Physical Measurements Research Articles

Social Media Addiction and Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Among Adolescent Girls: A Cross-Sectional Study.

To measure a multivariate analysis of social media addiction and cognitive-behavioral physical activity associated with several sociodemographic characteristics in adolescent girls. A cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of adolescent girls studying in a vocational high-school in the Middle-Black-Sea region in Türkiye (n = 333). A questionnaire, Social Media Addiction Scale-for-Adolescents (SMAS-A), and Cognitive-Behavioral Physical Activity Questionnaire (CBPAQ) were used to collect the data. The mean age was 15.35(SD=1.15), and 29.4% were the ninth-class students. Of the adolescent girls, 85.9% were social-media users, 59.8% used the internet 2-hours-or-more/daily, 67.9% declared themselves as moderately-active. The mean scores of the SMAS-A and the CBPAQ were 3.40 (SD=1.61) and 21.03(SD=7.64), respectively. There was a significantly-negative correlation between cognitive-behavioral physical activity and social-media addiction levels. The One-Way MANOVA results showed significant differences in the academic level, family income, mother education, and physical activity measurement application usage affected to cognitive-behavioral physical activity. Social media usage habit affected to the social media addiction level. Daily internet usage time and self-declared physical activity level were the mutually affected factors. School nurses should act to improve healthy social media usage habits to promote well-being and encourage the positive attitudes towards regular physical activity in this population.

Selective oxidation and removal of hydrocarbons from carbon nanotubes using reactive yttrium films

Wrapping polymers are useful for sorting high purity suspensions of semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in organic solvents, but for many microelectronic applications the wroapping polymer needs to be removed. Coating wrapped CNTs with yttrium metal, followed by oxidation and removal with dilute aqueous acid, has been used to etch wrapping polymer, but the mechanism, selectivity, extent of etching, and range of conditions over which etching occurs have not been reported. We use spectroscopic and physical measurements to characterize this process on thin films of an archetypical conjugated wrapping polymer (PFO-BPy), its amorphous char residue, CNTs (average diameter 1.5 nm), graphene, and other organic films. Exposure of a yttrium overcoated film of PFO-BPy to ambient air at 20 °C oxidizes a ∼0.5 nm layer of polymer, forming carbonate, carboxylate, and/or carbonyl groups that dissolve in dilute acid. Thicker layers of polymer are removed by repeated cycles. Similar results are observed for other organic films at 20 °C whereas CNTs and graphene are unaltered, providing the selectivity needed to remove carbon-based contaminants from sp2 carbon based nanostructures. Increasing temperature to 250 °C increases polymer oxidation and removal to ∼2.5 nm per cycle; however, the CNTs and graphene are damaged.

Influence of physical activity measurement on the association between Life’s Essential 8 and incident cardiovascular disease in older women

ObjectiveThe American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) metric includes self-reported physical activity as one of the metrics for assessing cardiovascular health. Self-reported physical activity is prone to misclassification, whereas accelerometer measures are less biased. We examined associations of LE8 and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) using self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity. MethodsParticipants in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study (n = 4,243; mean age = 79 ± 7 years) with no CVD history completed the WHI physical activity questionnaire and the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire prior to wearing a hip-worn accelerometer for up to seven days in 2012–2014. LE8 components (physical activity, diet, sleep, body mass index, smoking, blood pressure, non-HDL cholesterol, and glucose) were scored according to guidelines. Scores were created using five physical activity measures: WHI questionnaire (LE8WHI), CHAMPS (LE8CHAMPS), accelerometer-measured physical activity (LE8A), and sample quantiles of accelerometer-measured physical activity (LE8AQ) and daily steps (LE8STEPS). Hazard ratios (HR) for physician-adjudicated CVD were estimated using Cox regression. Results707 incident CVD events occurred over an average 7.5 years. Multivariable HRs (95 % CI) comparing women in the highest vs. lowest quartiles of LE8 scores were: LE8WHI = 0.53 (0.43–0.67), LE8CHAMPS = 0.47 (0.38–0.60), LE8A = 0.44 (0.36–0.56), LE8AQ = 0.44 (0.35–0.55), and LE8STEPS = 0.45 (0.35–0.57). ConclusionsThe LE8-incident CVD association varies by physical activity measurement, however all methods showed reduced risk. Device-measures of physical activity may be more accurate in the LE8, but when impractical to implement, also support use of self-reported measures.

