Physical Scars Research Articles

"No such thing as good cancer": a qualitative exploration of the experience of early-onset thyroid cancer in survivors.

The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased exponentially in recent decades. At the same time, there is a growing concern surrounding the overdiagnosis of indolent thyroid cancer, leading to invasive and potentially unnecessary interventions that can significantly impact young patients' lives. Yet, the experiences of survivors of thyroid cancer have been largely understudied. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of survivors of early-onset thyroid cancer. The qualitative research design of hermeneutic phenomenology guided this study. Participants completed a demographic survey and semi-structured interview that was subsequently transcribed verbatim and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Thirty-six survivors of thyroid cancer (83% female, median age at diagnosis: 37.1years, median age at interview: 43.5years) participated. Participants' experiences were characterized by two themes: (1) reconciling the meaning of the "c" word (cancer) as a dangerous and life-threatening diagnosis with lived experience of thyroid cancer and (2) thyroid cancer leaves patients with lifelong physical and emotional scars. Survivors of early-onset thyroid cancer experience significant short and late effects on their physical and psychosocial well-being. Survivors shared some of the difficulties of having to reconcile what they were told was a "good cancer" and their previously held beliefs of cancer, including feeling lost in the healthcare system and like they could not access services or be impacted because they had been told they had "good cancer." Increased communication of risks and acknowledgement of the perceptions surrounding cancer is needed to help patients make better informed decisions and feel supported throughout their thyroid cancer journey. Gaps in care pathways, especially adjustments post-treatment, should be filled to help support these survivors.

We will be different forever: A qualitative study of changes of body image in women with breast cancer

ObjectiveThis study explores the experience of body-image changes throughout the trajectory of breast cancer.MethodsWe conducted qualitative in-depth interviews with 53 women (n = 53) representing diverse age groups, with a mean age of 48.61 years (SD = 13.12), from various regions across the Czech Republic. The interviews were audio/video recorded and divided into two phases. The initial phase consisted of a narrative part, followed by a semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis was employed to identify and explore the topics that held significant importance to the participants.ResultsThis research investigated how body image and emotional responses evolve in women with breast cancer during various stages of the illness. Throughout the breast cancer journey, women undergo diverse body image changes, with some of them being described as particularly traumatic, such as hair loss and preventive operations. The effects of breast cancer extend beyond physical scars, influencing femininity and womanhood in the long run. The experience of womanhood is marked by visible and non-visible effects that persist for years after treatment.ConclusionStudy has provided valuable insights into the emotional journey that women experience during breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. The illness trajectory framework has proven to be a valuable tool for understanding the complexities of body image concerns and the emotional implications faced by breast cancer patients. By acknowledging the significance of body image issues and providing targeted interventions, healthcare providers can improve the psychosocial well-being and overall quality of life for breast cancer survivors. Further research in this area is needed to develop and refine supportive interventions that address the unique challenges women face during their breast cancer journey. Ultimately, by fostering a sensitive and comprehensive approach to care, we can empower women to navigate their breast cancer journey with greater resilience and confidence.

Acid Attack Survivors in Popular Culture and the Quest for Human Rights

Abstract Acid attack is a gender-based violence, the historical roots of which can be traced back to Victorian-era Britain and Europe. Over the years, acid emerged as a preferred choice of weapon in several other countries. The victims of acid violence are forced to live a life of suffering due to the resultant emotional and physical scars. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach and drawing on examples from literature, movies, and other media, the article will examine the popular culture portrayal of acid attack victims through the lens of Hall’s encoding/decoding model. It examines the ways in which narratives of acid attack victims are depicted and consumed by the public. Moreover, the article highlights the role of the popular media in challenging and perpetuating these narratives and the immense potential it holds to shape public discourse and policy surrounding human rights issues. The article discusses the human rights of the acid attack victims through the lens of Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach. Additionally, the article underscores the need for amplifying the voices and experiences of the acid attack victims in popular culture—thereby advocating for greater awareness, empathy, and activism.

