Physical Treatment Methods Research Articles

Treatment of local purulent postoperative soft tissue complications in patients of older age groups with fractures of the proximal femur

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of fractures of the proximal femur in elderly patients makes it possible to put patients on their feet early and improve their quality of life. Local purulent complications in the postoperative period after hip fractures surgical treatment occur in 5–10% of cases. AIM: To improve the treatment outcomes of patients with local postoperative purulent complications of soft tissues by a comparative analysis of treatment methods with various antibacterial, antiseptic hydrogels and physical methods of wound treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The article presents the nature of local purulent complications, their clinical picture, and diagnostic features. All the patients are divided into 2 groups. The main group included 53 patients, and the control group included 48. The patients of the main group underwent comprehensive treatment of local purulent complications using modern technologies (plasma scalpel) and dressings with hydrogel Argacol. The control group was treated with traditional bandages with dioxomethyltetrahydropyrimidine and chloramphenicol. RESULTS: The use of surgical wound treatment using a plasma scalpel and dressings with multifunctional hydrogel allows to accelerate the wound healing process by 2–3 weeks compared with the use of traditional techniques. CONCLUSIONS: The application of the proposed tactics of providing specialized care to elderly patients with a fracture of the proximal femur allows for a significant (p 0.05) improvement in treatment results.

Recent advancement in microplastic removal process from wastewater - A critical review

Microplastics, small sized plastic particles having size <5 mm are formed through primary process including production of beauty products, microbeads and microfibres as well as secondary process including mechanical weathering, friction, aberration and fragmentation of large plastics. The major sources of microplastics are land-based and ocean-based sources. Microplastic pollution is a serious concern due to the persistent, low biodegradability and bio-accumulative behaviour. Microplastics can bioaccumulate in the food chain and can cause ecological and human health risk. Hence, it is important to remove from the aquatic ecosystems. Microplastics are removed from aquatic systems and wastewater through a series of processes such as physical, chemical and biological treatments. In the present articles, >250 articles are reviewed to collect the information regarding the various physical, chemical and biological methods for the removal of microplastics. Also, the probable control strategies to combat with plastic pollution were assessed. It was concluded that recent water treatment methods are efficient in removing microplastic pollution. The efficiencies to remove microplastic from the water ranged between 74 %-99.2 %, 65 %-99.20 % and 77 %-100 % for physical, chemical and biological treatment methods, respectively. Among the three treatment methods, physical methods especially the filtration of water from biochar is the most efficient way (efficiency up to 100 %) to remove microplastics. It was also concluded that creating public awareness, promoting reusing, recycling and reducing, and application of bioplastics can control the production of microplastics from plastic wastes. This review will be useful to add current knowledge regarding the abatement of microplastic pollution, and finding novel solution to control microplastics. This review will also help the policymakers to implement most effective and cost-efficient method to remove microplastics, and to find out new methods to reduce, reuse and recycle plastic wastes.

Properties, Treatment and Resource Utilization of Bauxite Tailings: A Review

A substantial amount of bauxite tailings (BTs) at abandoned mine sites have been stored in waste reservoirs for long periods, leading to significant land occupation and environmental degradation. Although many studies of the resource utilization of BTs were conducted to address this challenge, there is still a lack of efforts to systematically review the state of the art in BTs. In the present paper, a systematic literature review was carried out to summarize and analyze the properties, treatment, and resource utilization of BTs. Physical characteristics and the mineral and chemical composition of BTs are introduced. The efficacy of physical, chemical, and microbial treatment methods for BTs in terms of dehydration are outlined, and their respective benefits and limitations are discussed. Moreover, the extraction process of valuable elements (e.g., Si, Al, Fe, Li, Na, Nd, etc.) from BTs is examined, and the diverse applications of BTs in adsorption materials, ceramic materials, cementitious materials, lightweight aggregates, foamed mixture lightweight soil, among others, are studied. Finally, an efficient and smart treatment strategy for BTs was proposed. The findings of the present review provide a scientific basis and reference for future research focusing on the treatment and resource utilization of BTs.

