Physical Comfort Research Articles

A Study of the Impact of APTS on Service Quality Perceptions of Elderly and Disabled Riders

New transportation technology that directly impacts consumers should be evaluated by the people who are affected. Automated dispatching has become standard practice for paratransit services. This article summarizes a study analyzing consumer response to the Mobility Manager at a demonstration site in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.The Mobility Manager was applied to the TransAID demand-responsive mini-bus service for people who are elderly or who have disabilities. Survey data from two questionnaires, before and after the implementation of the Mobility Manager for the same subjects, were used to examine travel behavior and perceived service quality. These travelers reported service improvements such as easier telephone access and shorter travel times. The respondents’ travel patterns after implementation of the Mobility Manager remained stable. This article also provides econometric estimates of the change in the number of trips as a function of the change in travel attributes affected by implementation of the Mobility Manager. Changes in the number of trips by survey respondents were treated as a Poisson random variable. Results from a Poisson regression show that the primary beneficiaries of the Mobility Manager were riders with disabilities. Perceived service attributes that significantly affected changes in trips were length of trip, number of stops picking up additional passengers, and physical comfort.

Age-related differences in experienced patient-centred care among women with endometriosis

Younger women with endometriosis report lower quality of life and seek more care. Patient-centeredness is a central part of quality of care. The aim of this study was to investigate if women younger than 35 years experience endometriosis care as less patient-centred than women 35 years and older. The ENDOCARE Questionnaire was sent to 1000 randomly selected women with verified endometriosis from 10 clinics in Sweden. Answers from 469 women were analysed using Mann–Whitney’s U-test and Spearman’s correlation. Our findings show that younger women experience care as less patient-centred regarding ‘Physical comfort,’ ‘Continuity,’ ‘Access to care,’ ‘Technical skills,’ and overall patient-centeredness score in comparison with older women. On the contrary, younger women experience more patient-centeredness in ‘Emotional support’. Positive correlations were found for age and ‘Access to care’ and ‘Technical skills’, while a negative correlation was found for age and ‘Emotional support’. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? There is a need for improvement of quality of endometriosis care. Patient-centeredness is an important part of care improvement work. Many factors have an impact on experienced patient-centeredness in endometriosis care, whereof age is one possible determinant. Given the impact of age on QoL and care seeking behaviour, age may also have influence on the experience patient-centeredness. What do the results of this study add? Our findings show that younger women experience their endometriosis care as less patient-centred than older women. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Our results highlight the need of improvement of endometriosis care, especially for younger women. The results contribute to the understanding of the experience of patient-centeredness, which may be used as a guidance to how healthcare recourses should be allocated. Further research is needed to identify other factors contributing to the experience of patient-centeredness. Future studies could also evaluate how different interventions can improve patient-centeredness.

Views of patients with obesity on person-centred care: A Q-methodology study.

To better accommodate patients with obesity, the adoption of a person-centred approach to healthcare seems to be imperative. Eight dimensions are important for person-centred care (PCC): respect for patients' preferences, physical comfort, the coordination of care, emotional support, access to care, the continuity of care, the provision of information and education, and the involvement of family and friends. The aim of this study was to explore the views of patients with obesity on the relative importance of the dimensions of PCC. Q methodology was used to study the viewpoints of 21 patients with obesity on PCC. Respondents were asked to rank 31 statements about the eight dimensions of PCC by level of personal significance. Using by-person factor analysis, distinct viewpoints were identified. Respondents' comments made while ranking were used to verify and refine the interpretation of the viewpoints. Five distinct viewpoints were identified: (1) 'someone who listens in an unbiased manner', (2) 'everything should run smoothly', (3) 'interpersonal communication is key', (4) 'I want my independence', and (5) 'support for myself and my loved ones'. Viewpoint 1 was supported by the largest number of respondents and explained the most variance in the data, followed by viewpoint 3 and the other viewpoints, respectively. Our findings highlight the need for tailored care in obesity treatment and shed light on aspects of care and support that are most important for patients with obesity. Our sample consisted of patients. Patients were also involved in the development of the statement set through pilot testing.