A pilot randomised controlled trial of a multidomain lifestyle intervention for outpatients with chronic or severe mental illness

Lifestyle-related problems are common in people with mental illness, contributing to a decreased life expectancy and high societal and personal burden. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness on recovery of a multidomain lifestyle intervention in patients with severe or chronic mental illnesses. Twenty transdiagnostic outpatients were 1:1 randomised in intervention or control. The lifestyle intervention consisted of 11 three-hour group sessions about physical activity, nutrition, relaxation, sleep, substance use, and purpose and meaning. Self-report questionnaires, physical measurements, diary questions, and accelerometers were administered at baseline, halfway and post intervention. Outcomes included attrition, retention rates, protocol deviations, quantitative evaluations and effectiveness. Both the intervention and research protocol appeared feasible and acceptable, with relaxation, purpose and meaning and nutrition as highest appreciated themes. Intervention simplification and deepening was necessary to suit the heterogeneous participants. Preliminary effects were found in all recovery domains, with biggest effects in societal recovery and smallest effects in clinical recovery. To prevent dropout and match the outpatient population, small intervention adaptations are recommended. Effects can be expected in all domains of recovery and should be measured accordingly. Research with greater sample sizes is necessary.

Field-based physical fitness assessment in preschool children in China

BackgroundPhysical fitness in the preschool years is considered a marker of current and future health. Therefore, understanding physical fitness levels of preschool children is necessary. Furthermore, the use of field-based methods to measure physical fitness is essential for assessing children in authentic venues such as schools. Hence, the main purpose of this study was to describe the physical fitness of Chinese preschool children across field-based methods considering a statement of confidence intervals for reference in physical fitness in each age and genders.MethodsA total of 619 children (296 boys and 323 girls) aged 3–6 years old from China participated in the present study. Physical fitness was measured using the Chinese National Physical Fitness Measurement (CNPFM-Pre) battery, which included the tennis ball throw (upper-limb muscular strength), standing long jump (lower-limb muscular strength), shuttle run test (speed-agility), double-leg timed hop (coordination), sit-and-reach (flexibility), and balance beam test (dynamic balance).ResultsThe results revealed significant differences in gender for standing long jump (SLJ; η2 = 0.012, p = 0.007), tennis ball throw (TT; η2 = 0.081, p < 0.001), sit-and-reach (SR; η2 = 0.114, p < 0.001), and one-legged stance test (OST; η2 = 0.037, p < 0.001). Age had positive effects on all physical fitness performance tests, as the shuttle run test (η2 = 0.672, p < 0.001), SLJ (η2 = 0.513, p < 0.001), TT (η2 = 0.394, p < 0.001), double-legged timed hop test (DTH; η2 = 0.445, p < 0.001), SR (η2 = 0.069, p < 0.001), balance beam test (BBT; η2 = 0.367, p < 0.001), and OST (η2 = 0.336, p < 0.001). Older preschool children performed better than their younger counterparts in all the tests. No significant interactions between age groups and gender were found.ConclusionsThis study provided age- and gender-specific physical fitness performance data in Chinese preschool children. Gender differences in physical fitness tests performance already exists at the preschool age. All physical fitness component results increased with age in this cohort. These findings can help healthcare, physical education, and pediatric professionals understand the physical fitness development of preschool children at different ages and help design sports tasks for preschool boys and girls.