Photocatalytic nanohybrid UV-light-driven PVDF/GO-NiFe@SiO2 membrane coupled with bentonite adsorption and ozonation process for a sustainable textile wastewater treatment

The textile industries face significant environmental challenges due to the presence of complex pollutant dyes in its wastewater, making it one of the world's major sources of industrial water pollution. Numerous studies have been employed to overcome this problem, including physical, chemical, and biological treatments. However, most of those methods still suffered to achieve higher dye removal performance. This study provides new insight regarding textile wastewater treatment containing indigo red as the main colorant by carrying out a hybrid process combining bentonite adsorption, ozonation, and photocatalytic membrane filtration. For the membrane, we propose a modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane incorporated with graphene oxide (GO) and nickel-iron doped silica (NiFe@SiO2) photocatalyst, which is named PVDF/GO-NiFe@SiO2 membrane. The membrane was employed under different sets of filtrations (dark and under ultraviolet irradiation) to treat natural dye wastewater from textile industry effluent. Further improvement was achieved when UV light irradiation was subjected to the process. This sequential adsorption-ozonation-membrane process under UV exposure exhibited improved dye removal from 55.11 % to 97.22 %. The results show that the proposed hybrid process successfully improved the membranes' antifouling behavior, thus boosting the membranes' performance and durability. From a broader perspective, our work promotes new insights for the integration of other physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods to improve the performance and durability of membrane-based processes, particularly for dye wastewater treatment.

Research on the treatment and utilization of hydrophobic soil in sponge city construction

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of hydrophobic soil, including its strong hydrophobicity, poor water retention capacity, and unstable mechanical properties. It explores treatment technologies for hydrophobic soil such as soil amendments, bioremediation techniques, and physical treatment methods. Based on these findings, the paper proposes the utilization of hydrophobic soil as permeable paving material, filling material for rain gardens and ecological retention ponds, covering layer for green roofs, and for ecological slopes and dikes. These suggestions provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the effective use of hydrophobic soil in sponge city construction.

System Design and Development of a Novel, Unique Neuro Physical Medical Treatment Method for Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Similar Neurological Muscle Diseases.

The project is entirely original to the author. It proposes the theory of a method under development aimed at treating SMA and other related neurological muscle disorders The study will utilize a 14-channel EEG device to analyze brain data. The brain signals recorded by this device will be transmitted to the patient's muscles, potentially restoring functions lost in SMA patients. These functions include coughing, swallowing, breathing, chewing, walking, and movements of the hands, arms, and other muscles. By using this EEG device, brain signals can be visualized as waves, and its specialized software allows users to manipulate objects on a computer screen with thought alone. The system also simulates facial movements and expressions on-screen

Comprehensive Review of Molluscum Contagiosum in Children: Prevalence, Transmission, Clinical Features, and FDA-Approved Treatments

Background: Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common viral skin infection affecting school-aged children, with a prevalence of 2-8%. Although self-limited, MC often requires active management to prevent spread, scarring, and to address cosmetic and social concerns. Traditional treatments have various complications, and currently, only topical berdazimer gel and cantharidin are approved by the FDA. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to assess the prevalence, transmission, clinical presentation, complications, and treatment options for MC. The review included studies from various geographic regions, focusing on both physical and chemical treatment methods, as well as newer FDA-approved therapies. Results: MC is most prevalent in children aged 2-5, with no gender-specific differences. The infection manifests as skin-colored, dome-shaped papules, primarily on exposed skin. Complications include school exclusion, social isolation, and secondary infections. Treatment options vary widely in efficacy and safety. Physical treatments like curettage and cryotherapy are effective but can cause scarring and discomfort. Chemical treatments, including potassium hydroxide and cantharidin, offer non-invasive alternatives but have side effects. Newer treatments like topical berdazimer gel and cantharidin solution are promising due to their ease of use and lower complication rates. Conclusion: MC is a significant infection in children, often necessitating treatment due to its complications. While traditional treatments have notable drawbacks, FDA-approved topical therapies, berdazimer gel, and cantharidin, provide effective and safer options. Further research is needed to optimize treatment protocols and minimize adverse effects.

Impact of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) to the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBP) during water/wastewater treatment: A review

Disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation during water and wastewater treatment is a concern for public health and environmental preservation. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) serves as a recognized precursor to DBP formation, which can potentially jeopardize human health. This review article offers a comprehensive insight into DON's influence on DBP formation during water and wastewater treatment processes. It delves into DON's sources, properties, and concentrations in water and wastewater, underlining the variability dependent on water source and environmental conditions. The mechanisms of DBP formation from DON, encompassing formation pathways and influencing factors, are meticulously examined. Different treatment methods, like chlorination, ozonation, and UV disinfection, are carefully examined to see how they affect the formation of DON and DBP. Factors that sway DON's impact on DBP formation are also explored. The review also presents various DBP reduction techniques, spanning physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods, their efficacy in curtailing DON's influence, and their potential pros and cons. It addresses challenges, outlines future research directions, identifies knowledge gaps, and highlights the necessity for regulatory measures and policies, providing recommendations for prospective research avenues. It is clear from this in-depth review that more research is needed to understand how DON affects the formation of DBP entirely. It is also essential to protect human health and the environment and follow the rules first when treating wastewater. In conclusion, it analyzes DON's part in forming DBP in water and wastewater treatment. This emphasizes the need for ongoing research and mitigation strategies to protect public health and water quality.