Co-designed and consensus based development of a quality improvement checklist of patient and family-centered actionable processes of care for adults with persistent critical illness

PurposeFew quality improvement tools specific to patients with persistent or chronic critical illness exist to aid delivery of high-quality care. Using experience-based co-design methods, we sought consensus from key stakeholders on the most important actionable processes of care for inclusion in a quality improvement checklist. MethodsItem generation methods: systematic review, semi-structured interviews (ICU survivors and family) members, touchpoint video creation, and semi-structured interviews (ICU clinicians). Consensus methods: modified online Delphi and a virtual meeting using nominal group technique methods. ResultsWe enrolled 138 ICU interprofessional team, patients, and family members. We obtained consensus on a quality improvement checklist comprising 11 core domains: patient and family involvement in decision-making; patient communication; physical comfort and complication prevention; promoting self-care and normalcy; ventilator weaning; physical therapy; swallowing; pharmacotherapy; psychological issues; delirium; and appropriate referrals. An additional 27 actionable processes are contained within 6 core domains that provide more specific direction on the actionable process to be targeted. ConclusionsUsing a highly collaborative and methodologically rigorous process, we generated a quality improvement checklist of actionable processes to improve patient and family-centred care considered important by key stakeholders. Future research is needed to understand optimal implementation strategies and impact on outcomes and experience.

Parents' perceptions of the quality of infant sleep behaviours and practices: A qualitative systematic review

AbstractA systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted to explore how parents perceive sleep quality in their infants aged 0–24 months and the factors that influence these perceptions. A systematic search of the databases Scopus, Embase, Cinahl, PsycInfo and MEDLINE, was undertaken to identify eligible peer‐reviewed studies published between 2006–2021. Ten papers met inclusion criteria and were subsequently included in the review. Evaluation of papers with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist classified papers as weak, moderate or strong, with half considered strong. Thematic synthesis identified one superordinate theme, culture, and five interrelated subordinate themes regarding how parents perceive their infant's sleep and the factors that may influence these perceptions. These themes were: (1) Infants physical and emotional comfort; (2) Beliefs regarding safety; (3) Parental and familial wellbeing; (4) Perceived degree of infant agency; (5) Influence of external beliefs and opinions. The findings from this review may assist practitioners in providing parents with personalized and culturally sensitive information regarding infant sleep and may also inform antenatal and early intervention practices, subsequently minimizing parental distress regarding infant sleep patterns.

Effects of different anesthetic depth during propofol anesthesia on postoperative recovery 24h after arthroscopic day surgery: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: This study aimed to compare the effects of different depths of sedation during propofol anesthesia on postoperative recovery 24 h after knee arthroscopy day surgery in adult patients. Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial involved 126 patients (ASA physical status 1–2) who were scheduled to undergo arthroscopic day surgery. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: the light-sedation (L-Group) or deep-sedation (D-Group). In the L-group, the bispectral index values were kept in the range of 50–59; in the D-group, the bispectral index values were maintained in the range of 40–49. The Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) score assessed 24 h postoperatively using a 15-item questionnaire was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included Athens Insomnia Scale scores, postoperative pain scores, nausea or vomiting. Results: The total QoR-15 score 24 h postoperatively was similar in the two groups (L-group median:130, IQR [127–132] vs. D-group median:131, IQR [126–135], p = 0.089). But among the five dimensions of the QoR-15, physiological comfort was significantly better in the D-group than L-group (p < 0.001). The time to open eyes (p < 0.001), follow the command (p < 0.001) and to extubation (p < 0.001) after surgery in the L-group were shorter than the D-group. The Athens Insomnia Scale scores (p < 0.001) and incidence of dreaming (p = 0.041) at the first postoperative night in the L-group was significantly higher than those in the D-group. Propofol consumption in the L-group was less than D-group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: For patients undergoing arthroscopic day surgery, general anesthesia with high-bispectral-index (50–59) cannot improve the total QoR-15 score 24 h postoperatively after surgery, but can lessen propofol consumption, reduce the time of extubation and anesthesia recovery period, compared with low-bispectral-index (40–49). Patients exposed to general anesthesia with low-bispectral-index values (40–49) may have better quality sleep and physical comfort than those with high-bispectral-index values (50–59). Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=126526, identifier ChiCTR2100046340

Factors interfering with the adoption of good hygiene practices in public school food services in Bahia, Brazil.

