Physical Media Research Articles

The physicality of representation

Representation is typically taken to be importantly separate from its physical implementation. This is exemplified in Marr’s three-level framework, widely cited and often adopted in neuroscience. However, the separation between representation and physical implementation is not a necessary feature of information-processing systems. In particular, when it comes to analog computational systems, Marr’s representational/algorithmic level and implementational level collapse into a single level. Insofar as analog computation is a better way of understanding neural computation than other notions, Marr’s three-level framework must then be amended into a two-level framework. However, far from being a problem or limitation, this sheds lights on how to understand physical media as being representational, but without a separate, medium-independent representational level.

Relationship between temperature and road traffic noise under actual conditions of continuous vehicle flow

This paper focuses on studying the influence of temperature on the sound pressure level of tire-road noise emission using continuous environmental noise measurements. In situ noise measurements were performed next to a primary road under free flowing traffic where tire‐road noise emission dominates, while simultaneously monitoring the air and pavement temperature. The broadband results showed a variation in noise level with temperature, with a ratio of −0.058 ± 0.007 dBA/°C for the pavement temperature and −0.161 ± 0.020 dBA/°C for the air temperature. A 1/3 octave band analysis revealed a decrease in sound level with increasing temperature in the fundamental bands of road traffic noise emission, and similar behaviour and values to that observed in the broadband analysis. The physical media in which temperature is measured appears to be important. Several implications may arise from this work in regard to reference standards for noise evaluation, calculation and measurement.

Development of Simple Teaching Aid on Resonance Topic Using Audacity Software as Learning Media

This study aims to develop a simple prop of resonance topic using audacity software. The research was conducted based on the model from Borg and Gall, which involved only five main steps: analyzing the developed product, developing the initial product, expert validation and revision, small-scale field trials and revisions, and large-scale trials and final products. The small-scale and large-scale feasibility tests were given to 29 students of SMAN 5 Palu Class XI IPA6. The product quality data obtained were analyzed using a descriptive analysis from quantitative data into qualitative, then the average quality score was processed using category criteria. In the analysis results, the overall average score of media experts is 2.97, categorized as “Good”. The overall average score from material experts was 3.33, categorized as “Very Good”. While the average analysis result of the overall small-scale trials was 3.35, categorized as “Very Good”, and the result of the overall large-scale trials was 3.39, categorized as “Very Good”. The overall average score obtained in the transformation in table 2 shows that the simple teaching aid on resonance topic using the Audacity software developed by the researcher was feasible to be used as a medium for learning physics in the classroom.

Identifying students’ difficulty in the basic of thermodynamics

Conceptual understanding is one of the main topics in physics educational research. It is important as the basic of other ability in education, such as argumentation, making scientific explanation and problem solving. This survey study aims to identify students’ difficulty to understand the basic of thermodynamics. There are 128 first year undergraduate students as the participants of the study. The data collection method is test. Result of the study shows that isobaric process of ideal gas and mechanical equilibrium state concepts are the most difficult concepts. Some difficulties are found in understanding the basic of thermodynamics: (1) because of the presence of higher cognitive load while solving conceptual problems, (2) when the question demands other ability, especially mathematical ability, to solve the conceptual problem, (3) because of students’ disability to integrate the knowledge. This study could be used to develop learning instruction or media in basic physics or introduction of thermodynamics course.

Sustainability in the Design of an Itinerant Cultural Exhibition. Study of Two Alternatives

The sustainability improvement of museums and exhibitions is a recent concern for multiple organisations. The application of sustainability criteria is one of the most important strategies of innovation in design activities, products, and service systems. This study analyses the sustainability of two alternatives to an itinerant cultural exhibition service. The exhibition travels to 12 destinations over 3 years and is within a space of 300 m2. In the first alternative, the contents are printed and exposed on a physical medium, and in the second, audiovisual media projects the contents on the walls. Life cycle sustainability assessment is applied to evaluate the impacts in the environmental dimension and the economic and social dimensions. The calculation of indicators, such as the greenhouse gas emissions, total costs, and working time, which are referred to each sustainability dimension, is conducted. A descriptive, comparative study was performed to identify the impact factors with a higher incidence. The results demonstrate that the audiovisual exhibition is more sustainable than the printed exhibition, with a difference of 8.7%, 7%, and 6.6% in GWP100, CE, and TW indicators, respectively.