Performance of SARC-F and SARC-CalF scores to predict risk of mortality in hemodialysis patients: a cohort study

This study aimed to evaluate the association between the questionnaires SARC-F and SARC-CalF with risk of mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). A cohort study, with patients on HD age ≥ 18 years, both sex, between June 2019 and April 2023. Body composition (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance), muscle functional (handgrip strength and gait speed), screening of sarcopenia using the SARC-F and SARC-CalF, nutritional status and laboratory data were assessed. Follow-up for mortality up to 47 months. The sample consisted of 243 participants and the prevalence of risk of sarcopenia using SARC-F and SARC-CalF were 30% and 45%, respectively; 65 died for all reasons and three patients were censored due to transplantation. Multivariate analysis identified SARC-CalF as predictor of mortality in HD patients [hazard ratio 1.96; 95% CI (1.01–3.79); p = 0.04]. The survival analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the survival curves among the groups stratified by SARC-F and SARC-CalF for log-rank test. A higher specificity was found for SARC-CalF than SARC-F (80% vs. 77%) in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Both questionnaires were associated with anthropometric, parameters of body composition, physical measurements, and SARC-CalF was predictor of risk for mortality in HD patients.

Optimizing a small room for critical listening with Treble

This work presents a detailed validation of new software Treble launched in 2023 that hybridizes the discontinuous Galerkin method and pressure-based geometrical acoustics methods. We investigated a small studio for voice productions both through physical measurements and treble's room acoustic simulations. By employing a dense measurement grid with a spacing of 25 cm at the ear level, a comprehensive validation of the room acoustic simulation was conducted in terms of room impulse responses, transfer functions, ISO 3382 acoustic parameters and sound pressure level distribution. Treble's simulation successfully predict the room modes, ISO 3382 acoustic parameters as well as the sound level distribution. The study demonstrates the impact of speaker positions, particularly regarding their interaction with boundary surfaces and how this can be planned with the simulation.

Optimisation strategies for indoor acoustic environment in Elderly apartments from a multi-sensory perspective

As ageing intensifies, the perceptual evaluation of the elderly is increasingly valued. Research has shown that appropriate soundscape can have a positive effect on environmental perception, but current soundscape design in elderly apartments pays more attention to auditory perception and often neglects the comprehensive impact of multi-sensory. This study was conducted in two elderly apartments in Wuxi and Jinan through physical environment measurements, comparative experiments and questionnaires. The study tested the indoor physical environment and collected the elderly's perceptual evaluation of each physical environment index. Combined with acoustic and olfactory environment comparative experiments, the study proposed strategies for optimising indoor acoustic and olfactory environment to meet the comfort level of the Chinese elderly. The participants were aged 70-90 years old and about 100 questionnaires were obtained. The results of the study found that the acoustic environment of elderly apartments, which is mainly based on natural sound, better enhances elderly's perceptual evaluation of the indoor environment; there are differences in the physical environment needs of older people for different functional rooms.; comfortable odours significantly enhance elderly's overall evaluation of the environment; and different physical environment indexes interact with elderly's perception.

A pilot study: developing acoustic model for immersive environment

In the landscape of higher education in Malaysia, the adoption of immersive technologies still in its infancy, particularly within the field of building science education. This research endeavors to elevate the learning experiences of Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) concepts, with a specific focus on lighting and acoustics. The ongoing study seeks to revolutionize current learning methodologies by converting traditional modules into an immersive virtual environment, offering learners an interactive, and sensory-rich experience with the subject matter. To ensure the effectiveness of the acoustic immersive environment, this paper prioritizes the initial step of developing the acoustic simulation model. In an early pilot study, on-site measurements of sound pressure levels were recorded at various points within a basic classroom setting and an acoustic model will be developed subsequently. Consequently, the alignment between the developed acoustic model and real-world physical measurements establishes a solid foundation for the subsequent calibration process, during which the acoustic model will be tailored to meet VR-ready specifications delve into immersive environment model. This finding ensures a seamless transition of real-world acoustic conditions into the virtual realm, amplifying the authenticity and educational impact of the VR learning experience, thereby contributing to the advancement of immersive technologies in higher education.

