History Of Physical Education Research Articles

The Initial Stage of the Formation of teaching experimental Physics at the Imperial Moscow University (1755–1791)

Among domestic historians of Pedagogy and education, there has traditionally been a high interest in various aspects of the history of the development of teaching of various disciplines at Moscow University, which is in fact the first classical university in our country. Among the academic subjects that began to be taught at this university almost immediately after its opening was experimental (experimental) Physics.The relevance of the research topic is determined by the fact that Moscow University has been one of the largest centers of domestic higher physics education for more than 250 years, and the state of teaching Physics at this university had a significant impact on the organization of Physics education in our country throughout this period. The beginning of the formation of forms and methods of teaching Physics at Moscow University, as well as the formation of the content of this educational course, dates back to the first decades of the university’s existence, however, this particular period in the history of Physics education at Moscow University is currently the least studied. This makes it difficult to build a holistic picture of the development of Physics teaching in a given higher education institution.Statement of the research problem: to study the process of development of teaching experimental Physics at the Imperial Moscow University in the second half of the 18th century.The goal of the research is to identify the features of the initial stage of the formation of forms and methods of teaching the course of experimental Physics at the Imperial Moscow University in 1755–1791, to study the structure and main elements of the content of this course in the period under review.The research method used is the analysis of literary sources (scientific, reference, memoir-biographical) and educational literature (university Physics textbooks of the second half of the 18th century).The results and key conclusions. The initial stage of development of teaching experimental Physics at the Imperial Moscow University took the first 35 years of its existence. During this period, the Department of Physics was organized, which was replaced by a full-time professor (from among foreigners), as well as the consolidation of the lecture form of teaching and the corresponding verbal and visual teaching methods. The lectures were accompanied by the use of a demonstration experiment. Physics was taught in Latin using modern textbooks at that time, written in foreign languages. By the end of the period under review, as part of the experimental Physics course at Moscow University, students studied exclusively Mechanics and some of its practical applications.

Educating the Body: A History of Physical Education in Canada. M. Ann Hall, Bruce Kidd, and Patricia Vertinsky

<i>Educating the Body: A History of Physical Education in Canada</i>. M. Ann Hall, Bruce Kidd, and Patricia Vertinsky

The Influence of the European Gymnastic Movement on Brazilian Physical Education: A Historical Analysis

This research aims to analyze the influence of the European gymnastic movement on the history of physical education in Brazil. Through a qualitative and bibliographic approach, it seeks to understand how the different European gymnastic methods (Swedish, German, and French) were introduced and adapted to the Brazilian reality, and what their impacts were on the institutionalization of physical education in the country. The analysis shows that European gymnastics played a fundamental role in the training of teachers, the creation of schools and sports associations, and the organization of events and competitions, contributing to building a sports culture and valuing the body and health in Brazilian society. However, the research also points out the challenges and tensions present in this process, such as the need to adapt gymnastic methods to the Brazilian reality and criticism regarding the rigidity and disciplinary nature of some European models.

EDUCAÇÃO E TEORIAS DA APRENDIZAGEM NO CONTEXTO INTERDISCIPLINAR

Formal education is divided into areas of knowledge, which include different disciplines to facilitate the teaching-learning process. However, the fragmentation of content impairs an important factor for learning, which is significance. To this end, interdisciplinarity has the mission of re-signifying these contents, showing how the disciplines complement each other. The present work aims to discuss the concept and applicability of Interdisciplinarity in School Physical Education. To this end, a research was carried out on the history of Physical Education and the relationship with the teaching professional of the discipline, as well as the methods of integration of the contents of Physical Education with the other disciplines, and how the theories of learning contribute to this process. It is understood that interdisciplinarity is an effective method to unite different knowledge and provide more defined and applied meanings in the student’s routine.

