Physical Measures Research Articles

Experimental Study on the Removal of Pollutants from Domestic Wastewater in a Strongly Constructed Wetland with an Applied Electric Magnetic Field

The addition of physical field enhancement measures to improve the purification effect of vertical flow artificial wetlands has gradually become popular. In this study, a vertical flow artificial wetland system reinforced by electric and magnetic fields was constructed. These fields were first optimized using finite element 3D simulation software to obtain the optimal electric and magnetic field parameters. Then, the pollutant removal effects and changes in microbial community structure were comparatively analyzed. The optimal electromagnetic field parameters (applied voltage of 15 V and applied magnetic field of 20 mT) resulted in significantly enhanced removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate nitrogen (NH4+-N), total phosphorus (TP), and orthophosphorus (PO43−-P) in wastewater, with rates of 74.47%, 45.44%, 89.85%, and 90.04%, respectively. These rates were notably higher than those observed in the vertical flow artificial wetland system. The microbial community structure analysis revealed that the vertical flow constructed wetland with enhanced electric and magnetic fields exhibited (EM-VFCW) a more diverse and complex microbial community structure. Notably, the abundance of bacteria capable of removing NH4+-N and COD, including Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Actinobacteria, was significantly elevated.

Physical activity for the elderly: systematic review and synthesis of digital health interventions

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) is key for the well-being of the elderly. Despite its proven efficacy, many older adults remain sedentary. Digital health interventions offer promising results. The study aimed to appraise scientific literature evidence regarding digital interventions to improve physical activity levels among community-dwelling adults aged 60 years or older. Methods A systematic review and semiquantitative analysis were performed. Digital interventions were included if using eHealth/mHealth tools, app-based technologies and text messaging. An intervention control was required. Main outcomes consisted in physical activity levels and related measures. A semiquantitative approach was chosen for evidence synthesis, using a harvest plot to visually facilitate the weighing of results with sample size and quality assessment. Results A total of 10 studies (13 publications) were included, from which five main intervention types were identified (2 studies per each intervention type). A semiquantitative evidence synthesis via a harvest plot was performed, to base the studies evaluation on the simultaneous consideration of sample size, study quality by type and effectiveness of intervention. Interventions adopting dynamically-adjusted exercise plans via wearables and app-based digital peer-support resulted the most successful, whereas PA digital coaching interventions resulted the least recommendable for adoption. Motivating interventions through digital platforms and digital diaries showed inconclusive results. Conclusions Personalized interventions using dynamically-adjusted wearable-based technology and app-based digital peer-support ones resulted as the most promising. Their ability to provide real-time, personalized feedback and foster social support is key for health promotion. It is crucial to leverage these promising tools for enhancing population health, integrating them into comprehensive, equitable, sustainable and engaging public health interventions. Key messages • Interventions using personalized and dynamically-adjusted plans result as the most effective to increase physical activity amond the elderly. • It is key to integrate effective digital health tools into comprehensive, equitable, sustainable and engaging public health interventions to enhance population health.

Health and well-being during the pandemic: views and support needs of older adults who lived alone

Abstract Background Physical and social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic had the potential to jeopardize health and well-being of older adults. Especially older adults who lived alone faced challenges due to restrictive COVID-19 measures. In this study, we explored views and support needs to maintain health and well-being of older adults living in a single household during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We employed an interpretative phenomenological analysis, including twenty semi-structured interviews with older adults (≥65 years old) living in single households during the pandemic. Interviews were conducted between June and September 2021, audio-recorded and lasted approximately one hour. Data analysis was guided by the heuristic framework of Smith et al. Trustworthiness of the study was enhanced through bracketing and multiple interdisciplinary moments of revision of the data analysis. Results The views and support needs of participants to maintain health and well-being during the pandemic were captured in three overarching themes: ‘A lingering search for connectedness’, ‘Dealing with a discouraging situation to stay well’, and ‘Leaning on lessons learned during life’. Important resources that enabled participants to maintain health and well-being were: experiences of social connectedness, acceptance of the situation, and (re)gaining a sense of control. Participants described how they leaned on lessons learned from life-experiences when facing situations that challenged their health and well-being. Conclusions Our study points out that views and support needs of older adults to maintain health and well-being during the pandemic were diverse and rooted in various coping mechanisms. During future situations similar to the pandemic, public health policies should include strategies to promote social connectedness among older adults who live alone, to prevent adverse health outcomes. Key messages • Experiences of social connectedness, acceptance, and (re)gaining a sense of control were coping mechanisms that enabled older adults to maintain health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. • Public health policies should include strategies to promote social connectedness among older adults who live alone, to prevent adverse health outcomes during future pandemics.

