Physical Self-confidence Research Articles

The influence of physical fitness on self-confidence and its impact on physical education academic achievement. A study on grade V school students

Background and Study Aim. Much of the crisis in the current education system is caused by students’ low physical fitness and self-confidence. This study aims to determine the effect of physical fitness on self-confidence and its impact on the academic achievement of Physical Education of Grade V Primary School students. Materials and Methods. This research is correlational. The subjects were Class V students in elementary schools, with a sample size of 115 students (66 males, 49 females, ages 10-12) selected through random sampling. Academic achievement was measured through Physical Education report card scores, physical fitness through the Indonesian Student Fitness Test (TKSI), and physical self-confidence through a self-confidence scale. Data analysis was performed using regression techniques via SPSS 21. Results. Physical fitness positively affected self-confidence (r = 0.259, p = 0.005 < 0.05) and Physical Education academic achievement (r = 0.513, p = 0.000 < 0.05). Self-confidence also significantly impacted Physical Education academic achievement (r = 0.519, p = 0.000 < 0.05). Conclusion. Better physical fitness enhances students’ self-confidence and positively influences their academic performance in Physical Education.

IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF NICOTINE DEPENDENCE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

Purpose. Increasing the importance and effectiveness of nicotine addiction treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus.Materials and methods. A study of nicotine addiction in patients with type II diabetes mellitus was carried out on the basis of the Department of Endocrinology of the Samara State Medical University Clinics in 2019. The psychological study included 60 men aged 45-60 who are undergoing planned treatment in the endocrinology department for type II diabetes mellitus. Psychological research included: conversation, study of the type of attitude towards illness (TOBOL), study of adherence to treatment (Moriska – Green Compliance Scale). Work with tobacco dependence was carried out according to the WHO recommendations according to the “5 A” principle [14]. Work with patients was carried out in the key of rational, behavioral and gestalt therapy.Results and discussion. In total, 24 group meetings were held – 12 group meetings in each polyclinic group of 26 people. The results obtained showed a decrease in the number of patients with a low level of physical wellbeing, psychological well-being, optimism, self-confidence, and readiness to quit smoking. Along with this, there was an increase in the number of patients with a high level of physical well-being, psychological well-being, optimism), readiness to quit smoking. As for compliance, the overall picture has also improved: there were 39 highly adherent patients among the studied (an increase from 10 % to 75 %), moderately adherent – 13 (a decrease from 73.3 % to 25 %), weakly adherent no (there were 16.7 %).Conclusions. Psychological support of nicotine-dependent patients with diabetes mellitus must necessarily include educational work with patients, work with increasing the level of self-control of the disease and adherence to treatment, with a psychoemotional state. It is optimal to include patients with diabetes mellitus in the group psychotherapeutic process in order to provide mutual assistance and receive effective support in the treatment of tobacco smoking and raise the consciousness of patients in relation to the prevention of complications of diabetes mellitus, and to the disease itself in general.

Associations between previous sport and exercise experience and physical literacy elements among physically inactive Danes

BackgroundPhysical inactivity is recognized as a leading global public health threat. Physical Literacy, a concept describing an individual’s prerequisites to participate in and adhere to physical activities, has been suggested to be a key concept in understanding physical activity in various populations. The aim of this study was to describe the prerequisites for physical activity among inactive adults in terms of their physical literacy and previous experience with sport and exercise and how these are interrelated.MethodsSample: 1033 physical inactive Danes. Measures: BREQ-3, ESES, the Levels of knowledge questionnaire and the physical self-confidence scale.ResultsInactive Danish adult’s physical literacy scores are generally low compared to samples in other studies. Inactive adults with no or little previous experience with sport and exercise had lower levels of competences, self-efficacy and autonomous motivation for exercise and sport than the inactive with more experience. Previous sport and exercise experience was positively associated to the physical and affective domain of PL.ConclusionPrevious experience with sport and exercise is very important to consider when developing sport and exercise activities for currently inactive adults as individuals with low previous experience have lower competences and autonomous motivation and therefore need lower challenges and other important attention to the motivational climate in order to ensure that the activities are motivating enough to secure continued engagement.

A Variable- and Person-Centered Approach to Further Understand the Relationship Between Actual and Perceived Motor Competence in Children

Purpose: To study the relationship between actual motor competence (AMC) and perceived motor competence (PMC) in a large sample of 6- to 12-year-old children. Method: The AMC and PMC were measured (N = 1,669, 55% boys) with the Athletic Skills Track and the Physical Self-Confidence Scale, respectively. A variable-centered approach was applied to examine the AMC–PMC association by means of correlation coefficients and Fisher’s z tests. Cluster analyses were used to identify profiles of children from a person-centered perspective. Results: The AMC–PMC correlation strengthened with increasing age (r = .084 in 6- to 7-year-olds to r = .416 in 10- to 11-year-olds). The person-centered approach revealed two profiles with corresponding levels of AMC and PMC, and two profiles with divergent levels. Discussion: In addition to clarifying the age-related increase in the association between AMC and PMC, the profiles from the person-centered approach result in new gateways for tailoring interventions to the needs of children with different AMC–PMC profiles.