Aerobic capacity as an indicator of health

The exercise was carried out to evaluate and classify the level of physical fitness as an indicator of health, to measure the aerobic capacity, which in turn indicates the level of physical fitness. To achieve the objective, The most well-known test in the history of physical education is the Cooper running test, which is a maximum and field test, suitable for all age groups, teenagers, women and men, consists of running for 12 minutes, which refers to enduranceaerobics, which is the ability to tolerate fatigue caused by exercise, managing to maintain the pace and intensity for a long time without a considerable drop in physical performance. The sample consisted of 44 2nd year students, in the 1st academic semester of 2022 at the Escola Superior de Ciências do Desporto (ESCIDE) of the Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM). The main measure for assessing aerobic capacity is maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max=distance-504.1/44.9), which indicates the maximum and integrated capacity of the organism to extract, transport and use oxygen molecules as an energy substrate. The evaluation was carried out on an athletics track with a 400 meter loop. Once the Cooper test was completed, the individual results obtained in the evaluation were compared and using the average health indicator Table 1 of maximum VO2 for running, Table 2 women and Table 3 men, whose classification range is between very poor, poor, sufficient, good, excellent and higher education, resulted in an assessment of the students' physical fitness level as 1 poor, 6 sufficient, 11 good, 12 excellent and 14 superior.

Educating the Body: A History of Physical Education in Canada by M. Ann Hall, Bruce Kidd, and Patricia Vertinsky

Educating the Body: A History of Physical Education in Canada by M. Ann Hall, Bruce Kidd, and Patricia Vertinsky

Pedagogical Integration of Core Literacy in College Physical Education and Health Courses Based on Data Mining Techniques

Abstract At universities and colleges today, physical education is overly regimented and ignores students’ basic health literacy. This study aims to investigate this phenomenon by examining the state of physical education instruction in colleges and universities nowadays using data mining techniques. In order to retrieve information on the essential literacies of health and physical education courses at colleges and universities, the study first builds a data mining framework using data clustering analysis, association rule extraction, and decision tree algorithms. The teaching-coordination-level model of the core literacies of physical education and health courses is established utilizing the entropy power approach, and the development history of physical education is examined. To determine the best teaching technique for integrating the core literacies of physical education and health courses, an experiment was conducted using College A as an example. The findings indicate that following the trial, students in the experimental class had substantial improvements in their physical and health literacy scores, with the exception of physical fitness (P&gt;0.05). In the previous 10 years, the mean value of the coupling coordination was between 0.6683. The integration of the essential literacies of physical education and health courses accounted for more than 90% of the total credit hours earned in the best colleges and universities. In addition to enhancing physical education abilities, the integration of health and physical education curricula with core literacy in colleges and universities supports the general development of students’ health literacy.

History of Physical Culture and Sports» as a factor of patriotic education of higher education students

In this article, the focus is on the deliberate and organized pedagogical process of instilling patriotism in future professionals of physical education and sports, with the aim of preserving and passing on national values and traditions. Specifically, this pertains to the field of physical education and sports, fostering loyalty and love for one's homeland, readiness to defend it, and the promotion of patriotic education among Ukrainian youth.&#x0D; The author has developed a theoretical model for a system of patriotic education among students through the study of the history of physical education and sports. The primary goal of this model is to nurture patriotism, encompassing knowledge of the domestic history of physical education and sports within the context of global events, reverence for Ukrainian traditions in physical education and sports, pride in the achievements of Ukrainian athletes, a sense of the need to honor one's ancestors, the desire to pass on Ukrainian traditions to the younger generation, and a readiness to defend the homeland.&#x0D; The possibilities of the educational component "History of Physical Education and Sports" as a means of patriotic education for students are explored. The proposed content of this component intertwines topics from both global and domestic history, providing a comprehensive understanding of events in Ukraine as an integral part of global and European processes.&#x0D; The article also highlights the pedagogical conditions for the effectiveness of the system of patriotic education through the "History of Physical Education and Sports," which include the demonstration of patriotism and pedagogical skill by the instructor, the examination of the history of physical education and sports in Ukraine within the context of world history, the inheritance of the cultural heritage of the Ukrainian people, and the observance of academic integrity.