Preference for Material Products in Identity‐Based Consumption

Only a few years ago, people interested in novels or movies had no choice but to use physical media such as books or DVDs. Technological advances allowed dematerializing these products, making consumption instantly accessible with a download. The trend towards dematerialization has been steady across product domains, and recent confinement measures might further accelerate it. We investigate how preferences for dematerialized products depend on people’s identity motives in consumption. In a series of studies, we find that the identity relevance of a product increases the appeal of its physical versions. Even when the hedonic experience is identical (e.g., watching a movie), material products are better tools for consumers to self‐verify (i.e., provide better feedback to consumers about the identity which is implicated in consumption). As a result, identity‐motivated consumers are more likely to forgo the benefits of dematerialization. This finding has implications for our understanding of digitized consumption and for the marketing of media products.

Implementation of Enhance Confix Stripping Stemmer Algorithm for Multiclass Dataset Classification in News Text using K-Nearest Neighbor

Needs for news information has increased since the change from physical media to online media. News is grouped according to categories to making it easier for readers to get the news as desired. Grouping to determine the category of news information is known as text classification. The number of words in the news text create diversity of words that appear and can be minimized by the stemming process, which is changing an affixed word into its root word. This study comparing between use of stemming and without stemming and finding the best value of K and optimum distance calculation of K-Nearest Neighbor. The best accuracy is 0.9671 which is obtained when stemming algorithm not applied, number of K=9 and cosine distance is used as distance metric. This result is greater than the classification that applies stemming algorithm in condition K=7 using cosine distance which resulted accuracy in 0.9660.

Virtual Microscopic Simulation (VMS) for physics learning of the photoelectric effect in high school

The photoelectric effect is a physics concept that is often considered difficult by students because it contains abstract and microscopic concepts. So we need a medium that can visualize the concept of particle wave dualism on the photoelectric effect phenomenon microscopically. This study aims to produce “Virtual Microscopic Simulation (VMS)” as a medium for learning physics on the topic of the photoelectric effect in high school. The research method used is Research and Development with a 4D model (Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate). Validation of media feasibility has been carried out by several experts covering aspects of content and media with an average score of 77.2% and 75.7% with good categories. Based on the results of the expert validation test, it can be concluded that VMS can visualize the photoelectric effect process that is suitable for use as a medium for learning physics for students in high school.

Augmented Reality Geometrical Optics (AR-GiOs) for Physics Learning in High Schools

This study aims to produce “Augmented Reality Geometrical Optics (AR-GiOs)” as a medium for physics learning for geometrical optics in high school. The method used in this study is the Research and Development method with the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate). AR-GiOs was developed to facilitate students in learning the concept of image formation and image properties of mirrors and lenses. AR-GiOs can display four 3D simulations, including 3D simulations of the image formation process by a concave mirror, a convex mirror, a concave lens, and a convex lens. In addition to AR, in this study, a worksheet was also developed to guide student learning activities and valuable as a marker. The results of product validation covering the material and media aspects got a very good average score (84% and 90%). Based on the results of the expert validation test, it can be concluded that AR-GiOs is suitable for use as a medium for learning physics in high school.

