Physical Shape Research Articles

The role of knowledge maps in sub-national climate change policymaking and governance

ABSTRACT Generating and disseminating specific climate change knowledge is critical for sub-national policymakers. It allows them to address regional particularities, balance mitigation and adaptation policies, and deliver transparent governance. In this paper, we show how knowledge maps can be used in this endeavour. We examined a case study in Galicia, a region in Spain with a recently approved climate change strategy, where physical, geographic and socio-economic features shape region-specific scientific knowledge. The practical methodology used in this study can be generalized to aid other sub-national governments in adapting their local actions to the general policy frameworks designed by national and international initiatives. Therefore, our work illustrates how sub-national policymakers and researchers can collaborate to identify and prioritize key knowledge areas to face the regional challenges posed by climate change. Furthermore, our work can uncover imbalances in the body of knowledge on mitigation and adaptation that could lead to biases in policymaking. Finally, we show how a knowledge map can guide policymakers in allocating public resources to support research in a meaningful and impactful way, depending on the demand for the research and the challenges stemming from climate change. Key policy insights Sub-national policymakers often lack the availability of specific and useful knowledge on climate change and its consequences. A widely accepted climate change knowledge framework is necessary because knowledge structure in scientific circles differs greatly from its conception in the political arena. The quality of sub-national governance influences the collaboration between policymakers and researchers and the efficiency of the knowledge system in targeting climate change challenges specifically linked to the region at stake. A knowledge mapping process, such as the one elaborated here can usefully engage decision-makers, researchers, and other stakeholders to advance evidence-based policies.

The Significance of Traditional Urban Public Spaces in Sustaining Place Identity in the Urban Landscape of Kerala

ABSTRACT Many studies have found that a loss of place identity in urban landscapes causes a slew of social, cultural, and psychological problems. The significance of traditional urban public spaces in sustaining place identity in a cultural landscape is discussed in this paper, which employs a statistical model tailored to Kerala, specifically Calicut, and is applicable via questionnaire research. The study begins with a look at the historical context and current trends in Calicut, the state's first port town and second-most populous city. The primary goal of this study is to clarify the relationship between people and their physical environment while considering the concept of place-identity and how urban public spaces, with their unique characteristics and features, contribute to physical setting cognitions and shape place identity with a focus on Calicut. The results were obtained through field surveys. The survey had 424 participants selected using a random sampling strategy. Users are observed to have a diverse set of social and cultural traits. This study, however, only considers users who have a consistent engagement with the location including shop owners, residents, etc. The theory of urban spatial designs that play an important role in enhancing identity, specifically the factors influencing place-identity in traditional urban public spaces based on Place Identity social cohesion, and, Place Dependence will be examined in this study.

Kansei evaluation on shape design and color of PET bottle

In this study, we propose an evaluation method based on Kansei Engineering to clarify the main factors that affect the impression of the shape and label design of PET bottles. Focusing only on PET bottles of natural water, we classified them by clustering method using physical shape and label design features, evaluated them by Kansei engineering method, determined design parameters by Preference Set-Based Design (PSD) analysis, and clarified the main factors of impression. First, PET bottle samples were prepared, and cluster analysis was conducted to classify them into representative categories. These samples were subjected to online and offline sensory evaluation by various subjects, and the impressions of the PET bottles were clarified from the sensory evaluation. In order to eliminate the bias of the subjects, cluster analysis is conducted to classify them into representative categories with similar preferences for PET bottles. Finally, PSD analysis is conducted to identify the main factors that influence the impression of the bottle shape and label design.

Reconstructing the Understanding of the Symbolic Meaning Behind the Architecture of Javanese Traditional House

The architecture of traditional Javanese houses is full of symbolic meaning because they function as embodiments of the vertical (sacred), internal (private) and horizontal (social) relationships that are expressed in the activities, places, spaces and shapes as well as the meaning behind them. The current understanding of traditional architecture focuses on mere physical formation. The architecture of traditional Javanese houses is currently experiencing development both in terms of activities carried out in them as well as their physical shapes. These changes are caused by the added non-household activities, a shift of views on the part of the house owners and residents which results in the development of symbolic meaning. Understanding of the symbolic meaning behind the architecture of traditional Javanese houses—which separately examines the five aspects above— requires a deconstruction so that one may gain a thorough grasp of new understanding. The methods used are: (1) subjective observation on the activities and furniture arrangements in every room, the placements for the new activities and rooms for movement based on compositional principles. (2) Juxtaposing the structures of symbolical meaning between cosmological architecture of traditional houses with the current architecture of Javanese traditional homes to learn the development of symbolical meaning. (3) Conducting in-depth interviews to learn symbolical meanings according to the residents' views. These interviews are also done to clarify the subjective research done by the researcher. The objective of this research is to obtain a research method that is able to express a deep, holistic understanding of symbolical meaning. The significance of this research is to pose as a stakeholder in formulating policies in relation to the continuity and enrichment of the architecture of traditional houses.