This cross-sectional study aimed to identify factors that interfere with the adoption of good hygiene practices in public school food services (SFS) in Bahia, Brazil. The search was conducted in public schools in Bahia/Brazil. Data collection included (i) evaluation of the adoption of Good Practices in school food services through visual observation and registration in the checklist in Good Hygienic Practices in School Food Services; (ii) Identification of schools' foodservice physical areas and environmental comfort measures; (iii) identification of sociodemographic and occupational characteristics and assessment of attitudes and level of knowledge in food hygiene. The minimum sample of 158 schools (confidence level of 95% and an error of 5%) was stratified considering the total number of districts (areas) and the schools' number per area. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Science—SPSS® in version 26.0. The categorical variables were described as frequencies and percentages, and the quantitative variables as mean and standard deviation. Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis with Tukey's post-hoc tests were used to examine qualitative variables. Independent Student t-test and ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc tests were used to examine quantitative variables. Categorical variables were evaluated by Pearson Chi-squared tests. The Pearson test was used to analyze the correlation between Attitude and knowledge. The classification of the sanitary status was of moderate risk in 74.8% (n = 119) of the SFS (51-75% of compliance) and 25.2% (n = 40) at high risk (26-50% compliance). The average percentage of compliance for the 159 SFS in the municipality was 50.23%, obtaining a high-risk classification (26–50% compliance). In the SFS, the absence of dry goods' storage, meat preparation area, and storage of residues in more than 98% of schools was observed. Accessing attitudes, 1.4% (n = 2) of the food handlers were classified as unsatisfactory (0 to 49% of correct answers), 8.5% (n = 12) as satisfactory with restriction (50–69% of correct answers) and 90.1% (n = 128) as satisfactory. There was no correlation between Attitude and Knowledge level (p = 0.394). Considering the knowledge level, the item with the highest and lowest number of hits were: “To avoid food contamination, I wash and disinfect my hands before preparing food” and “Contaminated food will always have some change in color, smell, or taste”. There was a significant difference in the level of knowledge considering mean wage (p = 0.000), time working in school food service (p = 0.001), weekly workday (p = 0.000), and participation in food hygiene training (p = 0.000). Therefore, factors that interfered in adopting good practices in the SFS were: inadequate physical structure, absence of areas in the SFS, and absence/low number of equipment to control the production process in the cold and hot chain. Food handlers showed satisfactory attitudes and level of knowledge. However, the physical structure of the SFS compromises the adoption of good practices. It risks the safety of the food served to students at the evaluated public schools.

"The Room Was Quite Small by American Standards": Are Online Hotel Reviews Culture Specific?

Hotel bookings are increasingly made online, and many travelers rely on eWOM in the form of peer hotel reviews. These reviews potentially contain information of great relevance to the tourism industry and offer a unique and ever-expanding corpus of unsolicited data. If these data are investigated systematically, it may provide insights that would enable hotel managers to be proactive in their marketing. The present study focuses on the underresearched area of the potential impact of nationality on the reviews. Using a corpus of authentic American and German hotel reviews and the qualitative, phenomenologically inspired method of systematic text condensation, this study investigates the impact of national culture on review comments in order to establish whether nationality makes a difference for the themes and attitudes expressed. The data indicate that Americans are more likely to focus on old-world charm, romance, physical comfort, personal service/relations, and problemsolving than are Germans. The overall results of this qualitative study allow us to conclude that there are indeed differences between the German and the American reviews to a degree that is worth pursuing in future mixed-methods research and that may have practice implications for hotel managers.

Massage Therapy: A Person-Centred Approach to Chronic Pain.

Person-centred care is an emergent movement within evidence-based medicine that has the potential to transform the health care system. Person-centred care is a collaborative approach in which health care professionals partner with patients to co-design and deliver personalized care with a focus on physical comfort, emotional well-being, and patient empowerment. By embracing person-centred care through two-way communication, patient engagement, and self-management strategies, massage therapists have the potential to further reduce suffering associated with chronic pain in our society.