COMPUTER DIAGNOSTICS OF THE CONDITION OF SHIP ROLLING BEARINGS DURING THEIR OPERATION

The results of statistical processing of vibration signals obtained during diagnostics of ship power plants during the operation process are offered. A distinctive feature of monitoring the technical condition of elements of ship power plants is the uncertainty in the fixation and duration of extreme loads. The peculiarity of computer vibration diagnostics of rotary mechanisms is determined, which is that, in particular, physical measurements of vibration signals require their use in mathematical models of the physical state of the bearing. Calculations of statistical characteristics of vibration signals in the time domain, such as standard deviation (Std), asymmetry (Skewness), kurtosis (Kurtosis), full range of oscillations (Peak2Peak), root mean square value (RMS), cross factor (CrestFactor), form- factor (ShapeFactor), impulse factor (ImpulseFactor), marginal factor (MarginFactor), energy (Energy). The variety of diagnostic signals leads to the need to merge indicators of different dimensions without losing available information into a single generalizing indicator, for which the method of principal components is used in the work. The methodology of statistical processing and practical implementation of diagnostics of vibration signals during the analysis of damage evolution of rolling bearings of turbochargers of marine power plants are described. A new computer information parameter of vibration diagnostics based on the analysis of the first principal component in the time domain and spectral excess in the frequency domain has been identified and experimentally confirmed. The use of new diagnostic parameters makes it possible not only to judge the degree of damage to the rolling bearing, but also to observe the dynamics of the development of the defect and make a relative forecast of the working life of the rolling bearing. A real practical situation is considered - computer diagnostics of vibration signals of ship rolling bearings of a point defect of an external defect of a rolling bearing ring. Determining the applicability of the principal component method to other types of defects showed their potential for vibrodiagnosis of defects located on the inner ring of the bearing and when the ball falls out of the holder.

Green synthesis and antimicrobial study on the catechin-functionalized Fe3O4-Ag magnetic nanocomposites

In this study, catechin-functionalized Fe3O4-Ag nanocomposites were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The motivation for this study was to develop a novel antibacterial agent with enhanced stability and biocompatibility. The objective was to create a nanocomposite combining the antimicrobial properties of silver with the antioxidant and bioactive characteristics of catechin. We hypothesized that the synergistic effect of catechin and Fe3O4-Ag would yield a highly effective antibacterial material against common pathogens. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized by TEM, SEM, AFM, XPS, XRD, FTIR and physical property measurement system (PPMS). TEM images indicated that catechin-functionalized Fe3O4-Ag nanocomposites have a spherical morphology with an average size of 25.7 nm. The SEM and AFM imaging revealed that the nanocomposites appear as a number of large particles with average diameter of 581 nm. XPS and XRD and FTIR measurement confirmed the presence of catechin components, Fe3O4 and Ag in the nanocomposites. Taken together, we conclude that the catechin-Fe3O4-Ag nanocomposites in this study have a jujube cake structure in which the Fe3O4-Ag alloy nanoparticles serve as the jujube and the condensed catechin form into the cake substrate. The antimicrobial test indicated the catechin-functionalized Fe3O4-Ag nanocomposites have obvious inhibitory effects on E.coli, S.aureus, and C.albicans.

Confined seepage analysis of saturated soils using fuzzy fields

Seepage refers to the flow of water through porous materials. This phenomenon has a crucial role in dam, slope, excavation, tunnel, and well design. Performing seepage analysis usually is a challenging task, as one must cope with the uncertainty associated with the parameters such as the hydraulic conductivity in the horizontal and vertical directions that drive this phenomenon. However, at the same time, the data on horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities are typically scarce in spatial resolution. In this context, so-called non-traditional approaches for uncertainty quantification (such as intervals and fuzzy variables) offer an interesting alternative to classical probabilistic methods, since they have been shown to be quite effective when limited information on the governing parameters of a phenomenon is available. Therefore, the main contribution of this study is the development of a framework for conducting seepage analysis in saturated soils, where uncertainty associated with hydraulic conductivity is characterized using fuzzy fields. This method to characterize uncertainty extends interval fields towards the domain of fuzzy numbers. In fact, it is illustrated that fuzzy fields are an effective tool for capturing uncertainties with a spatial component, since they allow one to account for available physical measurements. A case study in confined saturated soil shows that with the proposed framework, it is possible to quantify the uncertainty associated with seepage flow, exit gradient, and uplift force effectively.