Fanya Juu terraces improve soil properties of cultivated land in erosion-prone semi-arid area of Ethiopia

Soil erosion is a major process that affect soil fertility and agricultural productivity. To reduce soil erosion by water, physical soil and water conservation measures such as Fanya juu have been widely introduced. However, the study on the performance of those measures against its target is limited. Objective of this study was to assess the effects of physical soil and water conservation (SWC) measures (e.g., Fanya juu) on selected soil physico-chemical properties. Soil samples were collected at 0–20 cm depth of fields treated with Fanya juu and non-treated (without any physical SWC) and analyzed following standard laboratory procedures. Paired sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze data. The results of the analysis revealed that clay, silt, sand, soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorous (Pav.), and available potassium (Kav.) differed significantly (p < 0.05) between 8-years conserved and non-conserved land. This could be due to the positive effect of conservation measures in reducing erosion. In addition, in the intra- Fanya juu areas clay, sand, Kav., TN, and SOC were significantly varied (p < 0.05), with greater clay, SOC and nutrients at above Fanya juu (deposition area) than below Fanya juu (loss zone), which can be due to the downward movement of organic matter and surface soil and the protection ability of Fanya juu against erosion. In erosion-prone areas, lacking physical SWC measures could degrade essential soil properties as compared to farm fields with physical SWC measures. The spatial variation in intra-Fanya juu area should be amended by integrating additional soil fertility management practices for better effect.

Relationship between different muscle mass indices and physical performance measures in Turkish older adults

BackgroundSarcopenia, characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle, is assessed using appendicular skeletal muscle mass indices (ASMI). Various international groups propose different ASMI thresholds for assessing sarcopenia. However, the optimal ASMI that correlates best with physical performance measures in older Turkish adults remains unexplored. This study aims to determine which ASMI is most closely associated with physical performance measures, particularly low handgrip strength (dynapenia), in Turkish older adults.MethodsThe study included 326 individuals aged 60 and above. Comprehensive geriatric assessments were conducted on all participants, along with anthropometric evaluations and body composition analyses. ASMI was calculated by adjusting height squared, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Physical performance was assessed through handgrip strength, gait speed, and the chair stand test.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 74 ± 5.77 years, with 59.8% being women and 37.5% having dynapenia. Height-squared adjusted ASMI was not significantly associated with gait speed or the chair stand test. Weight-adjusted ASMI correlated with handgrip strength and gait speed but not with the chair stand test. Both height and weight-adjusted ASMI did not differ significantly between participants with and without dynapenia (p > 0.05). BMI-adjusted ASMI significantly correlated with all physical performance parameters (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in multivariate regression analysis, BMI-adjusted ASMI (OR = 0.028, 95% CI = 0.01–0.31, p = 0.006) was independently associated with dynapenia.ConclusionThe study indicates that ASMI adjusted for BMI shows stronger correlations with all physical performance parameters and is independently associated with dynapenia. Utilizing ASMI adjusted for BMI may improve sarcopenia diagnosis in Turkish older adults.

