Abstract
Recently, various precision optical experiments have been proposed that utilize the concept of weak measurement in quantum physics. Since it is known that the results appearing in weak measurements are related to the phase of the quantum system, it is important to investigate the phase in order to understand the weak measurements. We present that one of phase-retrieval methods in classical wave optics, the analytic phase retrieval, has a close connection with quantum weak measurement. We explain such a connection for two emblematic optical weak measurements that have the same mathematical formalism as quantum systems: one is a system for the anomalous probe displacement of polarized light in a birefringent crystal, and the other is a system for the direct measurement of a wave function by polarization. We reveal that the same physical operation as the analytic phase retrieval is behind these two systems, namely the use of filtering effects.
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