Mitochondria from the Outside in: The Relationship Between Inter-Organelle Crosstalk and Mitochondrial Internal Organization.

A fundamental role of membrane-bound organelles is the compartmentalization and organization of cellular processes. Mitochondria perform an immense number of metabolic chemical reactions and to efficiently regulate these, the organelle organizes its inner membrane into distinct morphological domains, including its characteristic cristae membranes. In recent years, a structural feature of increasing apparent importance is the inter-connection between the mitochondrial exterior and other organelles at membrane contact sites (MCSs). Mitochondria form MCSs with almost every other organelle in the cell, including the endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, and lysosomes, to coordinate global cellular metabolism with mitochondrial metabolism. However, these MCSs not only facilitate the transport of metabolites between organelles, but also directly impinge on the physical shape and functional organization inside mitochondria. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of how physical connections between other organelles and mitochondria both directly and indirectly influence the internal architecture of mitochondria.

Effects of high-intensity interval exercise on obesity

With the increasing improvement of people's living standards, obesity has become a chronic disease all over the world, which can make people's physical shape and various physical indicators abnormal, resulting in a variety of complications, posing a threat to people's lives. Osteoporosis (OP) is one of the complications caused by Osteoporosis, which is mainly characterized by decreased bone density and easy to fracture. Obese people with OP have a higher probability of fracture than normal people. Once fracture occurs, they will lose their ability to exercise and may even threaten their lives. Exercise is one of the measures against obesity. High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has been widely used in the field of weight loss, and the right amount of exercise can prevent OP. In this paper, a large number of literature was reviewed to find out the possible mechanism of HIIT in preventing and treating OP in obese people, so as to reduce the probability of obesity and obese people suffering from OP.

Towards a Mathematical Definition of Skin Model for Geometrical Product Specification and Verification and its Physical Interpretation

The concept of skin model is a foundation stone for ISO standards in Geometrical Product Specifications and Verification. At the conceptual level, it provides an abstraction of the physical part denoting the boundary which separates the part's physical shape from its environment. It conveys the designer's perception of potential defects and deviations from a nominal geometry, which can only be hypothesized. Considered as a surface on the boundary of a solid model of non-ideal geometry, which can only be imagined, the ‘skin’ can take an unrestricted variety of forms and representations at different scales. Despite its conceptual relevance, only a few research efforts have been devoted to a formal characterization of the skin model based on a sound mathematical definition supporting an appropriate and relevant physical interpretation. The work presented in this paper proposes new scientific foundations of the skin model based on the structure of solids as a compact packing of spheres characterized by Van der Waals radii. This physics-based description is extended and supported by mathematical models based on regular sets and morphological operations, which provide a set of conditions and properties that enable a physical interpretation in the context of mechanical parts and their measurements.

Research on Ethnic Traditional Sports Integration and School Physical Education Teaching

The change of the concept of physical education in today's world gives the physical education curriculum more flexibility, and it has more autonomy and construction space in selecting teaching content, organizing teaching process and teaching evaluation. Physical education curriculum is a process of acquiring sports skills, cultivating sports intelligence, developing physical quality and shaping a complete personality. Based on this, it is of far-reaching significance for ethnic traditional physical education to be integrated into school physical education curriculum.

Simulation of microplastic particles propagation in the coastal zone of the reservoir due to wave motion

The transport of suspended microplastic particles in an aqueous medium is closely related to hydrodynamic circulation. The transfer of microplastics to and from the surf zone is largely determined by the properties of the particles, which may differ significantly in terms of chemical and physical characteristics, size, shape, degradation stage and color. Microplastic particle capture and transfer models are largely determined by phenomena such as sea storms and prevailing currents. There are several mechanisms of horizontal and vertical movement of suspended microplastic particles associated with their concentration. Depending on the prevailing wave climate and the coastal currents caused by the destruction of waves and caused by waves, precipitation is captured, transported and redistributed along and across the coastline, which often leads to erosion or seasonal bathymetric changes. In the article, a model describing the change in the concentration of suspended microplastic particles is considered, discretization is carried out, and the results of numerical experiments in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cases are obtained. The deposition and erosion of microplastics with an average grain size of 0.3 mm were compared. Data demonstrating the amount of erosion and deposition in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cases were obtained. The results of both the analytical model and numerical simulation demonstrate that waves can affect the distribution of floating particles near a free surface. The results of numerical simulation are largely consistent with the theory.

