Physical Equipment Research Articles

Deep-Reinforcement-Learning-Based Predictive Maintenance Model for Effective Resource Management in Industrial IoT

Unplanned breakdown of critical equipment interrupts production throughput in Industrial IoT (IIoT), and data-driven Predictive Maintenance (PdM) becomes increasingly important for companies seeking a competitive business advantage. Manufacturers, however, are constantly faced with the onerous challenge of manually allocating suitably competent manpower resources in the event of an unexpected machine breakdown. Furthermore, human error has a negative rippling impact on both overall equipment downtime and production schedules. In this paper, we formulate the complex resource management problem as a resource optimisation problem to determine if a model-free Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based PdM framework can be used to automatically learn an optimal decision-policy from a stochastic environment. Unlike the existing PdM frameworks, our approach considers PdM sensor information and the resources of both physical equipment and human as part of the optimisation problem. The proposed DRL-based framework and Proximal Policy Optimisation Long Short Term Memory (PPO-LSTM) model are evaluated alongside baselines results from human participants using a maintenance repair simulator. Empirical results indicate that our PPO-LSTM efficiently learns the optimal decision-policy for the resource management problem, outperforming comparable DRL methods and human participants by 53% and 65% respectively. Overall, the simulation results corroborate the proposed DRL-based PdM framework’s superiority in terms of convergence efficiency, simulation performance and flexibility.

KUALITAS PELAYANAN KESEHATAN KELUARGA DAN GIZI MASYARAKAT OLEH DINAS KESEHATAN KOTA PRABUMULIH

This study aims to determine the quality of family health services and community nutrition by the Prabumulih City Health Service. This research was conducted at the Prabumulih City Health Office. This research is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Technique Determination of informants using purposive technique. The technique of obtaining data uses several procedures for entering the field, stages when in the field, stages out of the field. Based on the results of the study, it showed that the quality of family health and community nutrition services by the Prabumulih City Health Service, based on aspects of physical appearance, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy had not gone well. The aspects of service quality are not going well, seen from the physical appearance, the availability of physical facilities and equipment has not provided comfort for the patients served; Reliability, regarding the suitability of the services provided with the scheduled information is not consistent, the standard of recording administration services is still convoluted; responsiveness, health services for patients cannot be carried out quickly in accordance with patient needs and expectations. The patience and hospitality of the nurses were not good; empathy / empathy doctors and nurses do not understand and pay attention to the feelings of patients being served. Nurses and doctors in serving patients have not reflected a sincere attitude, and are less consistent with respect to the suitability and timeliness of serving patients. Suggestions that can be given are the need for additional medical personnel, the existence of services and the provision of complete drugs as needed by patients, as well as the existence of information media that clearly contains procedures and procedures for providing services to patients.

Automatic relative humidity optimization in underground heritage sites through ventilation system based on digital twins

Underground heritage sites generally experience significant humidity, which results in the destruction of the surfaces and structures. This study establishes an underground heritage site preservation mechanism through a dynamic ventilation system based on digital twin technology. The aim is to control the relative humidity (RH) gradually on the air region near the walls of sites within the standard range and reduce adverse physical equipment effects and energy consumption of the system. Underground heritage site projects have more complex shapes with irregular and nonlinear arcs and height difference distributions. It is challenging to regenerate them. To achieve this objective, a model simplification rule for irregular heritage building information modeling (HBIM) technology was first established via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Second, a methodology was developed to design a reliable and effective ventilation equipment and its layout based on CFD for irregular heritage sites. Compared with the scheme based on the optimal geometric rule arrangement, the number of pipes can be reduced by up to 25%. Third, a web-based digital twin platform combined with Internet of Things (IoTs) technology was established for achieving real-time control of the overall RH level of underground heritage sites within the standard range. The results present new solutions to control the RH of underground heritage sites for preservation. The proposed methodology can be used in typical underground heritage sites and illustrated by a real case. The validation encompassed development of digital environment for the real case and development of the ventilation system for its RH optimization.

Increasing capacity to address the physical health needs of patients in a mental health and addictions hospital.

This paper describes the strategy and outcomes of a quality improvement initiative focused on building the capacity of nurses at a mental health and addictions teaching hospital to provide an improved standard of physical health care. Education was provided via a series of e-learning modules and interactive workshops. To reinforce the education and enhance practice change, improvements were made to electronic documentation templates and organizational standards. Further, the organization provided increased access to physical health equipment, a mobile application to support assessments and a reference card for lanyards. Nurses identified increased confidence in performing physical assessments, and documentation improved with standards and automated forced functionality in the electronic health record. Ultimately, the organization successfully implemented a multifaceted strategy to improve physical healthcare services for people with mental health and substance use concerns. Organizational investment can lead to sustainable changes in nursing confidence and increased physical health assessment completion.