. Water disinfection through ultraviolet radiation and ultrasonic treatment

The article deals with features and possibilities of using physical methods of ultraviolet radiation and ultrasonic treatment for disinfecting contaminated waters. The conclusions about the ineffectiveness of these methods in terms of high energy consumption, the lack of synergistic effects, and the danger of destruction of technical devices from their impacts are analyzed. The review of the recent Russian and foreign studies has revealed the effectiveness of disinfecting industrial wastewater from various pathogenic organisms using ultraviolet and ultrasonic impacts. It is concluded that a combination of these methods in water treatment gives positive results.

Application of Some Physical Seed Treatment Methods to Increase Germination of the Genus Catalpa Scop.

To increase the production volume of planting material for ornamental plants in the conditions of Central Kazakhstan, the selection of pre-sowing treatment methods for seed material becomes relevant. The use of safe and effective germination activators accelerates the biological processes of plant growth. The aim of the research was to study the impact of physical methods on the germination of Catalpa speciosa seeds as relatively safe methods of seed material activation. The seed treatment was carried out in three ways: the effect of laser irradiation, magnetic fields for 24, 72 hours, and twenty-four-hour aeration. A different response of seedlings to physical factors of influence was noted. The effect of the magnetic field allowed to increase germination by an average of 10 % compared to the control group. The impact of laser irradiation for 1‒4 minutes on the growth of Catalpa speciosa seedlings was less significant. Aeration had a positive effect on the energy of seed germination. Thus, to increase the germination of seedlings during early sowings of Catalpa speciosa seeds, it is promising to use the influence of the magnetic field and aeration.

РОБОТИЗАЦИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ

Increasing labor productivity at agricultural engineering enterprises in modern conditions is impossible without the use of robots, which should replace human labor in technological operations with dangerous and harmful production processes. (Research purpose) The research purpose is evaluating the use of robotics by enterprises of the agricultural machinery industry in the production. (Materials and methods) Conducted an assessment of the use of robotics tools when visiting enterprises in the agricultural engineering industry. (Results and discussion) It has been established that for a sustainable presence and strengthening of their positions in the market, companies producing agricultural machinery are increasing the volume of research and development work on the designs and production technologies of modern machines. It was noted that an increase in labor productivity in modern conditions is impossible without the use of robots, which are designed to replace human labor at work with harmful and dangerous production factors in procurement, when cleaning blanks, with thermal and physical methods of surface treatment of products made of various materials, when painting, as well as in order to reduce defects. It was determined that the use of robotization tools by enterprises of the agricultural machinery industry does not exceed three percent of the total volume of technological operations performed. Robotics tools are used mainly in welding operations. Loading and unloading, replacement of working tools on numerically controlled machines, as well as many other technological operations remain practically not covered. (Conclusions) The conducted studies have shown that machine-building companies have large reserves for using robotics tools in performing technological operations in order to reduce production costs and increase labor productivity. As measures to support the introduction of robots into production, grants are allocated by the Russian Digital Economy and Skolkovo foundations, preferential loans through the industrial development Fund "Digitalization of Industry".

Application of vacuum-laser therapy in complex treatment of chronic gingivitis

The high prevalence of chronic forms of gingivitis among young individuals is an urgent problem of modern dentistry, the solution of which requires new approaches and methods. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the clinical and functional state of the periodontium at the initial inflammatory processes in the tissues and its correction using physical methods of treatment. Clinical examination, index assessment, laser Doppler flowmetry, and video registration of vacuum test in a patient with chronic gingivitis revealed an increase in gingival capillary resistance and improvement of microcirculation in the periodontium at the end of vacuum therapy combined with exposure to laser radiation of red wavelength on periodontal tissues in the complex of standard treatment measures. The results of the functional methods of research after the end of physical influence on periodontal tissues are confirmed by the decrease of bleeding and increase of oral hygiene level according to the clinical instrumental examination and by the absence of patient complaints. Thus, the clinical case demonstrates the promising application of vacuum-laser therapy in the complex treatment of chronic gingivitis.