Nether Space(s): Unveiling endometriosis experiences in performance

Endometriosis is a debilitating and incurable disease impacting one in ten women (including individuals assigned female at birth). Stirred by my battle with this disease, I devoted my doctoral research to exploring lived body experiences of endo in and through an embodied, improvisational painscape practice. This discussion hones in on the later stages of research development and eventual public presentation of Nether Space(s): a performance/exhibition marrying movement, kinaesthetic painting and embodied poetry into a cohesive painscape. Although Nether Space(s) exposes the often concealed or invisible suffering related to gendered disabilities like endometriosis, the negotiations with time, space, energy and expression likely resonate with individuals who endure various kinds of menstrual, reproductive or chronic pain. In disseminating the research journey, this article demonstrates how engaging with the physical, emotional, psychological and spiritual scars of unfathomable pain experiences implicitly necessitates the integration of interdisciplinary methodologies and critical perspectives. Specifically, I pinpoint how an artistic practice shaped and birthed from endo experiences champions improvisational prowess, feminist inquiry and crip identity. The shared imagery, poetry and personal accounts of the various creative outcomes associated with Nether Space(s), further reveal that an improvisational feminist-crip performance practice can facilitate embodied agency by cripping endo pain. Notably, idiosyncratic attributes of Nether Space(s), some of which include scar symbolism; alternative spatialities, temporalities or energies; or convergences of narrative and abstract, are unpacked through the lens of netherness – an original construct that emerged as a pivotal revelation of the research journey.

Wound Healing Effects of Liposomal Nanocurcumin and PL Pro Nanocurcumin on Thermal Burn and Skin Ulcer

Background Burn injuries and skin ulcers are important health problems resulting in physical and psychological scars and chronic disabilities. This study investigated the wound-healing effects of liposomal nanocurcumin and PL pro nanocurcumin on thermal burns in rats and doxorubicin-induced skin ulcers in mice and their systemic toxicity. Methods Having subjected to a cylindrical hot steel rod onto the dorsum, burned lesions were covered topically with silver sulfadiazine/liposomal nanocurcumin/PL pro nanocurcumin twice a day for 21 days. Besides, the other skin lesions which were induced by a single intradermal injection of doxorubicin on the dorsal region were topically administered with dimethyl sulfoxide/liposomal nanocurcumin/PL pro nanocurcumin twice a day for 21 days. Results The results indicated that liposomal nanocurcumin and PL pro nanocurcumin significantly reduced the wound size, increased the hydroxyproline content in animals’ skin, and improved the histopathological structure of the affected tissues. Specifically, liposomal nanocurcumin demonstrated better healing results than PL pro nanocurcumin on thermal burns. Furthermore, topical administration of liposomal and PL pro nanocurcumin was deemed not to exert any systemic toxicity to the wounded animals by not influencing considerably the hematological parameters and renal and hepatic functions and altering the histology of the liver and kidney. Additionally, liposomal nanocurcumin and PL pro nanocurcumin with average sizes of 206 nm and 344 nm were well-dispersed in water, accentuating that the disadvantages of limited water solubility have been overcome. Conclusion Thus, liposomal nanocurcumin and PL pro nanocurcumin exerted effective effects on burned wounds and skin ulcers whilst triggering no systemic toxicity in wounded animals.

DOES EXERCISE INFLUENCE CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN BURNS >1 YEAR AFTER INJURY?

A burn is one of the most traumatic injuries a person can sustain, and along with mental and physical scars, trigger a greater and more persistent inflammatory and metabolic response than other trauma cases, with hypermetabolic and hyperinflammation being reported >3 years post-burn. Exercise has been shown to positively influence inflammatory and metabolic function in both healthy and diseased cohorts, however little is known about the influence of exercise on chronic inflammation and metabolism in burn survivors. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an exercise intervention on inflammatory and metabolic markers in patients who had sustained a burn injury >1 year ago. In this study 15 participants were randomised in a cross over design into one of two conditions, either exercise-control, or control-exercise. The exercise condition comprised of six weeks of resistance and aerobic exercise, completed remotely or supervised in a hospital gym. A comprehensive battery of clinical and physiological assessments was completed at 0, 3 and 6 weeks of each exercise and control condition. The primary outcome measure for this study was TNF-alpha and how this changed in response to the exercise condition. Secondary measures included indirect calorimetry, metabolomic and lipidomic analysis, strength and aerobic fitness testing, body composition and questionnaires related to functional status and physical activity history. It is hoped that the results from this study will contribute to the future of post-burn rehabilitation and continue to develop the understanding surrounding the chronic post-response physiological response.