Assessment of Business Education Physical Learning Resources for The Implementation of Activity-Based Learning in Bauchi State Colleges of Education

The study assessed business education physical learning resources with a view to be upgraded to support the use of Activity-based learning strategy in Bauchi state colleges of education. Two objectives and two research questions were formulated. Survey design was adopted. The population of the study was 36 business educators from colleges of education Azare and Adamu Tafawa Balewa college of education Kangere. Total population sample was used in the study. The instrument used for data collection was Business Education Resource Upgrade Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The study revealed that physical facilities were moderately upgraded to support the use of the Activity-based learning strategy at COE, Azare and ATBCOE, Kangere. Also, equipment and supplies were less upgraded in COE Azare and ATBCOE, Kangere to support the use of Activity-based learning strategy. It was recommended that management of COE Azare should strive through public-private partnership with industries, philanthropist, international donor agencies and their internally generated revenue for sustainability to keep the program up-to-date to the tune of time. Bauchi state government should also partner for additional funding in addition to internally generated revenue from ATAP and ATBCOE in order to provide them with adequate physical facilities, equipment supplies and consumables for business education program effectiveness in order to successfully implement Activity-based learning strategy in the school.

Performance of Selected COVID-19 Centers in the Primary Health Care System during COVID-19 Pandemics in Iran

Background. In order to address the community’s health needs during the COVID-19 crisis in 2020, several comprehensive urban health centers affiliated with the primary healthcare system were designated as COVID-19 centers. Considering the importance of evaluating the performance of the mentioned centers and ensuring the continuity of the services provided in accordance with the rules and instructions, the performance evaluation of the mentioned units was conducted from July 2020 to March 2021 in three levels: self-evaluation (first-level evaluation), university evaluation (second-level evaluation) and the evaluation of the experts of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (third-level evaluation). Methods. This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in all selected COVID-19 centers, including 978 in 63 universities / medical schools across the country in 2020. The sample was selected by census sampling method and included a total of 978 centers. In this study, 28 main criteria in the fields of education and information, safety of staff and clients by observing social distance, use of personal protective equipment, supplying manpower and equipment, disinfection, and work processes, and 91 sub-criteria were determined by using Delphi Technique. Results. With the criteria and sub-criteria defined in the areas of "community education and information", staff training, observance of social distance, facilities, waste management, manpower supply, supply of medical equipment and work processes, it was identified that in the self-evaluation (first level evaluation), the criterion with the lowest score was "staff training". The lowest score in the evaluation of the level of universities / medical schools (second level evaluation) was related to the observance of social distance in the centers and the highest score in both evaluation levels was related to the criterion of "providing the necessary education to patients regarding prevention and control of COVID-19". Conclusion. The establishment and setting up of selected COVID-19 centers has been one of the effective measures in controlling and managing the COVID-19 epidemic, which was created as a result of changing the structure of the primary healthcare system. The continuity of service quality of selected centers requires continuous monitoring and evaluation of their performance.

A New Maintainability Evaluation Method Based on Virtual-real Fusion Scene Construction

Maintainability is one important attribute of product quality. Maintainability evaluation is important to reduce maintenance cost and improve availability. With this research work, an effective maintainability evaluation method is proposed by mingling virtual environment and real world physical equipment. In order to reduce the cost of maintainability test scenario construction, the surrounding environment of physical equipment is replaced by virtual model for virtual-real fusion. The virtual environment is mainly used to simulate the impact on maintenance operation space. The difficulty of realizing the test concept deals with how to accurately identify the pose of the physical equipment and register the virtual environment around the physical equipment. In the proposed method, initially the ORB feature of the physical product is extracted through binocular vision. Secondly, the ICP method is used to match the physical product feature with the digital prototype feature, so as to identify the relative pose of the physical equipment. The virtual maintenance environment is then accurately superimposed. Thirdly, the experimental evaluation method of virtual reality fusion maintainability qualitative and quantitative indicators is formulated. Finally, taking an engine as an example, a virtual-real fusion maintainability test case study is carried out to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of maintainability evaluation based on virtual-real fusion test scenario. With 5 test groups, evaluation is carried out in three scenes-real environment, virtual-real fusion and without surrounding environment. Results of the evaluation revealed that error rate of the proposed virtual reality fusion maintainability method are somehow closer to maintainability in real environment. The average error rate of the three maintainability qualitative indexes in the virtual-real fusion scene is 9.90%, whereas the average error of the maintenance time is 3.25%. The proposed system offers an absorbing simulation environment where users are privileged to interact with the maintenance objects. The research work bears great significance in maintenance, product designing, visualization and related domains. As maintenance in real environment happens to be costlier and hazardous, the proposed method is suitable to ensure substantial cost reduction and safety in all stages of maintainability. Moreover, outcomes of the evaluation and the generated data of simulation can be generalized to improve maintainability of equipment.