Invasive Aquatic Plants as Potential Sustainable Feedstocks for Biochar Production and as an Innovative Approach for Wastewater Treatment

Biochar (BC) is a well-established physical treatment method. The high-cost BC limits their use as adsorbents in wastewater. Thus, deriving BC from cheap and locally available waste materials is needed to develop a feasible waste removal technology. Nowadays, BC technology makes it possible to envision a new strategy to manage invasive plants by converting them into value-added products like BC. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the potential utilization of BC as an efficient filter medium made by invasive aquatic plants, Salvinia spp., and Eichhornia spp. A mass of 50 g of prepared activated and nonactivated BC was incorporated in a sand and gravel filter to treat rubber-manufactured wastewater. Wastewater was passed through the filter, and both raw and treated water samples were analyzed for pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), Ammoniacal-Nitrogen (NH3-N), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Phosphates (TP), Nitrate (NO3-N), turbidity and heavy metals (Zinc, Chromium). The control filter was developed only with sand and gravel, excluding BC. Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze BC’s chemical and physical characteristics. A brine shrimp lethality assay was carried out for toxicological evaluation. OH stretching (3,550-3,200 cm−1), C=C aromatic stretching (1400-1660 cm−1), and Phenol-O-H bending (1,300-1,400 cm−1) were recorded in all BC samples that involved the adsorption mechanism. Observed images indicated differences in surface morphology of both activated and nonactivated BC were observed under SEM observation. The study concludes that the filter unit incorporated with activated Eichhornia spp. Gave the best treatment efficiency when compared to filter units incorporated with other activated and nonactivated BC. The toxicity assay revealed 100% mortality in the control setup and raw wastewater but only 60–70% in the nonactivated BC integrated filters. Activated BC-incorporated filters showed no mortalities. Hence, the study’s outcomes suggest a green approach using invasive aquatic plants for sustainable wastewater treatment.

Thermodynamic and structural investigation of oily wastewater treatment using peach kernel and walnut shell based activated carbon.

Despite the many articles about activated carbon with different precursors in adsorption process, no in-depth research has been carried out to understand the causes of the difference in surface adsorption characteristics of activated carbon with different precursors and different activation processes. In this work, the ability of two active carbon adsorbents made of walnut shell and peach kernel by two chemical and physical methods (totally 4 different types of activated carbon) in treatment of oily wastewater including diesel, gasoline, used oil or engine lubricant has been compared. The results show that the chemical activated peach carbon active with 97% hardness has provided the highest hardness and physical activated walnut carbon active has obtained the lowest hardness value (87%). It is also found that peach activated carbon has a higher iodine number than walnut activated carbon, and this amount can be increased using chemical methods; Therefore, the highest amount of Iodine Number is related to Peach activated carbon that is made by chemical method (1230 mg/g), and the lowest amount of iodine number is seen in walnut activated carbon that is made by physical method (1020 mg/g). moreover, the pore diameter of physical activated carbon is lower than chemical activated carbon in all cases. So that the pore diameter of chemical activated peach carbon active is equal to 22.08 μm and the measured pore diameter of physical activated peach carbon active is equal to 20.42 μm. These values for walnut are obtained as 22.74 μm and 21.86 μm, respectively. Furthermore, the temperature and pH effects on the adsorption of different synthesized oily wastewater was studied and it was found that a decrease in adsorption can be seen with an increase in temperature or decreasing the pH value, which can be referred to this fact that the process of adsorption is an exothermic process. Finally, to analyze the compatibility of adsorption isotherms with experimental data and to predict the adsorption process, three different isotherms named Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich isotherms were applied and their parameters were correlated. The correlation results show that the Langmuir isotherm had the best correlation in all cases compared to the Freundlich and Temkin isotherms, based on the correlation coefficient, and the calculated R2 values which was greater than 0.99 in all the studied cases.