Implementation Strategies and Theoretical Analysis of Physical Education Classroom Teaching under the Chinese Healthy Physical Education Curriculum Model

Based on the “Compulsory Education Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standards” and the “General High School Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standards”, a thorough analysis was conducted on the history of physical education in China, the principles and framework of the HPE curriculum model, and previous implementation strategies. The article elucidates the theoretical foundations of physical education, such as sports education theory and constructivist learning, as well as evaluation and assessment techniques. It concludes with the significance of technology integration, community partnerships, and teacher training in the current HPE curriculum, offering strategies and recommendations for educators and policymakers to effectively implement the HPE curriculum.

HISTORICAL PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION OF THE ETHNIC CONCEPT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

he relevance of the study is due to the observation of complex problems of a scientific-theoretical, socio-economic, as well as practical nature, the disclosure of which is aimed at arguing ethnic aspects that formulate a conceptual understanding of the modern system of physical education. The purpose of this study is to identify the prerequisites and general regularities of the formation of the ethnic concept of physical education based on the description of historical facts, their scientific explanations and previously advanced hypotheses. From the modern point of view, in the context of the development of physical education and the policy of sports movement, there is a need to review the state's theoretical and methodological approaches to the assessment of the role of historical facts, events and specific people. We believe that an adequate attitude to the problem of the history of physical education and the historical heritage of the past will allow us to learn the lessons of history and find optimal means for managing the process of physical education of the young generation.

دراسة لتقييم مستوى الاداء لمشاركة المنتخب الوطني العراقي بكرة الهدف (الجرس) للمكفوفين المتقدمين في البطولات الآسيوية لفترة (2014-2022)