Validasi Emodul Fisika SMA Berbasis Inquiry Based Learning Terintegrasi Mitigasi Bencana Kekeringan

West Sumatra is one area that has the potential to be hit by drought. Prolonged drought has an impact on crop failure of agricultural land and decreased food reserves and can affect national food stability. An understanding of drought disasters can be provided through drought disaster mitigation and included in learning media used in schools. One of the learning media that supports learning from home to avoid the current Covid-19 pandemic is the e-module. The general purpose of this research is to produce an e-module based on physics-based inquiry-based integrated learning drought mitigation to improve the competence of students with valid, practical, and effective criteria. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D). The e-module development refers to the Plomp development model. The Plomp development model consists of three stages, the preliminary research phase, the development or prototyping phase, and the assessment phase. The data of this research are needs analysis data, validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The assessment instruments are questionnaires, analysis sheets, validation sheets, practicality sheets, self-assessment sheets, objective questions, and performance appraisal sheets. The data analysis techniques used are preliminary research analysis, validity analysis, practicality analysis, and effectiveness analysis. The result of the research is an inquiry-based learning-based high school physics e-module that integrates drought disaster mitigation to increase the competence of students with valid, practical, and effective criteria. The research implies that the integrated high school physics e-module based on Inquiry-based learning on drought mitigation can be used as a medium for learning physics in high school so that teachers have a variety of learning media.

A Zigbee Based Framework for Low Power Voice Communication System

IEEE standard 802.15.4 defines two layers for low rate WPANs, which are physical layer and media access control layer, which restrict the data rate to 250 kbps. This alliance took low level PHY and MAC layers as the base for the development of the network protocol, security and application for the Zigbee. To solve the Problem of reduce cost and power consumption to make this technology easily available for common crowd. This system shows the total working details of the network, i.e., wireless voice communication. This work has been done to reduce the cost of entire production of such devices that contributes in home automation system and similar projects. The main objective of the research was to transfer voice over low-power micro-controller such as 8-bit micro-controller by the implementation of Zigbee.

Cloud-Based NAS (Network Attached Storage) Analysis as an Infrastructure as A Service (IAAS) Using Open Source NAS4FREE and Owncloud

At this time, computer systems and networks are an essential part of human life. The number can see this of computer users in the office or on campus, and at school. This need has reached a relatively large number. To access data, many computer users in the network continue to increase, impacting the selection of servers, and large data storage media is necessary. Currently, the storage media that is often used to store data still uses physical media such as hard disks, flash disks that are virus-prone and easy to lose. Another problem also arises when physical storage has a relatively high price compared to cloud storage that can be accessed anywhere when needed.

Ritual

Ritual

New Standards Initiatives on Ultrawideband [Standards

The IEEE 802.15 Working Group on Wireless Specialty Networks is a working group of the IEEE 802 LAN/ MAN Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society. It is chartered to develop interoperability standards addressing wireless networking for emerging Internet of Things applications. Among the many standards the working group has been developing, IEEE 802.15.4, IEEE Standard for LowRate Wireless Networks, is one of the popular ones whose technology is used for many different higher-layer standards, such as ZigBee, Wireless Highway Addressable Remote Transducer (HART), and 6LoWPAN. IEEE 802.15.4 defines the physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) sublayer specifications for low-data-rate, low-power, and lowcomplexity wireless connectivity with fixed, portable, and moving devices with no or very limited battery consumption requirements. In addition, it defines operating modes that support precision ranging capability, which can be accurate to 1 m.

33⅓ rpm

33⅓ rpm

Parental Self-Efficacy-A Predictor of Children's Health Behaviors? Its Impact on Children's Physical Activity and Screen Media Use and Potential Interaction Effect Within a Health Promotion Program.

Insufficient physical activity (PA) and increased screen media use (SMU) can have detrimental effects on children's health. Parental self-efficacy (PSE) can act as an important predictor for a healthy upbringing. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of PSE on children's PA and SMU. Additionally, a moderating effect of PSE on the intervention effect of the health promotion program “Join the Healthy Boat” was examined. Using a prospective randomized controlled trial, 558 kindergarten children (3.6 years [SD = 0.6]) were examined. Data was collected using parental self-report. A significant influence of PSE on children's PA (B = 0.33, p = 0.025) and children's SMU (B = 0.42, p = 0.006) was found. The moderating effect of PSE on the intervention effect was neither significantly related to children's PA (p = 0.360) nor to children's SMU (p = 0.531). This confirms the importance of PSE on children's health development. Despite the lack of a moderating effect, interventions should also promote healthy activity behaviors and self-efficacy for parents in order to engage children in a healthy lifestyle.