Preparation of highly graphitized porous carbon and its ethane/ethylene separation performance

The efficient separation of ethane (C2H6) and ethylene (C2H4) is crucial for the preparation of polymer-grade C2H4, necessitating the development of highly selective and stable C2H6/C2H4 adsorbents. Highly graphitized porous carbon, denoted GC-800, was synthesized by polymerization at room temperature followed by carbonization at 800 °C using phenolic resin as the precursor and FeCl3 as the iron source. Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package (VASP) calculations confirmed a higher binding energy between C2H6 molecules and graphitized porous carbon surfaces, so that a high degree of graphitization increased the adsorption capacity of porous carbon for C2H6. However, catalytic graphitization using Fe at high temperatures disrupted the microporous structure of the carbon, thereby reducing its ability to separate C2H6/C2H4. By controlling the carbonization temperature, the degree of graphitization and pore structure of the porous carbon could be changed. Raman spectra and XPS spectra showed that the GC-800 had a high degree of graphitization, with a sp2 C content as high as 73%. Low-temperature N2 physical adsorption measurements estimated the specific surface area of GC-800 to be as high as 574 m2·g−1. At 298 K and 1 bar, it had an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 2.16 mmol·g−1 for C2H6, with the C2H6/C2H4 (1:1 and 1:9, v/v) ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivity respectively reaching 2.4 and 3.8, significantly higher than the values of most reported high-performance C2H6 selective adsorbents. Dynamic breakthrough experiments showed that GC-800 could produce high-purity C2H4 in a single step from a mixture of C2H6 and C2H4. Dynamic cycling tests confirmed its good cyclic stability, and that it could efficiently separate C2H6/C2H4 even under humid conditions.

Digital Physics Module for 21st Century Education on New and Renewable Energy Based on the Dilemma-STEAM Learning Model

Abstract This study aims to develop a Dilemma-STEAM electronic module on renewable energy materials to be used as a physics teaching resource for 10th-grade high school students using the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) development model. The Dilemma-STEAM based e-module is a digital physics module based on the Dilemma-STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) model of teaching. In the context of 21st-century education, the application of technology and interdisciplinary approaches is emphasized to prepare students for future challenges. This module is designed to encourage critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity in students through real dilemmas story integrated with STEAM. The product is a digital module design presented through the website, it easily accessible to students using compatible electronic devices. Based on the validation results conducted by experts, an overall percentage of 87.50% was obtained from material experts, 84.44% from media experts, and 89.41% from learning experts. Additionally, the product trial by physics teachers showed a final percentage of 95.63% with an interpretation of “Very Good,” while students who had studied the material on physical quantities and measurements gave a percentage of 87.51% with an interpretation of “Very Good.” From this research, it can be concluded that the Dilemma-STEAM electronic module on renewable energy materials is deemed valid and suitable for use as a physics learning medium for 10th-grade high school students.

Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Nanostructured 2D Tin Telluride.