من الاهمية دراسة التاريخ كونه يمدنا بحلول للمشكلات المعاصرة في ضوء خبرات الماضي، ودراسة سلبيات وايجابيات هذه الحلول، وانطلاقا من مبدأ أن ذوي الإعاقة البصرية طاقة بشرية لابد من استثمارها بما يخدم تقدم وازدهار المجتمع، فمن الأهمية تسليط الضوء على هذه الفئة والإسهام بنقل صورة مشرفة عنها، قد تكون دافعا للآخرين ممن اوقفهم انطفاء شعاع النور والبصيرة عن اكمال حياتهم لشرارة امل تعيد لهم شغفهم في الحياة، وتهدف الدراسة إلى: توثيق نشأة كرة الهدف للمكفوفين البارالمبية العراقية، وتوثيق تشكيلة اللاعبين والجهاز الإداري والفني للمنتخب العراقي بكرة الهدف للمكفوفين الرجال المتقدمين في البطولات الآسيوية للمدة (2014-2022)، وتوثيق مشاركة وانجازات المنتخب العراقي بكرة الهدف للمكفوفين الرجال المتقدمين في البطولات الآسيوية للمدة (2014-2022)، ونقد وتحليل مشاركة وانجازات المنتخب العراقي بكرة الهدف للمكفوفين الرجال المتقدمين في البطولات الآسيوية للمدة (2014-2022)، والتعرف على أهم الأسباب والمعوقات التي حالت دون تحقيق المنتخب العراقي بكرة الهدف للمكفوفين الرجال المتقدمين في البطولات الآسيوية نتائج متقدمة. اعتمدت الباحثتان المنهج التاريخي الاستدلالي، بالاعتماد على النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها لمشاركة منتخب كرة الهدف للمكفوفين الرجال فئة المتقدمين في البطولات الاسيوية للمدة من عام 2014م ولغاية عام 2022م، وذلك لملائمة هذا المنهج وأهداف الدراسة، واختارت الباحثتان بطريقة عمدية مجتمع وعينة الدراسة من لاعبي منتخب كرة الهدف للمكفوفين الرجال فئة المتقدمين، وعدد من المدربين والإداريين في الاتحاد العراقي لكرة الهدف للمكفوفين، وبلغ العدد الكلي للمجتمع والعينة 12 بين لاعب وإداري، وهم الذين شاركوا في البطولات الآسيوية للمدة المحددة قيد الدراسة.قامت الباحثتان بالاطلاع على عدد من المراجع العلمية في مجال تاريخ التربية الرياضية ورياضة ذوي الإعاقة والإعاقة البصرية فضلا عن الدراسات والبحوث المرتبطة في كتابة الإطار النظري للدراسة، بالإضافة الى الصحف والمجلات، كما اعتمدت الباحثتان في حصولهما على نتائج المشاركات من المواقع الالكترونية المعتمدة كالاتحاد الدولي لرياضات المكفوفين IBSA والاتحاد البارالمبي لمنطقة غرب آسيا WAPF، اضافة الى ذلك فقد تم الاعتماد على المقابلات الشخصية مع اللاعبين المشاركين في البطولات الآسيوية للمدة (2014- 2022)، وعدد من إداريي الاتحاد وفق استبانة غير مقننة، أعدت من قبل الباحثتين هدفها تنظيم الأسئلة وتبويبها بشكل علمي، للتعرف على المعلومات المتعلقة بمشكلة الدراسة، فضلا عن التعرف على أهم الأسباب والمعوقات التي حالت دون تحقيق نتائج متقدمة في بعض البطولات الآسيوية المحددة قيد الدراسة.استنتجت الباحثتان في ضوء النتائج المتحصلة من الدراسة: أن مشاركة منتخب كرة الهدف للمكفوفين الرجال المتقدمين في البطولات الإقليمية الاسيوية بالمستوى المطلوب كون التنافس مع منتخبات لها باع طويل في هذه الرياضة مع توفر الإمكانيات بشكل أفضل، وإن مشاركة منتخب كرة الهدف للمكفوفين الرجال المتقدمين حققت انجازا عاليا بحصول المنتخب على الميداليات الذهبية والفضية في الدورات الثلاث لغرب آسيا، كون ان لاعبي المنتخب امتلكوا الخبرة في خوض المنافسات على صعيد المنتخبات المشاركة في هذه البطولة، وان توافر ‏الجوانب اللوجستية المتمثلة بالدعم والامكانيات والجهود المبذولة من قبل لاعبي منتخب كرة الهدف للمكفوفين الرجال فئة المتقدمين والجهاز الإداري والفني، ‏فضلا عن الاختيار المناسب في التوقيت والمكان، لزج لاعبي المنتخب في المعسكرات الداخلية والخارجية، كل ذلك أسهم في تحقيق ‏المراكز المتقدمة والإنجاز العالي.في ضوء ما توصلت له الباحثتان من نتائج، جاءت أهم التوصيات: ضرورة تحليل ونقد المشاركات والانجازات ‏لمنتخبات ذوي الإعاقة البصرية ‏في مختلف الرياضات، ‏تحليلا يستند إلى المنهجية العلمية، ‏وذلك لكون أي تطور نسعى إليه في أي مجال كان، لابد لنا من الوقوف على أهم الإيجابيات ومحاولة بذل مجهود اكبر، كما ان عدم تحقيق المستوى المتقدم والمطلوب، يدعونا إلى التعرف على أهم المعوقات والأسباب التي حالت دون تحقيق المستوى المطلوب والإنجاز العالي ومن ثم محاولة إيجاد الحلول الملائمة لها، وضرورة زيادة الاهتمام برياضة ذوي الاعاقة البصرية كونهم ‏يعدون طاقة بشرية خلاقة تسهم في تقدم المجتمع وازدهاره، ضرورة الاهتمام بالدراسات التاريخية لمختلف الفعاليات والحقب الزمنية، كونها تعيننا في وضع الخطط الاستراتيجية والتنبؤ بالمستقبل، والسعي لتوفير كافة المستلزمات من قاعات واجهزة وأدوات حديثة في التدريب، والتي تسهم في الارتقاء بمستوى تدريب كرة الهدف للمكفوفين الى أعلى ما يمكن.

