of coronary bed reactivity and ventricular contractility in isolated hearts using the Langendorff technique. PYR and APT reduced blood pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic influence on the heart. The Langendorff technique showed that APT increased coronary perfusion pressure and left ventricle contractility in response to coronary flow and β-agonist administration. However, treatment with PYR annulled the effects of APT. In conclusion, although chronic treatment with PYR reduces cardiac sympathetic tonic influence, it does not favor coronary bed reactivity and cardiac contractility gains. PYR treatment in the trained SHR group nullified the coronary vascular reactivity and cardiac contractility gains.