Physical Endurance Of Rats Research Articles

Comparative effectiveness of reamberin and cytoflavin in correction of lipid peroxidation processes induced by ultraviolet radiation

Introduction. The study of the possibility of correct free radical lipid oxidation of membranes in conditions of ultraviolet radiation by the introduction of succinate-containing drugs is of interest, since the search for antioxidant agents is an important area of research in experimental and clinical pharmacology. Aim. Evaluation of the comparative effectiveness of Reamberin and Cytoflavin (Scientific and technological pharmaceutical company “Polysan”, St.Petersburg) to correct free radical lipid oxidation of rats’ organism membranes induced by ultraviolet radiation. Materials and methods. The animals were divided into 4 groups and each of them had 20 rats: intact animals (1) which were held in standard conditions of vivarium; the control group (2) in which rats were exposed to ultraviolet radiation during three minutes daily; the experimental group (3) in which before ultraviolet radiation animals had a daily intraabdominal intake of the Reamberin in a dose of 100 mg/kg of succinate (20 mL/kg); the experimental group in which before ultraviolet radiation animals had a daily intraabdominal intake of the Cytoflavin in a dose of 100 mg/kg of succinate (1 mL/kg). Results. It was found out that in the blood of experimental animals a daily ultraviolet radiation during three minutes contributes to the increase of lipid hydroperoxides level (by 48-53%), of diene conjugate (by 43-48%), and of malonic dialdehyde (by 48-61%) in the setting of the decrease of antioxidant system activity in the blood of intact animals. The introduction of the succinate-containing drugs to rats in the conditions of oxidative stress contributes to the increase of the duration of rats swimming by 11-28% in 7 days of the experiment. The introduction of the succinate containing Reamberin to rats contributes to the decrease in the blood of lipid hydroperoxides by 16-22%, of diene conjugates - by 16-20%, and of malonic dialdehyde by 15-20% in comparison with the rats of the control group. The introduction of the succinate containing Cytoflavin to rats in the conditions of oxidative stress contributes to the decrease in the blood of lipid hydroperoxides by 23-25%, of diene conjugates - by 23-25%, and of malonic dialdehyde by 24-27% in comparison with the rats of the control group. While analyzing the effect of the succinate containing drugs on the activity of the components of antioxidant system it was shown that the level of ceruloplasmin in the blood of animals was significantly higher by 26-37%, of vitamin E by 25-34%, of catalase by 18-47% in comparison with the same parameters of the rats of the control group. Conclusion. The application of the succinate containing antioxidants in the conditions of ultraviolet radiation of the organism of animals under experiment leads to the stabilization of the processes of peroxidation against the increase of physical endurance of rats. The intraabdominal introduction in laboratory animals of the Cytoflavin in a dose of 100 mg/kg of succinate prevents the accumulation of lipoperoxidation products and increases the activity of main components of the antioxidant system in rats’ blood plasma, which indirectly exceeds similar effect of the Reamberin in a dose of 100 mg/kg of succinate in the conditions of ultraviolet radiation.

The study of the effect of preparations of glucosamine and acetylsalicylic acid on the behavioral reactions and the physical endurance of rats on the model of acute local cold trauma

Aim. To study effect of preparations of glucosamine and acetylsalicylic acid on behavioral actions and physical endurance on the model of acute local cold trauma (CT) in rats.Materials and methods. Contact frostbite was modeled by V. V. Boyko method. The rectal temperature was determined in 40 min after the simulation of the local CT. The state of the central nervous system was assessed 1 hour after CT by behavioral reactions in the “open field” test. The motor activity, orienting research activity, emotional reactions and their vegetative support, number of fecal boluses and urinations were determined.Results and discussion. It has been found that the drugs studied assist to normalization of the rectal temperature, as well as improve the dynamics of recovery of behavioral reactions and the physical activity in rats after acute local cold trauma.Conclusions. On the model of forced swimming with a load after acute local trauma acetylsalicylic acid increased the time of the physical fatigue onset by 1.4 times, Glucosamine-C BCPP by 1.7 times and glucosamine hydrochloride by 1.66 times. Preparations of glucosamine showed the best protective effect.

Assessment of MT-279 compound effect on physical endurance of rats under conditions of chronic hypokinesia