Improvement of methodical training of physical training instructors in the direction of application of physical impact measures

Physical training in units of the security and defense sector plays an important role in the system of professional training of personnel. The direction of application of measures of physical influence, in addition to technical preparation, development of physical qualities, has a positive effect on the education of moral and volitional qualities. And all this certainly affects the readiness of the personnel to perform the assigned tasks. In the conditions of martial law, the system of professional training also changed in order to transform and adapt it to the realities of today. The system of security measures implemented in the state has made its corrections in the educational and training process of personnel training, in particular with regard to planning in training. It is also necessary to take into account the level of physical condition, development and training of the replenishment. During martial law, military personnel are trained according to an abbreviated program. At the same time, from the experience of training our servicemen in various NATO member countries, the training periods there are much longer - which indicates different approaches and concepts. On the one hand, the shorter the training period, the faster a serviceman will get into a combat unit, and on the other hand, the quality of training of personnel is required, many of whom have not served at all, have mature age, low physical development and training, and often have health problems. Undoubtedly, all these conditions require high professional competence and skill from instructors in various areas, including physical training. The instructor must raise his professional level in order to ensure higher efficiency of the educational and training process, increase the training of the personnel and their readiness to perform official and combat tasks as assigned.

Self-compassion improves barrier self-efficacy and subsequently physical activity: A test of longitudinal mediation using a representative sample of the United Kingdom.

Self-compassion, which directs the awareness of suffering, sympathetic concerns and caring motives towards oneself, is an important psychological quality and resource for health and well-being. In the context of physical activity, self-compassion can help individuals overcome obstacles, recuperate from a setback or a lapse and engage in regular physical activity. The present research was the first to examine the longitudinal effects of self-compassion on physical activity and the mediation role of barrier self-efficacy of such effects. We recruited a national representative sample of 654 UK adults and followed them over three timepoints across 9 months. At each time point, participants completed an online survey assessing levels of state self-compassion, barrier self-efficacy and physical activity behaviours. We examined the longitudinal effects of self-compassion on physical activity and the mediation role of barrier self-efficacy. Baseline state self-compassion consistently correlated with physical activity levels at Times 2 and 3. Barrier self-efficacy at Time 2 mediated the longitudinal effect of baseline state self-compassion on Time 3 physical activity, after controlling for within- (e.g., Time 1 on Time 2 self-compassion) and between-person variations (e.g., covariance of self-compassion and physical activity within a timepoint). Adopting a self-compassionate mind facilitates engagement and maintenance of physical activity. Future studies could consider accelerometer-based physical activity measures and develop and validate a more context-specific state self-compassion measure tailored for physical activity contexts. Researchers and practitioners should consider incorporating self-compassion to future interventions and education programmes for promoting physical activity.

Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling with Cycles

Cyclical phenomena are commonly observed in many areas of repeated measurements, especially with intensive longitudinal data. A typical example is circadian (24-hour) rhythm of physical measures such as blood pressure, heart rate, glucose level, and alertness. This paper focuses on positive affect, which is a common measure in psychological studies and for which circadian rhythm has been observed but not analyzed by modern statistical methods. The paper demonstrates that a large new analysis arsenal is available for analysis of cyclical features in intensive longitudinal data. This can help researchers extract more information from their data to get more valid estimates of coupled processes and to get new theoretical insights into circadian rhythms of mood. To assist in this effort, the analyses are based on general models with a rich set of features while still being accessible without an unduly steep learning curve. Scripts for the Mplus software are available for all the analyses presented.

Persistent Fatigue, Weakness, and Aberrant Muscle Mitochondria in Survivors of Critical COVID-19.

Persistent skeletal muscle dysfunction in survivors of critical illness due to acute respiratory failure is common, but biological data elucidating underlying mechanisms are limited. The objective of this study was to elucidate the prevalence of skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue in survivors of critical illness due to COVID-19 and determine if cellular changes associate with persistent skeletal muscle dysfunction. A prospective observational study in two phases: 1) survivors of critical COVID-19 participating in physical outcome measures while attending an ICU Recovery Clinic at short-term follow-up and 2) a nested cohort of patients performed comprehensive muscle and physical function assessments with a muscle biopsy; data were compared with non-COVID controls. ICU Recovery Clinic and clinical laboratory. Survivors of critical COVID-19 and non-COVID controls. None. One hundred twenty patients with a median of 56 years old (interquartile range [IQR], 42-65 yr old), 43% female, and 33% individuals of underrepresented race attended follow-up 44 ± 17 days after discharge. Patients had a median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II score of 24.0 (IQR, 16-29) and 98 patients (82%) required mechanical ventilation with a median duration of 14 days (IQR, 9-21 d). At short-term follow-up significant physical dysfunction was observed with 93% of patients reporting generalized fatigue and performing mean 218 ± 151 meters on 6-minute walk test (45% ± 30% of predicted). Eleven patients from this group agreed to participate in long-term assessment and muscle biopsy occurring a mean 267 ± 98 days after discharge. Muscle tissue from COVID exhibited a greater abundance of M2-like macrophages and satellite cells and lower activity of mitochondrial complex II and complex IV compared with controls. Our findings suggest that aberrant repair and altered mitochondrial activity in skeletal muscle associates with long-term impairments in patients surviving an ICU admission for COVID-19.