Guided imagery: Harnessing the power of imagination to combat workplace stress for health care professionals

In these unprecedented times, health care professionals have experienced new levels of stress, creating a greater risk for burnout, poor physical and mental health, and unhealthy coping behaviors. Guided Imagery offers an effective, low cost method to quickly counteract the stress response and turn on the relaxation response, even with a brief practice. Guided Imagery uses descriptive language to evoke a pleasant, relaxing multi-sensory experience to improve mood, cognition, and physical comfort. Guided imagery recordings from respected health institutions abound, often free of charge, and when health care professionals have access to these resources and the support of their health care settings to engage in these abbreviated practices, they can feel restored and revitalized after just a few minutes of Guided Imagery.

Feasibility and Satisfaction with Virtual Trainings for Evidence-Based Child Trauma Treatments during the COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a change to virtual formats for evidence-based treatment trainings, including child trauma treatments. However, there has been limited research on trainee perceptions of virtual training. The present study examined trainee experiences in statewide dissemination of Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy (TF-CBT) and Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) in both virtual and in-person formats. In all models, participants reported several benefits of virtual trainings related to pragmatics, balancing personal obligations, overall physical and emotional comfort, and increased access. Within treatment models, there were some relative weaknesses noted about virtual training compared to the in-person format. Virtual PCIT participants perceived lower knowledge gains and stated that the teaching format was not as conducive to learning. Virtual TF-CBT participants noted lower intention to use the treatment model and assessment measures. Virtual CPP participants did not note any perceived weaknesses. Despite these relative weaknesses noted, overall feasibility and satisfaction remained high across both formats, supporting virtual training as a feasible and acceptable format. Written feedback demonstrated significant variability in format preference, suggesting that multiple format options could create a more inclusive and accessible space. Lessons learned include increasing technological competencies and breaks, acknowledging the benefits and challenges of virtual training, and holding benevolence for trainees and trainers. The results of this study have implications for clinicians, trainers, and stakeholders seeking virtual dissemination and implementation methods.

University Library Space Renovation Based on the User Learning Experience in Two Wuhan Universities.

University library spaces play an important role in the learning experience of students. However, the traditional designs for these learning spaces no longer meet the needs of users, and researchers have been turning their attention to university library space renovation. By combing existing theories and practices, this study determined a framework of six university library space renovation design principles and subsequently conducted a survey to examine university library space user learning experience in two university libraries in Wuhan, China. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS. From the questionnaire-based survey results, this study determined seven design elements that affect the learning experience of university library users. The results of binary logistic regression showed that two elements, indoor physical space comfort and indoor acoustic environment comfort, have positive effects on the frequency and length of visits to the library. Key spatial elements that can promote library space users’ learning experience were also identified, thus providing data that can reliably inform future design strategies for the space renovation of university libraries.

Efficiency of treatment and diagnostic algorithms in the rehabilitation program of women after hysterectomy with opportunist salpingectomy due to uterine myoma