Abstract The objective of the study was to assess the effect of a sodium salt 3-(2-oxo-3-phenyl- 2H-[1,2,4]triazine[2,3-c]quinazolin-6-yl) of propanoic acid (MT-279 compound) on physical endurance of rats under conditions of chronic hypokinesia (15 days) in comparison with 2-ethylthiobenzimidazole hydrobromide (2-ETBI). The results of the conducted experiment showed that chronic hypokinesia (15 days) caused a progressive decrease in the physical endurance of animals. The signs of this phenomenon occurred already on the Day 7 of the experiment. It manifested by a significant decrease in the duration of rats swimming, treadmill runtime and holding on rotating rods (rotarod test). The course of MT-279 compound (2.5 mg/kg, ip) administered to animals in the specified experimental conditions contributed to restoration of physical performance of the study subjects. Upon introduction of the compound, the duration of rats` swimming on Day 7 of the experiment increased by 108.2%, and on Day 15 - by 64.2%. Administration of 2-ETBI caused the growth of this indicator by 70.5% and 24.2%, respectively. Along with this, we revealed an increase of rats` treadmill running time. On Day 7 and Day 15 of the experiment, we recorded 55.2% and 68.4% growth of the indicator, respectively. Daily administration of 2-ETBI contributed to 41.7% and 59.7% increase of running time, respectively. On Day 7 of MT-279 compound administration under the conditions of chronic hypokinesia, the duration of rats` rod retention time increased by 58.7% compared to 6.2% for 2-ETBI. On Day 15 of the experiment, the physical endurance of animals assessed under this test compared to the control group was 89.0% and 72.3%, respectively. On Day 7, MT-279 compound was significantly superior to the comparator drug in all tests performed for assessment of the ability to improve physical endurance under conditions of chronic hypokinesia. On Day 15 of study, the statistically significant superiority of MT-279 compound over 2-ETBI was identified in all forced swimming and rotarod tests.

Hystochrome influence on physical endurance of rats

Introduction. Domestic antioxidant drugs series «Gistohrom®» are based on the marine natural compounds echinochrome A. «Gistohrom®»activates cell energy metabolism and protein synthesis, increases the body’s endurance under extreme physical exertion. The aim of the research was to study effect of different «Gistohrom®» doses on the physical endurance rats. Material and Methods The male Wistar rats were ranked into three groups: group 1 (n = 17) and group 2 (n = 15) for 10 days subcutaneously treated «Gistohrom®» on doses 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively, while the control group (n = 20) received the same quantity of saline injections. Physical endurance (efficiency) was evaluated by the test swim. Results Repeated exposure to extreme physical exertion accompanied by increased efficiency in all groups of animals. In the control group of rats swimming duration increased to 9,31 ± 0,39 min (p < 0,001) and reached maximum values at the 9th day of the experiment. Physical endurance in rats exceeded by 1,7 times comparison reference values when «Gistohrom®» administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg, and by 2,7 times at a 1 mg/kg drug dose. Maximum growth endurance was recorded at 25,59 ± 3,87 minutes after the cancellation of «Gistohrom®» applied in a dose of 10 mg/kg, and at 28,24 ± 4,23 minutes after its administration at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Conclusion . The increase of the time water retention in the control rats group, appears to be the result of long-term adaptation to physical exercise. Increase physical endurance in rats with long-term administration «Gistohrom®» inversely proportional to the administered dose. Perhaps the key mechanism is to modulate the p53 gene activity by echinochrome A.

Synthesis reduction of central neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine by branched chain amino acid and associated antagonists improves postoperative fatigue syndrome

To observe the change of postoperative fatigue in rats after the effect of branched chain amino acid(BCAA) and associated antagonists on central neurotransmitter 5-HT metabolic pathway, and to investigate the role of 5-HT in the development of postoperative fatigue syndrome(POFS). Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(C group, n=10), model group(M group, n=10), L-type amino acid transporter inhibitor group(L group, n=10), 5-HT uptake inhibitor group(F group, n=10) and branched chain amino acids(B group, n=10). The rats in the C group and the M group were injected with normal saline, while other three groups were respectively injected with BCH, fluoxetine, BCAA(val:leucine:isoleucine=5:3:2), on preoperative 1 h, postoperative day 1, 2, 3, 4. The rats, except for those in the C group, underwent resection of 70% of the middle small intestine with end-to-end anastomosis. General status of the rats was observed before and after surgery. Morris water maze test, including the hidden platform test and search space test (detecting the learning ability of rats) and tail suspension test (detecting physical endurance of rats) were used to evaluate the degree of POFS from postoperative day 1 to day 7. Concentration of tryptophan(TRP), 5-HT, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in different position of brain(hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus) of rats were measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) at postoperative day 8. As compared to the M group, other four groups showed better general condition and less fatigue. In the hidden platform test, M group showed the least time of crossing platform as compared to other four groups(all P<0.05). Meanwhile, M group and B group performed the longer incubation period than C group and L group(all P<0.05). In search space test, M group and B group showed less time of crossing platform, but there were no significant differences among the groups(all P>0.05). In tail suspension test, M group and F group showed lower score of physical strength than L group and B group(all P<0.05). Levels of TRP in the L, F, B groups were lower compared to the M group(all P<0.01) in brain tissue. The least concentration of striatum 5-HT was found in the C group but there were no significant differences among the M, L, F and B groups. Level of 5-HIAA in the M group, only in hypothalamus, was higher than that in the F group(P<0.05), but no significant differences between the M group and the L and B groups were found. BCAA and associated antagonists (BCH, fluoxetine) can improve POFS by reducing the absorption of TRP that results in decreased synthesis of central 5-HT.