Management Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis: The Experiences of Health Managers from Iran, Ardabil Province.

The COVID-19 outbreak is the most threatening public health challenge in the 21th century, and more than 200 countries are affected. Considering that Iran was one of the first countries influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to explain the crisis management strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ardabil province. This study employed a qualitative method using content analysis in which 12 healthcare managers or decision makers involved in the management of the COVID-19 crisis were recruited through purposeful sampling. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data which continued until data saturation. Data analysis led to 9 categories, including prior preparation for the COVID-19 crisis; challenges and management of workforce shortages; benefiting from the participation of volunteer staff; challenges and strategies for physical space, supplies, and PPE; designation of referral centers for COVID-19; protocolized patient transport; benefiting from donations and charity support; management of information about COVID-19; and learning from the prior stages of crisis. This study revealed that in critical situations, managers use multiple and, to some extent, unique strategies for decision making and crisis control. Therefore, the health system can use the findings of the current study for proper response to similar crises and training of future managers.

Effect of Electrical Power line length on Faults occurrences in Electrical Distribution SystemA case study of Ayede 132/33kV substation

The paper examined the state of distribution network and analyzed the main causes of faults using Ayede 132/33kV as a case study. At the time of the study, the state of the major electrical facilities for 33kV distribution system was assessed to exploit information available related with the causes of faults. In addition, frequencies of faults occurrences on the feeders emanated from the substation as well as their lengths were obtained and were compared to know the effect of length of feeder on number of fault occurrence. In view of the findings during the cause of investigation, it is evident that the physical equipment needs urgent rehabilitation. Likewise, lengths of some feeders are too long compared to the magnitude of power they are transporting and required higher voltages for transmission.

Pre- and post-COVID practice of interventional pulmonology in adults in Portugal

Introduction and objectivesThere is a lack of information regarding bronchoscopy practice in adults in Portugal. Our objective was to obtain an overview of the characteristics, resources, techniques and behaviors in national interventional pulmonology (IP) units, before and after SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Materials and MethodsAn online survey was developed by an expert panel with a total of 46 questions comprising the specifications of each unit, namely physical space, equipment, staff, procedure planning, monitoring, technical differentiation, and numbers pre- and post-COVID-19. Forty-one interventional pulmonology centers were invited to participate between April and May 2021. Results37 units (90.2%) responded to the survey. The majority (64.9%) have a fully dedicated space with a weekly presence of ≥3 chest physicians (82.1%) and support of an anesthesiologist on specific days (48.6%). There is marked heterogeneity in the IP unit's equipment, and 56.8% acquired disposable bronchoscopes after COVID-19 pandemics. Pre-bronchoscopy hemogram, platelet count and coagulation tests are regularly asked by more than 90% of the units, even when deep sedation or biopsies are not planned. In 97.3% of cases, topical anesthesia and midazolam are utilized. Propofol (21.6%) and fentanyl (29.7%) are occasionally employed in some institutions. Most units use ancillary sampling techniques to diagnose central or peripheral lesions, with radial EBUS being used for guidance of distal procedures in 37.8% of centers, linear EBUS and EUS-B-FNA for mediastinal diagnosis and/or staging in 45.9% and 27.0% of units, respectively. Cryobiopsies are used by 21.6% of respondents to diagnose diffuse lung diseases. Rigid bronchoscopy is performed in 37.8% of centers. There was a decrease in the number of flexible (p < 0.001) and rigid (p = 0.005) bronchoscopies and an upscale of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 outbreak. ConclusionsIP units have variable bronchoscopic practices, but during the COVID-19 pandemic, they complied with most international recommendations, as elective procedures were postponed and PPE levels increased.