Children's independence Skills Analysis at Low Socioeconomic Environment

Children's independence Skills Analysis at Low Socioeconomic Environment

Gender, Physical Self-Perception and Overall Physical Fitness in Secondary School Students: A Multiple Mediation Model.

Background: Physical self-perception is often related with better physical fitness perception in adolescents. Moreover, it is an important social cognitive perspective to provide suitable mental health in this population. However, this relationship is unequal between boys and girls. The physical fitness is a marker of health in young population. The aims of the present study were the following: (1) to compare physical self-perception and self-reported overall physical fitness (OPF) between boys and girls (gender) and body mass index (BMI) status, and (2) to determine the mediating role of all physical self-perception subscales (except physical condition) and BMI status in the link between gender and OPF in adolescent students. Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 85 adolescent students of secondary school between 12 and 17 years of age; 41 were boys (Mage = 14.6, SD = 1.7) and 44 were girls (Mage = 14.4, SD = 1.6). Adolescent participants completed all clinical characteristics by body composition measures (age, body weight, body height, and BMI). Physical self-perception was assessed by the physical self-perception profile (PSPP) whereas the international fitness scale (IFIS) was used to predict the self-reported OPF of adolescents in the present study. Results: Gender (boys and girls) differed significantly in all PSPP subscales and OPF, whereas the BMI status (underweight = 19 students, normal weight = 53 students, overweight/obese = 13 students) showed significant differences in all clinical characteristics, physical condition (PSPP), and OPF. A multiple mediation analysis was performed using bias corrected bootstrap. This multiple mediation analysis revealed that all PSPP subscales were significant mediators between gender and OPF: attractive body (p = 0.013), sport competence (p = 0.009), physical strength (p = 0.002), and self-confidence (p = 0.002). The total direct effect of gender on OPF was significant (p = 0.002). Moreover, the multiple mediation estimated a completely standardized indirect of X on Y for attractive body (effect = 0.109), sport competence (effect = 0.066), physical strength (effect = 0.130), and self-confidence (effect = 0.193). Conclusions: These findings contribute to understanding the link between gender and OPF in adolescent students and the mediation of physical self-perception and OPF in this relationship. In addition, strategies focused to improve self-confidence and physical self-perception are necessary in female adolescent students, because boys showed better physical self-perception in all PSPP subscales. Girls are a risk group because they report low physical self-confidence with their respective insecurity feelings and psychological disorders. Thus, personal physical self-perception must be considered as an important social cognitive perspective to provide suitable mental health in children and adolescents.

The Relationship between Actual Fundamental Motor Skill Proficiency, Perceived Motor Skill Confidence and Competence, and Physical Activity in 8⁻12-Year-Old Irish Female Youth.

This study examines the relationship between actual fundamental motor skill (FMS) proficiency, perceived motor confidence and competence, and physical activity (PA) among female children (n= 160; mean age = 10.69 ± 1.40 years). The Test of Gross Motor Development-2nd Edition (TGMD-2) was used to assess seven FMSs (locomotor, object-control, and stability). Motor confidence and competence were assessed using a valid skill-specific scale, and a modified version of the Self-Perception Profile for Children. PA levels were assessed using self-report (PA Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C)) and classified as low, moderate, and high active. One-way and two-way ANOVAs (post-hoc honest significant difference (HSD)) and correlation coefficients were used to analyse the data. Findings indicate that the majority of youth (71.8%) were not meeting the minimum 60 min of daily PA recommended for health, and that 98.1% did not achieve the FMS proficiency expected for their age. While there were high levels of perceived physical self-confidence (PSC) reported within FMS skill-specific tasks, there was no significant correlation observed between actual FMS proficiency and perceived PSC among the cohort. Results show that low, moderately, and highly active female participants differ significantly in terms of their overall FMS (p = 0.03) and locomotor (LOC) control scores (p = 0.03). Results from a two-way between-groups analysis of variance also revealed no statistically significant interaction effect between PA grouping and physical performance self-concept (PPSC) on overall FMS proficiency levels. Results of a multiple linear regression indicate that perceived PSC is a significant predictor (beta = 0.183) of participants’ overall PA levels. Data show a need for targeting low levels of PA, and low FMS proficiency in female youth, and for developing interventions aiming to enhance perceived PSC levels.