Awareness of Forensic Odontology among Dental Students and Faculty in Cyprus: A Survey-Based Study.

This study aimed to evaluate the awareness, comprehension, and practices concerning forensic odontology among dental students and faculty at a Dental School in Cyprus. An online, cross-sectional, descriptive survey, employing an adapted, self-administered questionnaire, was disseminated to all dental students and faculty at the School of Dentistry, European University Cyprus, in November 2022. The survey assessed participants' demographic information and explored their awareness with questions alluding to knowledge, attitudes and practices in forensic dentistry. Of those surveyed, 47 faculty members and 304 students responded, yielding response rates of 66.2% and 80%, respectively. Statistical analysis, including Kendall's tau test and χ2 test were employed to examine correlations and associations, with Cramer's V used to measure the strength of significant associations. The predetermined significance level was α = 0.05. Awareness levels were assessed through participants' responses to specific questions in the survey. It was revealed that 87% of faculty and 65% of students were familiar with forensic odontology. A noteworthy 94% of faculty and 85% of students recognized teeth as DNA repositories. A high percentage, 98% of faculty and 89% of students, acknowledged the role of forensic odontology in the identification of criminals and deceased individuals. Awareness of age estimation through dental eruption patterns was evident in 85% of faculty and 81.6% of students. A substantial proportion (80% of faculty) maintained dental records, while 78% of students recognized the importance of dental record-keeping in ensuring quality care. Interestingly, 57% of students and 64% of faculty were aware of the possibility of dentists testifying as expert witnesses. The majority, 95.7% of faculty and 85% of students, concurred that physical harm, scars, and behavioral alterations predominantly indicate child abuse. The findings, revealing robust awareness among respondents, underscore the importance of enhancing faculty engagement in relevant seminars to further strengthen their knowledge. Additionally, emphasizing improved record-keeping practices for potential forensic applications emerges as a crucial aspect. These insights have implications for refining dental education in Cyprus and enhancing forensic practices by promoting ongoing professional development and emphasizing meticulous record-keeping within the dental community.

Our Voices are Important

Submitting my story to the New South Wales Select Committee inquiry into birth trauma was something I wanted to do in order to see changes implemented across the hospital system, not only for mothers but also for care providers. The birth of my first son in July 2020 was not only traumatic but also left me with emotional and physical scars which changed my faith in the hospital system and changed my faith in my body and its ability to birth unassisted, which is something I yearned for.

H12 Royal rashes: a potted dermatology history in the British monarchy

Abstract Skin diseases have affected a significant proportion of the population throughout history, royalty being no exception. On reviewing monarchs over the centuries, underlying health conditions can be gleaned from their reported skin conditions and physical appearance. In the 14th century, King Henry IV seized the throne from his cousin Richard II. Henry IV was debilitated by a skin disease thought to be leprosy or severe psoriasis, believed to be a punishment from God for being the first king to execute an archbishop. He is reported to have developed great pustules and eventually necrotic ulcers. King Henry VIII, famous for his six wives, also suffered with poor health during his reign from 1509 to 1547. By the age of 44 years, he was reportedly significantly obese, suffering from bilateral leg ulcers that became recurrently infected, leaving him unable to walk. The aetiology of the king’s ulceration may encompass a range of potential diagnoses. It is likely to have been as a result of venous disease with stasis dermatitis alongside trauma and obesity. Henry’s daughter Queen Elizabeth I, who reigned from 1558 to 1603, suffered from smallpox in 1562, which left her face scarred. Her physical scars were concealed with early forms of lead-laced makeup. She also reportedly suffered from hair loss. This may have been telogen effluvium secondary to stress, or it is possible that she suffered from female pattern hair loss. Alternatively, the application of lead to her face may have contributed to her alopecia. The following century, Queen Anne, the monarch that unified England and Scotland and took ownership of Gibraltar, is thought to have suffered from systemic lupus erythematosus. Portraits have demonstrated the classic malar rash, facial oedema and joint swellings. She also suffered many miscarriages and eventually a lethal stroke, raising suspicion for associated antiphospholipid syndrome. Moving to the 20th century, Prince William of Gloucester, a grandson of King George V, suffered from a photoexacerbated blistering skin rash. Three years later, he was diagnosed with porphyria, giving credence to the theory that the madness of King George III, one of William’s ancestors, was due to porphyria. However, this has been disputed, and manic–depressive psychosis is felt to be the more likely explanation. With up to 33% of the UK population suffering with skin conditions at any one time, a significant number of the current royal family will have a variety of skin diseases. How will their dermatological history be told in the future?