Challenges in Sinkhole Attack Detection in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor networks (WSN’s) comprise limited energy small sensor nodes having the ability to monitor the physical conditions and communicate information among the various nodes without requiring any physical medium. Over the last few years, with the rapid advancements in information technology, there has been an increasing interest of various organizations in making the use of wireless sensor networks (WSN’s). The sensor nodes in WSN having limited energy detects an event, collect data and forward this collected data to the base node, called sink node, for further processing and assessment. Few attributes of WSN’s like the energy consumption and lifetime can be impacted by the design and placement of the Sink node. Despite various useful characteristics WSN’s is being considered vulnerable and unprotected. There is a large class of various security attacks that may affect the performance of the system among which sinkhole an adversary attack puts dreadful threats to the security of such networks. Out of various attacks, a sinkhole attack is one of the detrimental types of attacks that brings a compromised node or fabricated node in the network which keeps trying to lures network traffic by advertising its wrong and fake routing update. Sinkhole attacks may have some other serious harmful impacts to exploit the network by launching few other attacks. Some of these attacks are forwarding attacks, selective acknowledge spoofing attacks, and they may drop or modify routing information too. It can also be used to send fake or false information to the base station. This study is analyzing the challenges with sinkhole attacks and exploring the existing available solutions by surveying comparatively which used to detect and mitigate sinkhole attacks in the wireless sensor network.

Challenges in Sinkhole Attack Detection in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor networks (WSN’s) comprise limited energy small sensor nodes having the ability to monitor the physical conditions and communicate information among the various nodes without requiring any physical medium. Over the last few years, with the rapid advancements in information technology, there has been an increasing interest of various organizations in making the use of wireless sensor networks (WSN’s). The sensor nodes in WSN having limited energy detects an event, collect data and forward this collected data to the base node, called sink node, for further processing and assessment. Few attributes of WSN’s like the energy consumption and lifetime can be impacted by the design and placement of the Sink node. Despite various useful characteristics WSN’s is being considered vulnerable and unprotected. There is a large class of various security attacks that may affect the performance of the system among which sinkhole an adversary attack puts dreadful threats to the security of such networks. Out of various attacks, a sinkhole attack is one of the detrimental types of attacks that brings a compromised node or fabricated node in the network which keeps trying to lures network traffic by advertising its wrong and fake routing update. Sinkhole attacks may have some other serious harmful impacts to exploit the network by launching few other attacks. Some of these attacks are forwarding attacks, selective acknowledge spoofing attacks, and they may drop or modify routing information too. It can also be used to send fake or false information to the base station. This study is analyzing the challenges with sinkhole attacks and exploring the existing available solutions by surveying comparatively which used to detect and mitigate sinkhole attacks in the wireless sensor network.

Smoke, Dust, and Blood

Smoke, Dust, and Blood

The generalized Wiener-Hopf equations for wave motion in angular regions: electromagnetic application.

In this work, we introduce a general method to deduce spectral functional equations and, thus, the generalized Wiener–Hopf equations (GWHEs) for wave motion in angular regions filled by arbitrary linear homogeneous media and illuminated by sources localized at infinity with application to electromagnetics. The functional equations are obtained by solving vector differential equations of first order that model the problem. The application of the boundary conditions to the functional equations yields GWHEs for practical problems. This paper shows the general theory and the validity of GWHEs in the context of electromagnetic applications with respect to the current literature. Extension to scattering problems by wedges in arbitrarily linear media in different physics will be presented in future works.