Aging and the Cost of Inactivity

The world's population is living longer, due in large part to the post-World War II baby boom and medical advances. As our population ages, natural age–related physical decline coupled with chronic and/or degenerative diseases creates an increased demand on our health care system and drives up health care-related costs. Physical activity can mitigate health care costs by staving off morbidity and keeping our aging population physically independent longer. However, with only 20% of Americans meeting government activity recommendations and 6% to 10% of the deaths worldwide from noncommunicable diseases associated with lack of physical activity, it is clear that we can no longer afford to be inactive. Physical activity programs designed for an aging population need to meet the physical challenges of natural aging and provide a safe, effective, and appropriate environment designed to encourage program adherence. Mindfulness and mindful movement, specifically Pilates, may well prove to be an effective nonpharmacological answer to aging and activity. Pilates is not only safe, effective, and appropriate, but its inwardly directed design enhances efficacy and physical self-confidence.

The relationship between fundamental movement skill proficiency and physical self-confidence among adolescents

ABSTRACTThis study aims to assess fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency, physical self-confidence levels, and the relationship between these variables and gender differences among adolescents. Three hundred and ninety five adolescents aged 13.78 years (SD = ±1.2) from 20 schools were involved in this study. The Test of Gross Motor Development-2nd Edition (TGMD), TGMD-2 and Victorian Skills Manual were used to assess 15 FMS. Participants’ physical self-confidence was also assessed using a valid skill-specific scale. A significant correlation was observed between FMS proficiency and physical self-confidence for females only (r = 0.305, P < 0.001). Males rated themselves as having significantly higher physical self-confidence levels than females (P = 0.001). Males scored significantly higher than females in FMS proficiency (P < 0.05), and the lowest physical self-confidence group were significantly less proficient at FMS than the medium (P < 0.001) and high physical self-confidence groups (P < 0.05). This information not only highlights those in need of assistance to develop their FMS but will also facilitate in the development of an intervention which aims to improve physical self-confidence and FMS proficiency.

Physical self-confidence levels of adolescents: Scale reliability and validity.

To establish reliability, content validity and concurrent validity of the physical self-confidence scale among adolescents. Demonstrate the use of this scale to assess the physical self-confidence of adolescents across genders at performing specific fundamental movement skills (FMS). Three hundred and seventy six adolescents were involved in this study. A 15 item scale was developed to assess physical self-confidence. The scale was developed based on 15 specific FMS. Experts in the field reviewed the scale to ensure content validity. The reliability of the scale was assessed on a sub-sample of 67 participants who answered the scale 7-days apart. Concurrent validity was assessed on the sub-sample using the Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP) as a comparative tool. 376 adolescents completed the physical self-confidence scale (mean age=13.78, SD=±1.21, males n=193) to assess gender differences, and also their levels of physical self-confidence across all skills. An Intra Class Correlation indicated excellent test retest reliability for the scale with an overall r=0.92. Content validity and concurrent validity were also good, with the scale achieving a correlation coefficient of 0.72 with the PSPP. Males possess significantly higher physical self-confidence than females across all items. This scale is the first reliable and valid tool which specifically measures physical self-confidence in performing FMS among adolescents. The results highlight gender differences in physical self-confidence and emphasise the importance of measuring this at skill level as differences were task specific. This scale will facilitate future research examining the relationship between self-confidence, FMS proficiency and physical activity participation.

Disability, body image and sports/physical activity in adult survivors of childhood CNS tumors: population-based outcomes from a cohort study

Childhood CNS tumor survivors risk health and functional impairments that threaten normal psychological development and self-perception. This study investigated the extent to which health and functional ability predict adult survivors' body image (BI) and self-confidence regarding sports and physical activity. The study cohort covered 708 eligible ≥ 18 year old CNS tumor survivors, and data from 528 (75 %) were analyzed. Disability was estimated using the Health Utilities Index™ Mark2/3, a multidimensional self-report instrument. Physical self-confidence in terms of BI and sports/physical activity-related self-confidence (SPAS) were assessed using the BI and the Sports/Athletics modules of a standardized self-report assessment scale. In adjusted regression models, global health and functional status (GHFS) predicted BI (B = 0.94, 95 % CI 0.69-1.19) and SPAS (B = 0.79, 95 % CI 0.55-1.04). Emotion and pain, and to a lesser degree cognition, speech and vision disability, were associated with poorer BI and SPAS. Gender, sub-diagnosis, and time since diagnosis influenced the relationship between health status and physical self-confidence outcomes. Females had poorer GHFS, BI and SPAS than males. Decreased health and functional ability following childhood CNS cancer intrudes on physical self-confidence, with females being at heightened risk for both disability and negative self-confidence. Identified disability and gender-related risk calls for a follow-up plan that integrates treatment of psychological sequelae in lifetime monitoring of childhood CNS tumor survivors to restore and protect self-image and self-confidence, essential mental health correlates. An expanded plan should recognize the need for such services, optimizing life-long quality of survival for CNS tumor survivors.