Aminatta Forna’s the Memory of Love: A Chronicle of Psychological Disaster in a Post-War Context

This paper examines the Civil War that hit Sierra Leone from 1991 to 2002 and the psychological trauma that results in the consequence upon people’s psyche as contextualized in Aminatta Forna’s The Memory of Love. It purports to establish an intertwining between this narrative and history through the analysis of some historical events such as riots, coups, the invasion of Freetown by rebel soldiers. Thanks to the psychoanalytical approach and the New historicism, this study has enabled not only to highlight the ferocious atrocities committed by Sierra Leoneans. It has also shown how escapees of this fratricide war cope with the physical and mental scars of those years in their day-to-day lives. As a final assessment, Aminatta Forna’s The Memory of Love can be read as a chronicle of Psychological Disaster in a post-war context that still haunts Sierra Leoneans.

Surgical treatment of postauricular hidradenitis suppurativa with delayed diagnosis: a case report and literature review.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that is difficult to diagnose, with a period of 10.0± 9.6 years from symptom onset to diagnosis. A 32-year-old Asian man presented with bilateral postauricular abscesses that first appeared 5 years previously. Despite several incisions and drainage, the symptoms only temporarily improved and continued to recur. On physical examination, chronic scars and sinus tracts were observed around the lesion. Postauricular HS was diagnosed, and surgical treatment was performed. We performed a wide excision and reconstructed the defect using a posterior auricular artery perforator-based keystone flap. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of HS. The reconstruction was successful, and there was no recurrence for 2 years after surgery. HS is difficult to diagnose without specific attention. Although the postauricular region is not a typical site of HS, it can occur in this area. Therefore, if a patient presents with recurrent abscesses in the postauricular region, HS should be considered. Additionally, if HS is diagnosed in the postauricular region, wide excision with reconstruction using a posterior auricular artery perforator-based keystone flap can lead to a favorable outcome.

A qualitative investigation into the cultural master narrative for overcoming trauma and adversity in the United Kingdom.

esearch in the field of narrative psychology has found that redemption—a narrative sequence in which people recount emotionally negative experiences as having positive endings—is a useful mechanism for coping with adversity. Redemption has been viewed as a cultural master narrative in North America, providing individuals with a socially valued script for narrating challenging life experiences. Presently little research has examined the presence and function of the redemption narrative outside of North American contexts. The aim of this qualitative study, therefore, was to identify themes in U.K. individuals’ narratives of trauma and adversity to gain insight into the content of the master narrative for meaning-making in the U.K. Sixty-five participants (57 females, Mage = 21.97, SD = 7.24) with little to no experience of lifetime adversity were recruited into an online survey. Participants answered open-ended questions adopting the perspective of a survivor from a selected U.K. national tragedy, focusing on how they felt survivors could recover from trauma. We identified 2 themes in our thematic analysis that were relevant to recovery: recuperation and redemption. Recuperation was most commonly reported, it was described as a gradual lessening of symptoms over time and the ability to cope with the lasting emotional and physical scars. Our findings suggest that redemption is not necessarily the dominant cultural script in the U.K. for guiding recovery in the aftermath of trauma. (APA PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