EDITORIAL: RETURNING THE CENTRAL LYMPHATIC SYSTEM TO THE CENTER OF LYMPHOLOGY

After the introduction of conventional oil contrast lymphography and the founding of the discipline of lymphology, great impetus was given to investigating central lymphatic system and its disorders along with lymphatic involvement and specifically lymphostasis in common diseases of major organs such as the liver (cirrhosis) and heart (heart failure). Gradually interest shifted to more peripheral disorders such as limb lymphedema and its treatment by physical and surgical measures. At the same time, basic lymphology turned to the study of isolated ex vivo and in vitro, including lymphatic endothelial models and more recently, molecular lymphology focusing on lymphatic growth and modulating factors, genes and proteins underlying primary lymphedema, and more potential biomarkers of lymphatic disease have gained prominence. However, it has been advances in lymphatic imaging, namely lymphoscintigraphy with SPECT-CT high resolution 3-D pictures and magnetic resonance imaging (contrast and non-contrast) of the peripheral and particularly central lymphatic system by more invasive means combined with endovascular interventional techniques to treat complex and life-threatening lymphatic disorders that has returned the central lymphatic system to the center of lymphology, where the journey began.

Exergaming interventions for older adults: The effect of game characteristics on gameplay

PurposeExergames can be used to train physical and cognitive abilities and have been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of falls in older adults. However, there is limited evidence about how people play exergames and how gameplay is affected by game settings and, thus, the potential training effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of repeated exergaming sessions over 4 weeks and two game settings (difficulty level and game speed) on gameplay (performance, physical activity and perceived exertion) in older adults over a four-week exergaming intervention. Methods28 independently living older adults (mean age 74.47 years; 14 females) played two different exergames (Puzzle and Fox) at two difficulty levels 3× per week for 4 weeks. Physical activity measures from an accelerometer at the lower back, performance as game scores from the exergaming system, and self-reported measures of physical and cognitive exertion were collected at sessions 1,2,3,6,9 and 12. ResultsFor the Puzzle game, performance and physical activity increased significantly across the 12 training sessions. For the Fox game, an increased game speed was associated with increased performance, physical activity, and exertion across the exergaming sessions. Across all exergaming sessions, increasing difficulty by adding cognitive elements decreased the performance and amount of physical activity. ConclusionGame characteristics significantly influence how the exergames are played during a 4-week exergaming intervention. Hence, individual tailoring of the difficulty level and game speed is important. This study highlights the importance of understanding the interplay between game characteristics and gameplay during an exergaming intervention, thereby adding critical information for interpreting intervention effects – or the lack thereof.

Is Business Sustainability Possible? The Moderating Role of Place of Work in the Relationship between Hotel Safety Culture, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Customer-Oriented Behavior: A Cross-Regional Study

Safety culture is a key feature between employees’ job performance and organizational commitment. Hotel businesses are an important component of the service sector, and a customer-oriented approach in these businesses increases organizational performance. Therefore, the increased organizational commitment of employees plays an important role in the implementation of a customer-oriented approach. In this study, hotel safety culture, which is one of the important factors for business performance sustainability, is examined. In addition, the effect of hotel safety culture on job satisfaction, organizational commitment and customer-oriented behavior is examined. In this context, the research data were collected from the employees of 5-star hotels operating in Antalya and Doha through a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using PLS-SEM 4.0. As a result of the research, some significant effects were found between the variables in the hypothetical research model. Based on the results obtained, theoretically, in support of the studies in the literature, a positive relationship was found between perceived safety culture and employees’ job performance. Accordingly, as practical suggestions, it is recommended that hotel managers take measures to increase the safety culture (staff training, increasing physical measures, making warning signs visible, etc.).