A Comprehensive Approach to Azo Dichlorotriazine Dye Treatment: Assessing the Impact of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Treatment Methods through Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data

This exploration investigates integrated treatment systems combining advanced oxidation processes (Fenton and photo-Fenton) with biological methods for the effective elimination of stubborn organic compounds in simulated textile wastewater composed of azo Dichlorotriazine dye. A comprehensive optimization of key process factors including catalyst dosage, hydrogen peroxide quantity, irradiation duration, etc. was systematically conducted for both Fenton and photo-Fenton processes to realize maximum COD and color removal. Under ideal conditions (0.4 g/L photocatalyst, 1 mL/L H2O2, and 75-Watt UV intensity for 60 min), the photo-Fenton process realized 80% COD elimination and complete decolorization, meeting industrial discharge limits without needing extra biological treatment. Statistical models correlating process parameters to treatment efficiency were developed, giving important design insights. For Fenton, effluent COD exceeded discharge thresholds, so a post-biological treatment using activated sludge was essential to comply with regulations. This integrated Fenton–biological scheme utilizes synergism between chemical and biological processes for enhanced overall treatment. Notable economic benefits were achieved by photo-Fenton over conventional UV-only and UV/H2O2 methods regarding energy consumption and operating costs. Overall, this pioneering work successfully proves integrated advanced oxidation–biological systems as a superior, sustainable alternative to traditional techniques for economically removing obstinate pollutants, such as azo Dichlorotriazine dye, as it is a simulated textile wastewater treatment used to satisfy environmental standards.

A methodological exploration of distinguishing hair quality based on hair proteomics

Hair is an advantageous biological sample due to its recordable, collectable, and storable nature. Hair's primary components are keratin and keratin-associated proteins. Owing to its abundance of cystine, keratin possesses impressive mechanical strength and chemical stability, formed by creating disulfide bonds as crosslinks within the protein peptide chain. Furthermore, keratin is cross-linked with keratin-associated proteins to create a complex network structure that provides the hair with strength and rigidity. Protein extraction serves as the foundation for hair analysis research. Bleaching hair causes damage to the structure between keratin and keratin-associated proteins, resulting in texture issues and hair breakage. This article outlines various physical treatment methods and lysate analysis that enhance the efficiency of hair protein extraction. The PLEE method achieves a three-fold increase in hair protein extraction efficiency when using a lysis solution containing SDS and combining high temperatures with intense shaking, compared to previous methods found in literature. We utilized the PLEE method to extract hair from both normal and damaged groups. Normal samples identified 156–157 proteins, including 51 keratin and keratin-associated proteins. The damaged group consisted of 155–158 identified proteins, of which 48–50 were keratin and keratin-associated proteins. Bleaching did not cause any notable difference in the protein identification of hair. However, it did reduce coverage of keratin and keratin-associated proteins significantly. Our hair protein extraction method provides extensive coverage of the hair proteome. Our findings indicate that bleaching damage results in subpar hair quality due to reduced coverage of protein primary sequences in keratin and keratin-associated proteins.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭНДОДОНТИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ C УЧЕТОМ ВЫЯВЛЕННОЙ CANDIDA ALBICANS В СИСТЕМЕ КОРНЕВЫХ КАНАЛОВ

The subject of the study was to study the properties of basic means for irrigation and physical methods of influencing the microflora of the root canal system against identified Candida Albicans. The purpose of the work was to review and analyze the features of endodontic dental treatment, taking into account the identified Candida Albicans in the root canal system. A search was conducted in domestic publications and foreign sources for studies containing information on various methods of influencing root canal biofilms during endodontic treatment. A comparison was made of the activity of various irrigants and physical methods of root canal treatment in relation to the identified microflora containing bacteria such as yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida and others. Sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) is a mandatory antiseptic agent included in the recommended endodontic treatment protocol used in modern dentistry. To achieve a successful result, we consider it necessary to perform high-quality mechanical treatment of root canals, competent selection of irrigants, as well as the use of additional physiotherapeutic methods (ultrasound or laser technologies). A bacterioscopic examination of the contents of the root canals was carried out for the presence of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. A temporary exposure of a suspension of the drug “Fluconazole” on a paper point was introduced into the root canals at the first stage of endodontic treatment, and the drug “Fluconazole” was prescribed orally at a dose of 150 mg on the first day. Then, in the absence of exudate or odor in the root canals, as well as confirmation by bacterioscopic examination of the absence of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida, the root canals were filled with permanent material. But despite following all clinical recommendations, in some cases it is not possible to achieve the required effect due to the resistance of biofilms containing Candida albicans, Prevotella melaninogenica, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacteroides fragelis in the root canal system to the effects. Despite the wide variety of endodontic treatment methods and drugs for influencing representatives of the root canal microflora, it is not always possible to achieve complete elimination of biofilm during irrigation and medicinal or physical influence on them. It is especially important to look for ways to modify treatment and make it easier to use and accessible in order to avoid subsequent complications.