Fun in the classroom

There is huge scope for ‘play’ in the key stage 3 classroom, and by developing this strand of your teaching you will be surprised by how social skills, physical and cognitive development and self-confidence improve. Karen Sullivan looks at how

Comparison of Current Health, Functional Limitations, and Health Care Use of Young Adults Who Were Born With Extremely Low Birth Weight and Normal Birth Weight

The objective of this study was to compare the current health status, physical ability, functional limitations, and health care use of extremely low birth weight and normal birth weight young adults. A longitudinal study was conducted of a population-based cohort of 166 extremely low birth weight survivors (501-1000 g birth weight; 1977-1982 births) and a group of 145 sociodemographically comparable normal birth weight individuals. Current health status, history of illnesses, hospitalizations, use of health resources, and physical self-efficacy were assessed through questionnaires that were administered to the young adults by masked interviewers. Individuals completed the assessments at a mean age of 23 years. Neurosensory impairments were identified in 27% of extremely low birth weight and 2% of normal birth weight individuals. No differences were reported in the current health status for physical or mental summary scores. Extremely low birth weight young adults reported a higher prevalence of chronic health conditions in the past 6 months. A significantly higher proportion of extremely low birth weight individuals had functional limitations in seeing, hearing, and dexterity and experienced clumsiness and learning difficulties. Except for prescription glasses, medications for depression, and home-care services for extremely low birth weight individuals, there were no significant differences between groups in use of health care resources. Extremely low birth weight individuals had significantly weaker hand grip strength and lower scores for physical self-efficacy, perceived physical ability, and physical self-confidence. Extremely low birth weight young adults seem to enjoy similar current health status to their normal birth weight peers. However, they continue to have significantly poorer physical abilities and a higher prevalence of chronic health conditions and functional limitations. Contrary to expectations, they do not pose a significant burden to the health care system at young adulthood.

Circus ‘C’: An Innovative Approach to Leisure for People with Disabilities

The concept of inclusivity is constantly discussed by a range of stakeholders from strategic to operational levels within arenas such as sport, tourism, the arts and leisure, often without any concrete understanding of the outcomes of such practices. The widest possible access to leisure for all likely participants is now the expectation by society at large and not just an ideal propounded by advocacy groups and people with disabilities. The challenge to operationalise these ideals into successful leisure programs is addressed in this paper through a case-study of a circus program that is creative, innovative and inclusive. The case study reports findings from a program designed for children with intellectual and/or mobility disabilities. It presents the use of circus as a leisure and learning program, developed in an education support unit. The program has had positive outcomes in a range of learning areas relating to cognitive, physical and affective attributes. These achievements include enhanced communication and physical skills, improved self-esteem and self-confidence and positive changes in behaviour patterns. Many of the skills developed relate to lifelong leisure skills learning. These findings are significant for people with disabilities, given the limited supply of leisure opportunities for this and other sectors of the community due to constraints in government, not-for-profit and commercial programs.

Self-defense Training for Visually Impaired Women

This article describes the development and pilot testing of a curriculum of rape-prevention and self-defense skills for visually impaired women. After the course, the women's physical self-defense skills, self-confidence, and understanding of the ability to solve problems in hypothetically dangerous situations increased.

Physical self-efficacy and actualization

In his theorizing about self-actualization, Maslow speculated that physical ability and physical self-confidence were two aspects of cooperative dominance which were associated positively with actualization. These aspects of dominance bear close resemblance to the Perceived Physical Ability (PPA) and the Physical Self-Presentation Confidence (PSPC) dimensions of the Physical Self-Efficacy (PSE) Inventory. Accordingly, the PPA and PSPC scores of undergraduate men and women were correlated with their scores on the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI), a popular measure of actualization, to test Maslow's hypotheses. The results showed that, contrary to Maslow's claims, PPA is not a positive correlate of self-actualization. However, strong support was found for Maslow's contention that high-PSPC individuals are more likely to be actualizing than low-PSPC people. Also, Maslow's hypothesis that actualizers are high in global sensation seeking (SS) was tested. The data indicated that only male actualizers were high in various aspects of SS, but female actualizers were not. Multiple regression analyses revealed further that both SS and PSPC are primary contributors to POI for men, but only PSPC contributes significantly to POI for women. Discussion focused on the reasons why research findings showing that increases in physical fitness lead to increases in self-esteem cannot be used to support the view that physical fitness and actualization are linked positively.