Prevention of perioperative venous thromboembolic complications using pneumatic compression cuffs in oral cancer patients in maxillofacial surgery

ObjectivesVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is still considered to be a significant medical issue. Physical measures to prevent perioperative venous thrombosis include early mobilization and intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether IPC can reduce the incidence of postoperative thromboembolic events in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) undergoing maxillofacial surgery.Materials and methodsBetween March 2020 and May 2021, 75 patients with OSCC who did not receive perioperative prophylaxis using IPC were retrospectively examined to determine the occurrence of postoperative thromboembolism. Accordingly, 79 patients who received perioperative thrombosis prophylaxis using an IPC system as part of surgical tumor therapy from May 2021 to September 2023 were included in the study. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of postoperative thromboembolism.ResultsIn the control group without IPC, thromboembolic events were observed in five out of 75 patients during postoperative hospitalization. In the intervention group, no thromboembolic occurrences were identified among the 79 patients studied (p = 0.02). The mean Caprini score in the control group was 7.72, whereas in the intervention group it averaged 8.30 (p = 0.027).ConclusionsThe implementation of IPC-devices as supplementary perioperative thrombosis prophylaxis resulted in a notable decrease in postoperative venous thromboembolism (Number Needed to Treat = 15), which is why implementation of the system as a regular part of the clinical routine for perioperative management of OSCC patients can be considered a sensible approach.Clinical relevanceThe use of IPC enhances patient outcomes and may lead to improved postoperative care protocols in this high-risk patient population.

Connection between weak measurement in quantum physics and analytic phase retrieval in classical wave optics

Recently, various precision optical experiments have been proposed that utilize the concept of weak measurement in quantum physics. Since it is known that the results appearing in weak measurements are related to the phase of the quantum system, it is important to investigate the phase in order to understand the weak measurements. We present that one of phase-retrieval methods in classical wave optics, the analytic phase retrieval, has a close connection with quantum weak measurement. We explain such a connection for two emblematic optical weak measurements that have the same mathematical formalism as quantum systems: one is a system for the anomalous probe displacement of polarized light in a birefringent crystal, and the other is a system for the direct measurement of a wave function by polarization. We reveal that the same physical operation as the analytic phase retrieval is behind these two systems, namely the use of filtering effects.

Fact or Fiction-Accelerometry Versus Self-Report in Adherence to Pediatric Concussion Protocols: Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Concussion, or mild traumatic brain injury, is a growing public health concern, affecting approximately 1.2% of the population annually. Among children aged 1-17 years, concussion had the highest weighted prevalence compared to other injury types, highlighting the importance of addressing this issue among the youth population. This study aimed to assess adherence to Return to Activity (RTA) protocols among youth with concussion and to determine if better adherence affected time to recovery and the rate of reinjury. Children and youth (N=139) aged 5-18 years with concussion were recruited. Self-reported symptoms and protocol stage of recovery were monitored every 48 hours until symptom resolution was achieved. Daily accelerometry was assessed with the ActiGraph. Data were collected to evaluate adherence to the RTA protocol based on physical activity cutoff points corresponding to RTA stages. Participants were evaluated using a battery of physical, cognitive, and behavioral measures at recruitment, upon symptom resolution, and 3 months post symptom resolution. For RTA stage 1, a total of 13% of participants were adherent based on accelerometry, whereas 11% and 34% of participants were adherent for stage 2 and 3, respectively. The median time to symptom resolution was 13 days for participants who were subjectively reported adherent to the RTA protocol and 20 days for those who were subjectively reported as nonadherent (P=.03). No significant agreement was found between self-report of adherence and objective actigraphy adherence to the RTA protocol as well as to other clinical outcomes, such as depression, quality of life, and balance. The rate of reinjury among the entire cohort was 2% (n=3). Overall, adherence to staged protocols post concussion was minimal when assessed with accelerometers, but adherence was higher by self-report. More physical activity restrictions, as specified in the RTA protocol, resulted in lower adherence. Although objective adherence was low, reinjury rate was lower than expected, suggesting a protective effect of being monitored and increased youth awareness of protocols. The results of this study support the move to less restrictive protocols and earlier resumption of daily activities that have since been implemented in more recent protocols.