A lot of experimental studies are conducted on theoretically predicted thermoelectric 2D materials. Such materials can pave the way for charging ultra-thin electronic devices, self-charging wearable devices, and medical implants. This study systematically explores the thermoelectric attributes of bulk and 2D nanostructured Tin Telluride (SnTe), employing experimental investigations and theoretical analyses based on semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory. The bulk SnTe is synthesized through flame melting, while the 2D SnTe is produced via liquid phase exfoliation. The comprehensive assessment of thermoelectric properties integrated experimental measurements utilizing a Physical Property Measurement System and theoretical calculations from the BoltzTraP code. Experimental thermoelectric studies show a high ZT of 0.17 for 2D SnTe when compared to bulk (0.005) at room temperature. This rise in ZT is due to the high Seebeck coefficient and low thermal conductivity of nanostructured 2D SnTe. Density functional theory (DFT) studies reveal the contribution of the density of states (DOS) and energy bandgap in enhancing the Seebeck coefficient and lowering thermal conductivity by interface scattering.

Eco-friendly nanocomposite particles CuO/Fe2O3 and CuFeO2 as corrosion inhibitors of reinforced steel for concrete

Abstract In the last period of scientific research, the application of nanoscale materials had a huge interest in enhancing sustainability and improving the performance of concrete. This paper discusses lots of experimental truths about nanoparticles (CuO, Fe2O3) and nanocomposite particles (CuFeO2 and CuO/Fe2O3), which are manufactured by green chemistry and their effect on concrete. Because of their advanced properties due to containing the two heavy transition metals iron and copper, these particles can It is possible to bring about a wide development in the field of building and construction, and they may finalize more than one function at the same time. The dispersion of nanoparticles (Nps) in concrete mixtures is a key strategy to achieve the tailoring process, which is used to design new materials with specific properties to perform desired functions or applications. In this paper, resistance against chemical corrosion is achieved. These nanocomposites (Ncps)can improve the microstructure, function, and strength. The SEM, physical, mechanical characterization, workability and electrochemical measurements of the concrete based on those Nps. The results discovered that those Nps are corrosion resistant, contributing to decreased failure corrosion problems, which may lead to continuing to work at the same level throughout the years of service. This communication aims to provide a deep comprehension of the role of (Ncps) admixtures in concrete composites. They provide possible methods to enhance their overall characteristics and establish the basis for a more sustainable and long-lasting future in the building field.

Impact of baseline body mass index on antidepressant response: A study in newly diagnosed patients at a tertiary care center in Kolkata

Background: Depression, affecting 350 million globally, poses significant morbidity and mortality. The correlation between major depressive disorder (MDD) and obesity is noted, with studies indicating poorer treatment outcomes among obese individuals. Measuring weight and body mass index (BMI) could aid in predicting depression treatment outcomes, influencing drug efficacy due to their ease of measurement, amid the shared public health burden of MDD and obesity. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to evaluate baseline BMI’s impact on antidepressant response in newly diagnosed outpatient department (OPD) patients at a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal observational study was conducted with OPD patients at a tertiary care center, aged 18–65 years with newly diagnosed MDD. Assessment tools included the Diagnostic Criteria for Research accompanying the ICD-10, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and physical measurement devices. Sample size determination considered BMI groups: Normal to underweight (N1=120), overweight (N2=120), and obese (N3=70). The methodology involved patient history, examination, and follow-up assessments after 6 weeks, analyzing antidepressant response statistically. Results: Obese patients exhibited reduced treatment response rates compared to normal and overweight counterparts. Responders had lower mean BMI. Gender disparities in obesity prevalence were noted. Limitations: The study’s limitations include a small sample size of 310 cases, single-center design, and potential selection bias in a tertiary care setting. Conclusion: The findings underscore the complex relationship between BMI, depression severity, and treatment response. Obese individuals demonstrated higher initial depression scores and poorer treatment response, echoing previous research. The study highlights the need for personalized treatment approaches that consider individual BMI levels to optimize depression management strategies effectively.