How to manage vehicle platform variants? A method to assess platform variance through competitive analysis.

Platform and modular strategies are widely used in the automotive industry to realize extensive product portfolios efficiently and cost-effectively. The objective is to provide large external product variance with minimal internal variance. In this context, a conflict arises between the desired economic synergy and sufficient product differentiation for customers. For this reason, systematic platform and modular variant management constitute a key factor of success for automotive manufacturers. However, the technical design of platforms and module kits is carried out according to the respective product program, so that many differently structured platforms and module kits exist. These differ in terms of variable platform components and the use of individual modules that influence the physical shape of the platform. The specific designs result in different degrees of complexity and variation potential, which have a decisive influence on the cost structure of individual automotive manufacturer. In order to remain competitive as well as to derive suitable strategic measures, the competitive analysis of platform and module variance is essential for automotive manufacturer. The increase of complexities intensifies especially the need to evaluate and to compare platform and module within the transformation from Internal-Combustion-Engine to Battery-Electric-Vehicles.Against this background, in this paper, a method is presented that focuses on the assessment of platform variance through KPIs as a basis for a systematic comparison with competitors. Therefore, the need for research combining platform variance and competitive analysis is initially presented. Based on that, a method for an assessment of variation potentials on the level of platform variants is proposed, which enables a systematic and applicable competitive analysis of platform variance in automotive industry. In this way, strategic recommendations can be made regarding variant reduction and the product development process can be supported from a variant perspective.

An ASIC Architecture With Inter-Chip Networking for Individual Control of Adaptive-Metamaterial Cells

In this paper, the architecture of an application-specific integrated circuit for adaptive metasurfaces is presented. The architecture allows scalable networking over large metasurfaces and reconfiguration of each unit-cell with unique complex impedance settings, for adjusting metasurface electromagnetic performance. The one-chip-design metasurface array, includes self-initialization/addressing, configuration-packet routing, and network adaptation for fault-tolerant dynamic metasurfaces. An asynchronous design is adopted for power efficiency and high scalability, whereas speed is enhanced through multilevel pipelining. The ability to dynamically form reconfigurable networks in conjunction with the clockless operation helps the metasurface to cover arbitrary physical shapes, implemented on both rigid or flexible substrates. The architecture is validated through transistor-level simulations of the complete design implemented in a commercially available process. Then, a variety of scalable and/or flexible networks are presented, exploiting the strengths offered by the architecture, to demonstrate its capabilities and estimated performance. The demonstrated results of the architecture and its networking capabilities, allow the realization of chip-to-chip programmability of metasurfaces with up to 2¹⁸ ASICs. The individual ASICs can be reconfigured in 2 μs and consume only 342 μW of static power.

Corroded Subsea Pipelines Burst Pressure Prediction Utilizing Finite Element Data Using ANN

The Engineering industry is constantly exploring an effective and fast-solving method for complicated engineering problems. The adaptation of artificial intelligent technology can diminish the time-consuming of conventional analysis methods, especially in offshore engineering. For that reason, this study is pursued to build a prediction model to predict the residual strength of API 5L X42 subsea pipelines. An artificial neural network is used as an analytical medium in developing the prediction model. Three (3) physical shapes of corrosion data with diverse corrosion level are designed as input data based on the corroded subsea pipelines of true 2009 historical inspection data of South China Sea. The output data are obtained from the finite element analysis to produce the burst pressure data. The performance model is evaluated using mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) which results in 9.13 x 10-5 and 0.005499 respectively for the optimum model. The predicted output shows significant similarity in line with the finite element output for validation purposes. This model is expected to provide quick prediction reliability of subsea pipelines to the engineers and reduce or eliminate massive analysis work.

Preparation of an Intelligent pH Film Based on Biodegradable Polymers for Monitoring the Food Quality and Reducing the Microbial Contaminants.