Effects of Bulgarian bag training on bio-motor fitness, physiological, haematological, and performance in young adult male Kabaddi players

Kabaddi demands high bio-motor fitness and physiological robustness in players. The Bulgarian Bag, known for its dynamic training potential, offers multi-planar movements to enhance strength, endurance, and coordination. However, its impact on Kabaddi players still needs to be explored. To assess the effects of Bulgarian Bag training (BBT) on bio-motor fitness, physiological, hematological, and performance measures in young adult Kabaddi players. A total of 30 participants were randomly assigned to either the BBT Group (BBTG) (n = 15; age = 20.73 ± 1.83 years; weight = 72.56 ± 7.27 kg; height = 175.20 ± 6.03 cm) or the active Control Group (CG) (n = 15; age = 20.80 ± 1.69 years; weight = 71.86 ± 4.75 kg; height = 171.46 ± 6.06 cm). The training intervention lasted 12 weeks and was conducted during the in-season period. All outcome parameters tests were conducted before and after the intervention, including agility (AG), explosive strength (ES), shoulder strength (SS), muscular strength (MS), resting heart rate (RHR), VO2max, red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (HG), and playing ability (PA). The ANCOVA analysis revealed significant between-group differences in all physical fitness measures at post-test. Specifically, the BBTG showed significant improvements in AG, ES, SS, MS, RHR, VO2Max, RBC, WBC, HG, and PA (d = 0.75 to 3.28; Δ0.50% to 16.37%). Moreover, the BBTG group significantly reduced resting heart rate (d = 0.75; Δ-3.31%). In contrast, no significant changes were reported in the Control Group (CG) between pre- and post-tests (d = 0.00 to 0.78; Δ-0.08% to 4.59%). Integrating BBTG into the training program of young adult male Kabaddi players yielded beneficial effects across multiple parameters of bio-motor fitness, physiological, hematological, and playing ability. The findings reveal the potential of BBTG as a valuable training method for enhancing Kabaddi performance and overall athletic conditioning. Keywords: Kabaddi Player, Bulgarian bag training, bio motor, physiological, haematological

Correlates of Lifestyle Physical Activity Among Young Arab American Women.

Young Arab American women are at risk for cardiovascular disease, but there is limited data on their physical activity (PA) engagement. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between PA and its correlates in young Arab American women. The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe self-reported lifestyle PA behaviors of young Arab American women and (2) examine the relationship between their self-reported lifestyle PA, device-measured lifestyle PA (combined moderate/vigorous and steps), and potentially associated factors (demographics, physical measures, individual factors, and behavior cognition factors). This cross-sectional study was conducted with women 18 to 35 years of age and Arab American (n = 50) in the Midwest Region of the United States. Participants wore ActiGraph GT3X-BT monitors for 7 days; self-report measures included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, demographics, acculturation, discrimination, religiosity, self-efficacy, and social support. The mean age of participants was 25.5 years (SD: 5.5; range: 18-35). Per ActiGraph, the average daily steps were 5946 (SD: 2783); only 24% met the moderate-intensity PA guidelines. Self-efficacy was significantly associated with increased moderate-to-vigorous PA (B = 0.37; P = .012). The average daily steps for the young Arab American women in this study were of low active classification. More than 75% of the women failed to meet the recommended weekly moderate/vigorous PA guidelines. Our study supports the importance of targeting and tailoring PA interventions on young Arab American women who have low self-efficacy for overcoming barriers to lifestyle PA.