Microwave-Assisted, Preparation, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Schiff Bases Derived from 4-Aminoantipyrine with Acetonyl Acetone for Some New Rare-Earth Metals

Five new lanthanide complexes based on azomethine (Schiff bases) ligands have been synthesized, including La, Nd, Er, Gd, and Dy. Complexes were synthesized using the azomethine Schiff bases resulting from condensation reactions between 4-aminoantipyrine and acetonylacetone. The structural characteristics of azomethine obtained are characterized quantitatively and qualitatively through various techniques, including elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility measurement, molar conductivity, infrared, ultraviolet absorption, GC-mass, and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy studies. The structural characteristics of Ln+3 complexes indicate that the complexes possess a composition of a specific type. Based on the elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility measurement, molar conductivity, and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy data, it can be inferred that the central metal ion is surrounded by a coordination number of 10, the general formula of [Ln(L)2(NO3)]·nNO3nH2O. The physical measurements confirmed that the synthesized complexes exhibit non-electrolyte behavior and paramagnetic properties. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was assessed in vitro against 4 pathogenic strains: E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and S. mutans. The evaluation was conducted using the agar disc spreading method. The results demonstrated that certain complexes exhibited significant antibacterial efficacy in comparison to the biological activity of the ligand.

Galactic cosmic ray environment predictions for the NASA BioSentinel Mission, part 2:Post-mission validation

The BioSentinel CubeSat was deployed on the Artemis-I mission in November 2022 and has been continuously transmitting physical measurements of the space radiation environment since that time. Just before mission launch, we published computational model predictions of the galactic cosmic ray exposure expected inside BioSentinel for multiple locations and configurations. The predictions utilized models for the ambient galactic cosmic ray environment, radiation physics and transport, and BioSentinel geometry. Now that the nominal six-month BioSentinel mission has completed and some additional time has passed, those pre-launch predictions and additional model components can be validated. Dose-rate and linear energy transfer (LET) spectral measurements from the on-board dosimeter are presented along with a summary of the computational models used to calculate exposure quantities of interest. Sensitivity tests are performed to gauge the impact of various model choices on these quantities. Satellite data collected during the BioSentinel mission are used to provide some measure of independent validation for the galactic cosmic ray model used in the present calculations. It is shown that the combined models are in excellent agreement with the measured dose-rate. Model calculations agree well with measurement below ∼10 keV/µm and underpredict at higher LET. It is argued that the underprediction is likely due to detector response or low energy anomalous cosmic ray contributions able to reach the thinly shielded side of the on-board dosimeter.

Vitamin D combined with whole-body vibration training for the treatment of osteo-sarcopenia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Osteo-sarcopenia (OS) has become a global public health problem and a frontier research problem, as a combination of sarcopenia (SP) and osteoporosis (OP) diseases. The clinical performances include muscle weakness, systemic bone pain, standing difficulty, even falls and fractures, etc., which seriously affect the patient's life and work. The pathological mechanism of the OS may be the abnormal metabolism which disrupts the equilibrium stability of the musculoskeletal system. Therefore, this study combined vitamin D (Vit. D) and whole-body vibration training (WBVT) to intervene in subjects of OS, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the diagnosis and treatment protocol and to explore the efficacy mechanism. We propose a multicenter, parallel-group clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Vit. D combined with WBVT intervention in OS. Subjects who met the inclusion or exclusion criteria and signed the informed consent form would be randomly assigned to the WBVT group, Vit. D group, or WBVT+ Vit. D group. All subjects will be treated for 1 month and followed up after 3 and 6 months. The primary outcomes are lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and handgrip strength measured by grip strength meter. Secondary outcomes include serum markers of myostatin (MSTN), irisin and bone turnover markers (BTM), SARC-CalF questionnaire, 1-min test question of osteoporosis risk, patient health status (evaluated by the SF-36 health survey), physical performance measurement that includes 5-time chair stand test, 6-m walk, and the short physical performance battery (SPPB). If Vit. D combined with WBVT can well relieve OS symptoms without adverse effects, this protocol may be a new treatment strategy for OS. After therapeutic intervention, if the serum marker MSTN/irisin is significant, both have the potential to become sensitive indicators for screening OS effective drugs and treatments, which also indicates that WBVT combined with Vit. D plays a role in improving OS by regulating MSTN/irisin. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2400082269 . Registered on March 26, 2024.