Іntensification of ion exchange processes in water supply systems

In today's environment, special attention is paid to various methods of intensifying natural and wastewater treatment processes, improving existing treatment technologies, and introducing new methods and techniques to improve the quality of wastewater treatment and reduce the anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem. It is important to take into account not only the effectiveness of cleaning, but also its environmental friendliness and compliance with modern standards and requirements for environmental protection. This approach helps to ensure the sustainability of ecosystems and preservation of water resources for future generations. The article highlights the issues related to the use of physical methods of water treatment in water supply systems. To intensify the processes of ion exchange in water supply systems, a method of adjusting the mineral composition of natural and waste water using modified ion exchangers is proposed, which involves the simultaneous action of a magnetic field on the ion exchanger and the water to be treated. The use of magnetic modification of ion exchangers allows to increase the productivity of water treatment facilities by an average of 25-30%, with the receipt of filtrate of the required quality, to increase the duration of the filter cycle, to reduce the consumption of regenerative solutions, which indicates an increase in the efficiency of water treatment as a result of the use of magnetic modification. An increase in the dynamic volume capacity of ion exchangers by 15-20% was found, which indicates an improvement in ion exchange capacity due to the intensification of ion exchange processes in water supply systems. The intensification of ion exchange processes during the adjustment of the mineral composition of natural and wastewater using a magnetic field is determined by the following main factors: the effect of the magnetic field on the structure and properties of water filtered through the ionite and the effect of the magnet field on the activity and mobility of the exchanged ions, their diffusion and hydration, ion-exchange equilibrium, and other factors.

Chemical engineering and the circular water economy: Simulations for sustainable water management in environmental systems

In the face of escalating water scarcity and environmental degradation, the imperative for sustainable water management has never been more urgent. Chemical engineering emerges as a pivotal discipline in the pursuit of solutions to these pressing challenges. This review explores the role of chemical engineering in advancing the circular water economy paradigm through simulations aimed at fostering sustainable water management within environmental systems. The circular water economy concept advocates for the efficient utilization, recycling, and reclamation of water resources to minimize waste and maximize resource efficiency. Chemical engineering techniques play a fundamental role in realizing this vision through the design and optimization of water treatment processes, resource recovery systems, and advanced simulation methodologies. This review delves into the application of computational simulations within the realm of chemical engineering to model and analyze various aspects of the water cycle. Such simulations enable the assessment of complex environmental systems, aiding in the identification of optimal strategies for water resource allocation, pollution control, and ecosystem preservation. Key areas of focus include the simulation of wastewater treatment processes, such as biological, physical, and chemical treatment methods, to enhance pollutant removal efficiency and promote water reuse. Furthermore, advanced modeling techniques facilitate the evaluation of innovative technologies like membrane filtration, adsorption, and electrochemical processes for the purification and desalination of water resources. Moreover, chemical engineering simulations enable the assessment of integrated water management strategies, encompassing aspects of urban water systems, industrial processes, and agricultural practices. By considering the interconnectedness of various sectors, holistic approaches to water resource management can be formulated, promoting resilience and sustainability in the face of changing environmental conditions. The integration of chemical engineering simulations into the framework of the circular water economy offers a promising avenue for advancing sustainable water management practices. Through comprehensive modeling and analysis, informed decision-making can pave the way towards a more resilient and equitable water future, ensuring the long-term viability of our environmental systems.

Magnetic field application in bone tissue regeneration: issue current status and prospects for method development

Relevance. Magnets have long been used to treat various diseases, especially in inflammatory processes. According to existing historical data, magnetotherapy was already used in ancient times by the Chinese, Egyptians and Greeks. Different magnetic field strengths affect cells in different ways, with medium-strength magnetic fields being the most widely used. The review presents a brief history and current state of the issue of using a magnetic field in bone tissue regeneration. Modern knowledge about the mechanisms of physiological and reparative regeneration, restoration of bone tissue is clarified, and modern areas of bone tissue engineering are considered, taking into account the characteristics of microcirculation and the effect of a magnetic field on the physiology of bone tissue and reparative regeneration. One of the key findings of the review is that the magnetic field improves bone tissue repair by influencing the metabolic behavior of cells. Studies show that magnetotherapy promotes the activation of cellular processes, accelerates the formation of new bone tissue and improves its quality. It is also noted that the magnetic field has a positive effect on microcirculation, improving the blood supply to tissues and facilitating a better supply of nutrients to the site of injury. This contributes to faster wound healing and early rehabilitation of patients. Conclusion. Magnetotherapy is one of the effective physical and rehabilitation methods of treatment that will become increasingly important in modern medicine. However, further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms of action of a magnetic field on bone tissue and to determine the optimal parameters for its application.