The impact of automobile warm-up noise characteristics on annoyance

In the automotive industry, the sound of a vehicle plays a crucial role in its perceived value, highlighting the importance of understanding the relationship between subjective auditory perceptions and objective physical measures. This study investigates the psychoacoustic properties of warm-up noise emitted by vehicles equipped with an accelerated warm-up system (AWS). Our main goal is to analyze the discomforting aspects of this noise and reveal that its cause is related to tonality. Through extensive auditory experiments, we aim to uncover the nuances of this relationship, finding that both tonality and roughness significantly contribute to annoyance perception, particularly at higher frequencies. This investigation provides crucial insights for acoustic optimization in automotive systems, focusing on improving the user experience and product quality during the AWS warm-up phase.

Physical Health Among Black Immigrants by Region of Birth: A Test of the Racial Context Hypothesis.

We test the Racial Context Hypothesis by examining the association between racial context of origin and five physical health outcomes (self-rated health, activity limitation, functional activity limitation, lifetime hypertension, and lifetime cancer) among U.S.-born Black Americans and Black immigrants in the United States. This cross-sectional study used 2000 through 2018 waves of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Our subsample was limited to adults 18years of age or older who self-identified as Black and selected a distinct global region of birth if not U.S. born (N = 212,269). We employed zero-order logistic regression models to estimate the relationships between each measure of health and racial context by region of birth. Supporting the Racial Context Hypothesis, we found Black immigrants from racially mixed (Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, South America) and majority-Black contexts (Africa) had lower odds of being in fair or poor self-rated health [aOR 0.786; 0.616; 0.611], reporting any activity limitation [aOR = 0.537; 0.369; 0.678], reporting functional activity limitation [aOR 0.619; 0.425; 0.678], reporting lifetime hypertension diagnosis [aOR 0.596; 0.543; 0.618], and reporting lifetime cancer diagnosis [aOR 0.771; 0.326; 0.641] compared to U.S.-born Black Americans. After controlling for sociodemographic and socioeconomic covariates, Black immigrants from majority-White contexts (Europe) did not significantly differ from U.S.-born Black Americans on these five physical health measures. This study expands our understanding of the "Black immigrant advantage" by showing that Black immigrants from predominantly Black and racially mixed regions rated their health status as poor or fair less often, experienced less activity or functional activity limitations, and had a lower risk of lifetime hypertension and cancer compared to U.S.-born Black Americans. The significant associations persisted even after controlling for sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Black immigrant health is not homogenous, and the racial context of origin Black immigrants come from has an association with their health outcomes.

Treatment adherence and wellness, nutrition, and physicalactivity outcomes of diabetic patients with comorbiddepression during the 18-month follow-up of the TELE-DD study.

A good adherence to pharmacological treatment in chronic pathologies such as type 2 diabetes and clinical depression is essential to improve illness prognosis. The main goal of the TELE-DD study was to analyze the effectiveness of a telephone, psychoeducational, and individualized intervention carried out by nurses in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbid clinical depression with prior nonadherence to pharmacological treatment. In this paper, we describe and analyze secondary outcomes of the trial intervention. A prospective cohort study was used to assess the effectiveness of a telephonic intervention (IG) in n = 191 participants with a similar control group (CG). Adherence to pharmacological treatment was assessed using the patient's self-perceived adherence questionnaire. In addition to clinical (HbAc1, HDL, LDL), physical (body mass index, blood pressure) and psychological measures (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 affective state), and psychosocial distress due to Diabetes Distress Scale Questionnaire at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months of follow-up were also analyzed. The proportion of "Total Adherents" in the IG was higher throughout the study. This was particularly true at month 18 of the intervention. Self-perceived adherence rates increased by 27.1% in the IG and by 1.1% in the CG. Results of clinical and physical measures were higher in the IG than in the CG at month 18 of the intervention. The interview based on positive reinforcement as well as individualized attention and flexibility in making telephone calls and dissemination of the intervention in the media closest to the patients were key to achieving good participation and collaboration as well as continuity in adherence to treatment and self-care.