The Flipped Classroom and the Development of Competences: A Teaching Innovation Experience in Higher Education

Because of the changes in society, the educational scope must implement teaching–learning methodologies that help students to develop the competences that will be necessary in their academic–professional journey. This study presents a teaching innovation experience that is based on the flipped classroom methodology, which was carried out with 136 students (academic year: 2019–2020) in the subject of “Theory and History of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sport” of the degree of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences of the University of Seville. The methodology of the study combines qualitative and quantitative approaches (mixed methods) through a pre-experimental design. The results show that there were significant differences in the acquisition of knowledge after the application of the methodology, which had a significant impact on the students’ competence levels. Moreover, the students presented high levels of satisfaction in different areas. This allows for the conclusion that it is important for this methodology to continue in later courses, given its contribution to the competences that are related to the formal aspects and that are linked to research and organisation. Recommendations for practice are presented at the end of this article.

Report on the Seminar for Studies in the History of Physical Education and Sport. Comment: Foucault’s Genealogy and Governmentality in Edo Period Discourses on Health and Body

Report on the Seminar for Studies in the History of Physical Education and Sport. Comment: Foucault’s Genealogy and Governmentality in Edo Period Discourses on Health and Body

Unikáty oděvní sbírky Oddělení dějin tělesné výchovy a sportu Národního muzea

The Department of the History of Physical Education and Sport of the National Museum preserves among others also numerous textile objects that document physical education and sport activities in our region. From the mid-19th century to the present day, sport has been interwoven with the cultural and historical events in our country. The collections of sport paraphernalia document the leisure activities of the general population as well as, especially in the modern history, their occupation and socioeconomic status. By studying clothing collections, it is possible to extract the technological processes of the production of the materials, the development of fashion trends, the social division of the society or the political preferences of a state or a group. This article focuses on unique objects of Department of the History of Physical Education and Sport clothing collections.

Cestovní deníky československých sportovců

The travel diaries of important personalities enrich historical research with the subjective perception of the new places explored. It is no different for sportsmen and women who wrote down their observations during their foreign trips with the national team. So far, these materials have not been used for the study of the history of physical education and sport, nor in other fields. The aim of this study is to introduce this new source of information. Only the most successful athletes are selected to represent their country in international competitions. In any era, it is both an honour and a responsibility. In the past, if the event took place abroad, many saw it as an opportunity to make new discoveries. Some felt the need to record their findings in writing in the form of a diary. This then became an autobiographical source, which was usually not written for public reading. It thus preserves often research-valuable information from the author’s inner world, reflecting the world around them. The source is useful not only for the study of the history of sport, but also for the study of travel and international relations.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHER EDUCATION IN TURKEY: A VISION FORWARD

Physical education in Turkey has a rich tradition evolving with the changing needs of the country for about 200 years. Much of the evolution has been a product of reflection on the history of physical education and an analysis of the current status of physical education. By examining these areas, pioneers of physical education in Turkey have been able to lead efforts through an ever-changing landscape of societal, personal, and educational needs of students. Considering the developing technological possibilities and the requirements of the age, it is essential to develop educational practices with innovative understanding in the field of physical education and teacher education programs today. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief contextual overview of the history of physical education in Turkey, including teacher preparation as well as an overview of the current status of the field in schools. Building on this information, a vision forward for physical education teacher preparation will be provided leveraging the deep traditions of physical education planted in Turkey generations ago. In this context, the responsibilities of universities and other stakeholders in order to improve the physical education teacher education program will be explained with some examples and also recommendations will be provided.