Framework for a closed-loop cooperative human Cyber-Physical System for the mining industry driven by VR and AR: MHCPS

Underground mining systems face numerous challenges, such as limited intelligence equipment, lack of accurate maps, difficult maintenance, and poor integration between humans and equipment. Here, based on the basic architecture of CPS (Cyber-Physical Systems), a closed-loop collaborative human CPS operational system for the mining industry is proposed (MHCPS). The MHCPS uses an information system based on VR (Virtual Reality) and AR (Augmented Reality) which serve to integrate humans with intelligent physical systems, the overall mining process, and closed-loop circulation of computing, communication, and control (3C). The 3C operation allowed centralized control center operators and inspection operators to interact with physical equipment and jointly complete tasks. Communication in the system is made dependable by a two-way information flow network. To ease computing load, a distributed computing mode integrating human and edge computing is proposed. In the system, fused VR simulation data, AR point cloud information, and sensor information are accurately returned to the human–machine interface in real-time. Based on complex computations, an operation method that integrates traditional operations with a VR/AR human–machine interface resolved the conflicts involved when fusing multiple interfaces. Finally, the prototype system was developed and assessed in the laboratory. The experimental results showed that the two-way closed-loop communications transmission between human, VR system, AR system, and physical system were stable. The computations based on imaging, sensing, and simulation information accurately reconstructed a precise virtual image of the physical equipment. The VR/AR system allowed for reliable control while also facilitating remote interactions between human operators and the other three systems, effectively optimizing the physical system. This system demonstrated the feasibility of a CPS system under complex working conditions dominated by humans. It also improved on synchronizing manual controls and machine operations, which maintained efficient cooperation.

Perlakuan Balita Dengan Manajemen Terpadu Balita Sakit (MTBS) Di Puskesmas Sukadana

To provide standard services in Public Health Center takes a commitment from the Head of the Public Health Center and the commitment of the doctors as a motivator for nurses and midwives in addition to being a supervisor and receiving referrals. The continuity of the implementation of IMCI services is to maintain and to improve the quality of IMCI services by remaining consistent in improving the health facilities of the Public Health Center so that people who are far from the Public Helath Center can get the standard IMCI services and continue to innovate in developing utilization by developing human resources that are not only providing services to patients but also being able to realize the vision and mission of Public Health Center. The result of Poly IMCI research has been carried out have several points: 1) the customer comfort factor in receiving services by making several changes to the physical appearance of the room, 2) the completeness factor for supporting physical examination equipment (measuring height and body length, weighing infants and toddlers, measuring upper arm circumference), and 3) implementing innovation in the process of recording and classifying diseases using the IMCI application.

Development Status and Perspectives of Crop Protection Machinery and Techniques for Vegetables

Diseases and pests are important factors in vegetable cultivation; they not only affect the growth and appearance of vegetables but also affect the yield and quality. The disease and pest control of vegetables is dominated by chemical sprays, for now. As a result, the excessive use of pesticides has been a crucial factor of pesticides’ non-point source pollution, and it is also the main cause of excessive pesticide residues in vegetables. Therefore, the design of efficient plant protection machinery and technology has become an urgent demand in order to ensure the quality and safety of vegetables. In this review, the machinery and technologies for vegetable protection are introduced from the aspects of chemical control and physical control. In the aspect of chemical control, handheld sprayers, self-propelled or track sprayers, fixed-pipe spray systems, vertical and horizontal boom sprayers, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and vegetable seed treatment techniques are introduced. In the aspect of physical control, soil physical disinfection, pest trapping technologies and ozone sterilizers are introduced. Finally, the existing problems and perspectives of pesticide application sprayers and physical control equipment for vegetables are summarized. This paper can provide references for vegetable growers and researchers.

Practical Research on the Application of In-class Options in Physical Education and Health Module Teaching

Based on the “Curriculum Plan and Physical Education” and “Health Curriculum Standards (2017 Edition)” (hereinafter referred to as the “Curriculum Standard”) of ordinary high schools revised in January 2018, combined with the actual situation of physical education teachers, venues and equipment’s in experimental schools, in the teaching of compulsory elective modules of physical education and health curriculum in experimental grades, according to students’ interests and hobbies and existing sports skills, this study adopts the teaching organization form of in-class option, aiming to better implement the new round of curriculum reform and explore practical practices that can be used for reference for schools and teachers. It is found that teaching in the form of alternative teaching in class is beneficial to the development of students’ core literacy of physical education and health. It overcomes the teaching difficulties of module options caused by objective factors of the school to the maximum extent, and creates conditions for students to study physical education and health module, so as to put the curriculum reform into practice [1].

A Guide to Establishing a Pediatric Neurogastroenterology and Motility Program.