TESTIMONIAL NARRATIVE OF THE UNSPEAKABLE CRIMES IN NADIA MURAD’S THE LAST GIRL

Trauma is an unpleasant experience suffered by an individual and or a group of individuals collectively. It is a life-changing event that leaves physical and psychological scars that could influence both explicit and implicit memories in the conscious and subconscious mind. Therefore, traumatic events can occur when previous memories haunt the present state of mind through flashbacks, nightmares, hallucinations, disorders, and other means. As a result, the suppressed ghost of the past conjures up mental imagery of locations, people, and items associated with the heinous crime. While some individuals are locked in their traumatic experiences, others may integrate and release them via narration and testimony stories. This is important in making the wound visible and the silence audible. Therefore, as Nadia Murad demonstrated, literature deals with trauma and constructs a bridge of communal solidarity amongst people who share the same society or culture by exposing hideous crimes. The book by Nadia Murad and the co-writer Jenna Krajeski, The Last Girl: My Story of Captivity and Resistance to the Islamic State (2017), focuses on ISIS sexual assaulters of their Yazidi victims and women’s aspirations for reparative and restorative justice. Between 2014 and 2015, Nadia Murad, the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize winner, was imprisoned in sexual slavery. Nadia’s historical testimony gave details of the crimes that the ISIS members perpetrated against her and her determination to prosecute them. The study argues that the Yazidi women’s brave decision to come forward assisted rape survivors in breaking the women’s generational silence. They significantly recalled their people’s collective traumatized memory to heal the wounds through verbalizing suffering and testimonial narratives. The author-personal narrator’s experiences with injustices had been investigated using a mix of autobiography biography, memoir, History, and testimony, and also how the testimonial narrative aids in the act of speaking out against crimes; by giving voice to the silent agony

AN AETIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE INCIDENCE OF BULLYING IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RURAL AREAS OF EDO STATE

Recently, there has been an upsurge in peer victimization sometimes leading to bodily harm amongst secondary school student particularly in the rural areas. This study therefore sort to examine the causes and social consequences of bullying in rural secondary schools in Edo State. The dominance theory was adopted as the theoretical foundation of the study. The study employed the cross-sectional research design while a self-constructed semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather data from 600 hundred participants from two rural secondary schools in Edo State. The frequency distribution and simple percentage were used to analyze the data collected. The study found that bullying exist in rural secondary schools and is caused by peer influenced, societal factors, biological factors and family influence on child development. It also discovered that bullying leads to depression, poor academic performances, psychological and physical scars. The study therefore recommend that parents and school councilors should enlighten their wards and students on the ills of bullying.

Aloe vera and ofloxacin incorporated chitosan hydrogels show antibacterial activity, stimulate angiogenesis and accelerate wound healing in full thickness rat model.

Burns are potentially fatal and physically debilitating injuries, causing psychological and physical scars and result in chronic disabilities. A well vascularized wound bed is required to achieve complete and scar free wound closure. For many centuries, a variety of herbal plants have been used for wound healing, among these aloe vera (AV) has been found to be very effective in wound healing. Secondly, the main reason for delayed wound healing is bacterial infections. Ofloxacin (OX) has been reported as an active antibacterial drug for topical infections and it is effective against both positive and negative bacterial strains. In current research three different concentrations of OX (0.5, 2.5, and 5mg) were loaded into chitosan (CS)/AV based hydrogels prepared by freeze gelation. The surface morphology of prepared CS/AV based OX loaded hydrogels were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In drug release analysis, 0.5mg OX loaded hydrogel showed a sustained drug release behavior over 3 days period. An effective dose dependent antibacterial activity was exhibited by OX loaded hydrogels. Alamar Blue cells viability assay revealed that 0.5mg OX hydrogel (CA 0.5 OX) showed comparatively better 3T3 fibroblast cells proliferation as compared to CA 2.5 OX (2.5mg OX) and CA 5 OX hydrogel (5mg OX). Moreover, all OX loaded hydrogels showed good angiogenic activity in CAM bioassay while higher angiogenic potential was observed from CA 0.5 OX containing comparatively lower concentration of OX. These OX incorporated CS/AV based hydrogels are promising wound dressings for future clinical use.