Hydrogel refers to a three-dimensional cross-linked polymeric network made of synthetic or natural polymers that can hold water in its porous structure. The inclusion of hydrophilic groups in the polymer chains, such as amino, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups, contributes to the hydrogel's water-holding ability. At physiological temperature and pH, these polymeric materials do not dissolve in water, but they do swell significantly in aqueous media. Hydrogel can be manufactured out of almost any water-soluble polymer, and it comes in a variety of chemical compositions and bulk physical properties. Hydrogel can also be made in a variety of ways. Hydrogel comes in a variety of physical shapes, including slabs, microparticles, nanoparticles, coatings, and films. Due to its ease of manufacture and self-application in clinical and fundamental applications, hydrogel has been widely exploited as a drug carrier. Contact lenses, artificial corneas, wound dressing, suture coating, catheters, and electrode sensors are some of the biomedical applications of hydrogels. The pigment color changes were observed from colorless to pale pink followed by dark reddish-pink. Anthocyanin was produced in large quantities and tested using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. At 450–550 nm, the largest peak (absorbance) was detected, indicating the presence of anthocyanin. The FTIR analysis of this study shows the different stretches of bonds at different peaks: 2918.309 (-C-H alkane stretch), 2812.12 (-C-H aldehyde weak intensity), 192320.37/cm (C-O bend), 21915.50, 2029.08/cm (-C=C arene group), 1906.94/cm (=C-H aromatics), 1797.78/cm (=C-H), 1707.94 (-C=O ketene), 1579.70, 1382.96 (C-H alkane strong bend), 889.18/cm (C-H aromatics plane bend), and 412.77/cm (-C-CI strong bond). The spectra of the PVA/chitosan film depict the peak's formation: 1571.88, 1529.55, 1500.62/cm (C-H alkene strong bend), 1492.90, 1483.26, 1467.83/cm (C-H alkene strong bond), 670.48, 443.63, 412.77/cm (-O-H carboxylic acids with great intensity), 1708.93 (-C=O ketone), and 1656.0/cm (alkenyl C=C stretch strong bond).

Physical and anthropogenic drivers shaping the spatial distribution of microplastics in the marine sediments of Chilean fjords

Several studies have focused on the presence and distribution of microplastics within the water column of coastal waters, but the dynamics of these particles in sediments have received little attention. Here we examine the concentrations and characteristics of microplastics in sediment samples collected from 35 stations within the Inner Sea of Chiloé, Chilean Patagonia. Current velocity, grain size, intensity of salmon farming activities, and human population density were all evaluated as factors potentially explaining concentrations and distribution of microplastic particles within these sediments. Microplastics were detected in all samples, with the highest abundance represented by fibers (88%), fragments (10%) and films (2%). Across the sampled sites, microplastic concentrations averaged 72.2 ± 32.4 (SD) items per kg dw (dry weight) sediment, with the principal polymers identified as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), acrylic, polypropylene (PP) and polyurethane (PUR). Approximately 40% of the variability in distribution and abundance of microplastics was explained by current velocity combined with proximity and intensity of local salmon production activities. SynopsisMarine currents and aquaculture intensity explain abundance and dynamics of microplastics in marine sediments.

Turbulent transient boundary layer over a flat plate

A numerical study of unsteady turbulent fluid flow over ERCOFTAC flat-plate T3A is represented. Four uniform flow rates are applied to an initially fully turbulent steady flow. The γ-SST turbulence model is adopted to determine the boundary layer development, analysis of turbulence structures, and the wall functions response in the presence of external acceleration. It is observed that imposing higher momentum rates affect the boundary layer thickness. Furthermore, enforced flow rate can change the shape of eddies and make them more stretched. Phase delay in turbulence propagation under this condition is the same as in previous studies. However, the quality and quantity of turbulence phase delay in two streamwise and wall-normal directions are investigated and compared with available experimental and numerical solutions. It is perceived that the amount of delay for each distinct acceleration, alongside the plate and at a specific distance from the wall, is almost the same. Whereas, in the normal direction, the delay is variable and emanates from the physical eddies shape. Moreover, in boundary layer, the outer region affeccted more severely than the near-wall region.

Influence of Healthy Physical Fitness on the Teaching of Aerobics Course Based on Big Data Mining Technology.

Healthy physical fitness is one of the hot topics discussed by scholars at home and abroad in recent years, and it is a key indicator for evaluating students' physical function and body shape. Aerobics, also known as bodybuilding, means that the body and health of students should have a better promotion effect, but in reality, many students found that after elective aerobics, body shape and health level basically did not improve, which is related to the setting of aerobics courses, especially the lack of physical training. Aerobics and other sports have common requirements in physical training, such as strength quality, speed quality, endurance quality, agility quality, and flexibility quality. This article is aimed at studying the impact of healthy physical fitness based on big data mining technology on the teaching of aerobics. On the basis of analyzing the process of data mining, the composition of healthy physical fitness, and the role of aerobics, it is used to test students in a certain university through experimental methods and statistical methods. Carry out aerobics teaching experiment, and compare and analyze the data measured by the experimental samples. The experimental results show that the use of healthy physical fitness in aerobics teaching can effectively promote the learning and improvement of aerobics skills.