The purpose of this document is to provide guidance for establishing a pediatric neurogastroenterology and motility (PNGM) program, including considerations for personnel, equipment, and physical space requirements, and business planning, from members of the neurogastroenterology and motility (NGM) Committee of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) who have developed PNGM programs at various institutions. A business plan defining the needs for required personnel, dedicated physical space, procedures, clinical care, and equipment storage is a prerequisite. Thoughtful logistical planning should address provider schedules, clinical visits, procedure coordination, and prior authorization processes. A business-plan outlining equipment purchase with projected costs, revenue generation, and goals for future growth is desirable for obtaining institutional support, which is imperative to building a successful PNGM program.

21the Wheelchair Project Case Study: Leveraging Collaborative Efforts and Partnerships to Provide Assitive Devices for People Affected by Disability in Thailand and Southeast Asia

Many people affected by disability require assistive devices, particularly mobility aids, in order to live independently and fully integrate into their communities. Throughout the world, numerous methods have been implemented in facilitating the provision of these devices to people affected by disabilities. This case study intends use the Rajanagarindra Institute of Child Development Wheelchair Project, located in Chiang Mai, Thailand, to evaluate the viability and efficacy of mobility-provision programs which adapt wheelchairs and other assistive devices not originally intended for the end user. Programs which must “retro-adapt” equipment, like the Wheelchair Project, rely heavily on medical and mechanical expertise to identify the recipients’ needs and safely modify the device accordingly. By examining the distribution statistics from the Wheelchair Project over its 20 years of operation and the needs of the disability community reported by the National Statistics Office of Thailand alongside a cost-benefit analysis of the declared value provided versus operational cost, this case-study systematically details the scope and financial viability of this approach. While not without constraints, this model succeeds in effectively capitalizing on available resources (both in regard to physical equipment as well as professional expertise) to meet the needs of those affected by disabilities in Thailand and Southeast Asia. Although still limited in size and reach, the Wheelchair Project demonstrably shows its viability and the potential this approach presents given the right circumstances.

Preserving Hands-On Learning Experience with Physical Equipment in Distance Learning—Findings of a Course Pilot

Preserving Hands-On Learning Experience with Physical Equipment in Distance Learning—Findings of a Course Pilot

Interface Development for Digital Twin of an Electric Motor Based on Empirical Performance Model

The concept of Digital Twin is creating and maintaining a digital representation of the real physical entity and supporting its performance utilizing simulation and optimization tools, which are fed with the real data obtained from the physical equipment. Development and implementation of the Digital Twin technology are one of the main challenges for today’s industry, more detailed studies are needed on design methods for Digital Twins. Besides using Digital Twin as a high-quality simulation, one of the commitments is monitoring and maintaining control of the whole system via a constant live link between virtual and physical entities. The related research study presents a detailed structural description of the developed Digital Twin virtual entity and the development of a framework that allows Robot Operating System (ROS) to securely communicate with remote Digital Twins via the Internet and harness ROS’s adaptability across vast distances and multiple systems. This paper is an extended version of the authors’ International Conference on Electrical Power Drive Systems (ICEPDS20) paper, in which we propose a development case study of Digital Twin for an electric motor based on an empirical performance model.

Virtual monitoring system for a robotic manufacturing station in intelligent manufacturing based on Unity 3D and ROS

In the present work, a digital twin system has been developed for a small-scale robotic manufacturing station, typically for realization of intelligent additive manufacturing. This system consists of: (1) virtual model and space construction (in Unity 3D), (2) operating simulation of robot movement (in Robot Operating System, ROS) and the pick-and-place action, (3) data communication and transmission between the physical manufacturing station and the virtual model, and (4) real-time dynamic display of the operating status of the robot arm (display of joint angle variations with time), etc. By establishing dual-direction data communication between the physical equipment and virtual environment, real-time data drives the movement of the virtual model which enables remote, real-time visualization and monitoring of the entire working process of the physical additive manufacturing station. It is expected the digital twin model can be extended to more sophisticated additive manufacturing applications such as 3D printing for not only monitoring but also control and optimization of the relevant process parameters.

REMOTE SENSING IN THE WAVE COMPLEX WITH CRITICALLY SMALL SIZES: PROPERTIES OF THE WAVES UNDER THESE CONDITIONS

The article is devoted to the remote sensing of the surface of the water in the wave complex (tank), having critically small dimensions relatively to the simulated wave processes. The article describes the structure of complex, hydro physical, optical and radar equipment of it, the methods of generating three types of waves, control their properties and damping. The structure and operation of the main systems of the complex are described in detail, including a special wave damper. The issues of hydrodynamic similarity of generated and natural wave processes and also comparing wind parameters in laboratory and natural conditions are discussed. The properties of all types of the waves are estimated and compared with theoretical models corresponding to our wave range. Some parasitic phenomena associated with limited reservoir sizes are considered.