Shame, stigma, and social exclusion: The lived experiences of epileptic patients in a health facility in Ilorin, Nigeria

ABSTRACT Background The highest number of persons living with epilepsy (PLWE) are in Africa and the majority live in deplorable conditions, while dealing with varying layers of stigma, social exclusion, and discrimination. Objective This study explored the lived experiences of PLWE in Ilorin. Methods Adopting a qualitative design and a phenomenological lens, 10 PLWE between the ages of 18 and 60 were purposively selected from the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) for in-depth interviews. Results Findings suggest that PLWE bear multiple and intersecting burdens, including physical injuries; institutional, cultural, and economic constraints; psychological strain; social exclusion; and stigma. These disadvantages are often sustained and reproduced by various assumptions about epilepsy; as such, PLWE conceal their condition, and this implicatively reinforce stigma. Difficulty sustaining intimate relationships, overt physical scars, and inferiority complexes are recurrent challenges for PLWE. The study showed that adherence to drugs, self-management, personal precautions towards seizure signs, and family support are important coping strategies. Conclusion The study recommends that it is imperative to enhance and sustain systems, processes, and attitudes that prioritise the physical, social, and emotional needs of PLWE, because this is significant for their enhanced quality of life (QoL).

Hauntology in Toni Morrison’s Beloved and Kim Sŏk-Pŏm’s The Curious Tale of Mandogi's Ghost

This study compares the ontology of ghosts in African American novelist Toni Morrison’s Beloved and Zainichi Korean writer Kim Sŏk-Pŏm’s The Curious Tale of Mandogi s Ghost and explores the possibility of healing for historical scars. While Morrison s novel shows the physical and psychological scars left by the institutional violence of American slavery and the Fugitive Slave Law, Kim s novel deals with the annihilation of humanity itself surrounding the Jeju 4.3 Uprising and Massacre, a tragedy of modern Korean history. In these two novels, these ghosts are portrayed as reincarnations of victims of a tragic history who met unjust and untimely deaths or were not mourned sufficiently after death. By comparing the ways these ghosts haunt the survivors, this study tries to inquire how we should mourn the untimely return of the ghosts from time out-of-joint, what is true mourning, and what is the ethical basis for the impossible mourning, using Jacques Derrida s “hauntology” and the theory of mourning as frames of reference. This study concludes that while Beloved the ghost reminds us of the impossible mourning as a complete other who has died but lives in ourselves, Mandogi’s ghost lives with us as a ghostly other who has never left us.

Correlates of disclosure of non-suicidal self-injury amongst Australian university students

PurposeNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with psychological disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviours; disclosure of NSSI can serve as a catalyst for help-seeking and self-advocacy amongst people who have self-injured. This study aims to identify the socio-demographic, NSSI-related, socio-cognitive and socio-emotional correlates of NSSI disclosure. Given elevated rates of NSSI amongst university students, this study aimed to investigate these factors amongst this population.Design/methodology/approachAustralian university students (n = 573) completed online surveys; 80.2% had previously disclosed self-injury.FindingsNSSI disclosure was associated with having a mental illness diagnosis, intrapersonal NSSI functions, specifically marking distress and anti-dissociation, having physical scars from NSSI, greater perceived impact of NSSI, less expectation that NSSI would result in communication and greater social support from friends and significant others.Originality/valueExpanding on previous works in the area, this study incorporated cognitions about NSSI. The ways in which individuals think about the noticeability and impact of their NSSI, and the potential to gain support, are associated with the decision to disclose self-injury. Addressing the way individuals with lived experience consolidate these considerations could facilitate their agency in whether to disclose their NSSI and highlight considerations for health-care professionals working with clients who have lived experience of NSSI.

Torture by administration of electric shocks: The case of PG

In this case study, a survivor of torture describes a history of electrical torture with a rod-like object and the subsequent neurological symptoms and keloid scars that developed afterwards. Electrical injuries can be difficult for a clinician to identify on exam as they do not often leave any physical scars on the skin. However, survivors of electrical injuries do describe a constellation of acute sensations and ensuing neurologic and musculoskeletal symptoms that can be recognized by taking a detailed history. Familiarity with the mechanism of these injuries and their common acute and subacute symptoms can assist a forensic examiner in evaluating consistency in these cases.

The Many Faces of Child Emotional Maltreatment

Emotional maltreatment is a form of child abuse that may leave no physical scars, but has deep and long-term consequences. When compared to the effects of physical and sexual abuse, its impact has been historically neglected by researchers, despite its existence in all other forms of maltreatment. Beyond its recipient, the alarming effects of emotional abuse are believed to overcome even trans-generational barriers within the household. This poses great risks to the developmental outcomes of children having undergone these circumstances and their future kin. As such, this brief review will describe the signs of emotional maltreatment, its effects, and what can be done to address it.