The origin and development of gymnastics events in France

The article analyzes the main stages of the origin and formation of gymnastics events in France since the beginning of the XIX century to 1942 on the basis of the works of leading French scientists. The development of gymnastics in France does not attract much attention of Ukrainian specialists whose scientific interests are related to the study of physical education and sports in European countries, so the practical issues of our research will complement and expand the relevant courses on the history of physical education for students in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the main historical aspects of the development of gymnastics events in France. To achieve it, the following tasks should be performed: to analyze the literature on research issues; to identify key dates in the history of gymnastics in France; to describe the role of personalities who have contributed most to the evolution of the field in this country. According to the results of the study, we conclude that the greatest influence on the development of gymnastics in France since the beginning of the XIX century to 1942 was made by Francisco Amorós, Napoléon Laisné, Eugène Paz, Charles Cazalet, Joseph Sansbœuf, Georges Demenÿ, Philippe Auguste Tissié. In the middle of the XIX century the institutionalization of gymnastics took place at the level of hospitals (1847), military services (1852) and school (1854). In the last quarter of the XIX century, physical education became a compulsory subject in primary and secondary schools for boys and girls. The Union of Gymnastics Societies of France was founded September 28, 1873 by Eugène Paz. In 1942, it was merged with the French Womenʼs Gymnastics and Physical Education Federation, which formed French Gymnastics Federation. French gymnasts since the beginning of Olympic Games in Paris (1900) have always shown consistently high results at competitions and tournaments of various scales, but since the 1930s it has begun to decline. Our further research will focus on a thorough study of the history of womenʼs gymnastics in France as well as the evolution of this sport in the period since 1942 to 2022.

A Historical Metamorphosis of Physical Education and Extra-curricular School Sport Activities in Chatsworth, Durban, South Africa (1960–2020)

Chatsworth is a township, which was consciously designed by the South African apartheid government in order to suppress its residents’ educational, social, financial, spiritual, and physical development. The primary aim of this article is to chronologically describe the history of Physical Education and extra-curricular school sport from 1960 to 2020, in the community of Chatsworth, through review of national, provincial, and local educational policies and extra-curricular school sport management structures. A narrative literature surveillance was completed using Google Scholar and Sabinet. Key search terms were “Chatsworth,” “physical education,” and “school sport.” The search identified 2050 records, of which only six were ultimately included. The records were assessed for researcher, bias employing a modified Downs and Black Appraisal scale. Due to the paucity of literature recounting the history of Chatsworth’s Physical Education and extra-curricular school sport, interviews were conducted with two proponent Chatsworth physical education teachers. The article describes the national and provincial education curriculum reforms that influenced Physical Education and extra-curricular school sport in Chatsworth.

가노지고로의 유학생 체육 교육이 동아시아 체육사에 미친 영향

본 연구는 가노지고로의 유학생 체육교육이 동아시아에 어떻게 적용, 전파되었는지에 근원적 본질을 밝히고자 한다. 이상의 관점에서 진행된 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가노지고로의 청나라 유학생 교육은 가쓰 가이슈의 흥아론을 기반으로 청나라의 발전을 위한 교육이었지만 조선인 유학생 교육은 국학자들의 탈아론에 영향을 받아 내선일체의 수단으로 사용되었다. 둘째, 가노지고로가 청나라 유학생들에게 전파한 체육 사상은 신체를 잘 연마하면 체육은 사회생활의 방법이 되고 이 목표를 달성할 경우 비로소 자신과 타인이 함께 성장하는 기초가 된다는 자타공영의 사상이었다. 이 사상은 청나라 유학생 양창하에게 전파 되었고 양창하는 다시 중국 형성에 큰 영향을 미친 마우쩌둥의 체육 사상에 큰 영향을 미치게 된다. 셋째, 가노지고로는 조선인 유학생들에게 체육 교육의 문호를 개방하였고 여기에 유학을 다녀온 조선인 유학생들은 가노지고로의 사상적 종지인 정력선용, 자타공영의 사상을 문화변용(文化變容)하여 일제에 협력하는 수단 또는 민족 자강의 수단으로 조선에 적용하게 된다.

The Camel from Alexandria: Egyptian Sources of Ancient Sport*

A widespread system of sporting competitions existed in the Mediterranean world of Greco-Roman antiquity. Egypt played an interesting role in these competitions – and ancient Grecian sport had deep roots there. A variety of Egyptian sources, including papyri, stone inscriptions, and pictorial representations, document these sporting practices. This paper is based on a lecture delivered in 2017 for the opening ceremony of the 18th International Society for the History of Physical Education and Sport Congress at the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Egypt.