Weighing and prioritization of individual factors affecting the performance of industries firefighters

The proper functioning of emergency response team members is crucial for the success of any emergency response operation. The present study was designed to weigh and prioritize the personal factors that shape the performance of industrial firefighters. Accordingly, the published articles in scientific databases were searched. Initially, 262 articles were identified. After excluding the duplicate articles, 44 eligible articles from 2000 to 2021 were selected. The identified factors were categorized into three cognitive, physical, and psychological factors. In the next step, the opinions of 10 experts were used to prioritize the most relevant factors (criteria and sub-criteria) shaping the performance. Then, the criteria and sub-criteria were compared by DEMATEL technique to remove the factors of lower importance, and finally were weighted and prioritized by the ANP technique. Situation awareness, risk perception, and attention were identified as the most important cognitive factors. The most important physical shaping factors were fatigue/pain, chronic health disorders, and musculoskeletal disorders. Conscientiousness, job stress, and resilience were the most important psychological shaping factors. It is necessary to evaluate the firefighters' performance. Due to the influential role of situation awareness, fatigue/pain, and conscientiousness on firefighters' performance, these critical factors should be reinforced to promote the firefighters' performance.

Specific Adaptations to the Performance Judoka

The strong link between physiological adaptations of Romanian judo athletes who are preparing for high performance and the technical skills of the athletes, is often difficult to determine and assess. Judo is a sport in which strategy and technique are dominant in obtaining performance, while the physiological characteristics and their parameters form the basis on which the judoka athlete builds his technical performance and individual tactics. The research subjects are components of judo Olympic teams from Romania, male and female. Methods of assessing anaerobic and aerobic exercise capacity are used. The research results on the effects of adaptive anaerobic efforts capacity allow emphasizing the ability on short, intensive, but with maximum expression of muscle strength, for this type of sport. The papers conclusions demonstrate the importance of adaptive effects that occur in the athletes who were investigated, regarding the efforts of anaerobic and aerobic effort capacity as an effect of intense training, specific for competitive strain, during a judo match, especially during overtime training in those cases where the final decision was not taken in regular time - five minutes. Top Romanian judoka athletes, are characterized by high values of muscular strength and power, especially in the superior parts of the body (Nurkić et al., 2009). Ideally, the judoka athletes should maintain an optimal ratio between physical preparation and technique, through an optimal combination of technical and physical shape. Maintaining the optimal ratio between the trainings components and the physical preparation, ensures the most effective outcomes for obtaining high performance.

Влияние комплекса ГТО на мотивацию занятий спортом у молодёжи

The article considers the relevance of the introduction of the complex “Ready for Labour and Defence” (abbreviated as GTO in the Russian Federation, analyses how it encourages young people to practice sports. A comparative characteristic of the GTO standards that were in force in the USSR and of those that are in use in modern Russia is carried out. The correlation between the results of passing the standards for physical training and the GTO complex by cadets of education organizations of higher learning of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation is revealed. The importance and significance of the introduction of the above-mentioned complex is proved. A comparison of the attitude of cadets of higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and students of technical universities was made, which led to the conclusion that it is necessary to increase interest in passing the GTO complex not only among athletes and cadets of law enforcement institutions, but also among the youth of the country as a whole.
 Based on the results of a survey of one hundred and fifty people aged from 17 to 23 years, a study was conducted to reveal the affect of passing the GTO standards on young people’s desire to practice sports. The results of the survey presented in the diagram allow us to draw a conclusion that the «GTO» complex encourages young people to sport.
 The survey also revealed a number of current problems related to the inability to train and pass certain types of additional standards, as well as ways to solve them.
 The study was conducted to examine the opinion of young people about the GTO complex, as well as to determine the relevance and need to popularize this complex among the younger generation. The importance of keeping a healthy lifestyle and maintaining good physical shape through sports training is highlighted.

Neighborhood Environment, Intrinsic Capacity and 4-Year Late-Life Functional Ability Trajectories

Knowledge on how intrinsic capacity (IC) and neighbourhood physical environment shape functional ability (FA) trajectories in later life remains understudied. We investigated the 4-year trajectories of IC and their impact on FA trajectories, and the associations between neighbourhood physical environments and FA trajectories over time among older adults. We conducted a four-wave longitudinal study from 2014-2017 in Hong Kong with 2,081 adults aged 65 and above. FA was assessed by The Chinese Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. We used cognition, affect, locomotion, sensory capacity, and vitality to capture multi-domains of IC. Neighbourhood physical environment attributes included green space, land use diversity, and facilities availability, assessed within 200- and 500-meter buffers of respondents' homes. IC and FA each decreased significantly over time. Individuals with declines in IC experienced faster declines in FA over time. Green space, the number of leisure facilities and public transport slowed the decreasing FA rate.