Objectives: to determine the effectiveness of the rehabilitation program in women of reproductive age with uterine fibroids for correction of genitourinary syndrome after hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy.Materials and methods. 160 women were examined after hysterectomy with fallopian tubes. State of the urogenital tract and urogenital dysfunction researched with the using the POP-Q system, the Barlow scale, vaginoscopy. Also it was used evaluation of the vaginal pH and mucosal microbiota state, assessment of the vaginal health index according to G. Bochmann, assessment of the impact of vulvovaginal symptoms on the life’s quality with the MOS SF-36 questionnaire in the dynamics of the postoperative period. The treatment algorithm included local preparations of hyaluronic acid, lactobacillus preparations in combination with vitamin D solution, in case of a severe course – topical estrogens, in case of vasomotor symptoms – estradiol 50 μg/day and vitamin D 4000 IU daily or 20,000 IU once a week.Results. Manifestations of genitourinary syndrome were revealed 1 year after surgery, namely: hypotrophy of the vaginal mucous membrane in 36.3% of women, urinary incontinence in almost a third of patients, prolapse of the vaginal walls of the I–II degree in 8.8% of women, a pathological microscopic picture in 68.1% of female. The proposed algorithms in the rehabilitation program made it possible to eliminate or reduce the severity of genitourinary symptoms 5 years after hysterectomy, in particular, to reduce the frequency of vulvovaginal atrophy by 25%, to normalize the biocenosis and pH of the vaginal contents, to reduce the clinical manifestations of urination disorders (pollakiuria and nocturia by 14% and 12,8%, respectively), feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder by 12.9%, stress urinary incontinence by 17.9%, vaginal prolapse by 13.3% compared to the group with standard postoperative management.Conclusions. Hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy for uterine fibroids has a positive effect on the life’s quality of patients by improving the physical comfort due to the reduction of clinical symptoms of uterine fibroids. However, changes in the quality of life after surgical intervention associated with disturbances in the psycho-emotional sphere were recorded in 49.4% of women, including those provoked by the manifestation of genitourinary syndrome in 19.3%. The proposed algorithm in the rehabilitation program made it possible to reduces the severity of genitourinary symptoms.

The Meaning of "Hygiene" and Its Linked Practices in a Low-Income Urban Community in Bangladesh.

Improving hygiene practices is considered to be the single most cost-effective means of reducing the global health burden of infectious diseases. Hygiene promotion and disease prevention interventions often portray and promote “hygiene” from a biomedical perspective, which may not be optimally effective for achieving their goal of changing people’s behaviors. This study aimed to educe the meaning of hygiene for the residents of a low-income community in Bangladesh and how that meaning shapes their personal hygiene practices. We conducted this study in the Tongi township in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from September 2014 to June 2016. The research team purposively selected 24 households. The team conducted day-long observations using the participant observation approach and in-depth interviews with specific members of the 24 households. The concept of “hygiene” had two separate meanings to the study participants: cleanliness and holiness. The participants reported that cleanliness was required to remove odors, grease, hot spices and dirt. The motivation for cleanliness was to feel fresh, avoid heavy feelings, feel light and feel comfortable. To maintain the holiness of the body, bathing and ablution needed to be performed following particular religious rules/rituals. The motivation of holiness was derived from their accountability to God. The participants also reported that the cleansing processes and methods for the body and the home for cleanliness reasons were also different from those for holiness reasons. The notion of “hygiene” was multidimensional for the residents of the low-income urban community in Bangladesh. Our study participants did not explicitly conceptualize a notion of hygiene that was based on the germ theory of diseases but rather a notion that was based on individual physical comfort and cultural belief systems. Future studies on the prevention of hygiene-related diseases should combine and link the biomedical aspect to religious and cultural rituals to promote improved hygiene practices.

Durable Superoleophobic Janus Fabric with Oil Repellence and Anisotropic Water-Transport Integration toward Energetic-Efficient Oil–Water Separation

Porous materials with opposing superwettability toward oil and water have aroused widespread interest for their selective-wetting advantage in oil-water separation. The separation process, however, requires constant energy input to maintain the driving force. Further reducing the external energy consumption or accelerating the liquid transport during separation is still a challenge. The Janus membrane is an emerging porous material with opposing wettability toward a specific liquid on each side. The asymmetric wettability distribution leads to a surface energy gradient-driven liquid-transport behavior through the thickness, which significantly facilitates liquid transportation. It is conceived that porous materials possessing both Janus features and selective superwettability would reduce energy consumption and strengthen the efficiency in oil-water separation. Herein, a novel durable superoleophobic (SOHB) Janus fabric which possesses oil-repellent and surface energy gradient-driven water-transport properties was developed through one-side superoleophobic/superhydrophilic modification of the superamphiphobic fabric. The SOHB Janus fabric exhibits high mechanical durability and significant superior capacity than the homogeneous superoleophobic/superhydrophilic fabric in separating various oil-water mixtures. Moreover, the SOHB Janus fabric repels oil contaminants and pumps perspiration from the human skin, exhibiting prospects in physical moisture regulation and comfort improvement. Our novel Janus fabric, along with the fabrication principle, provides a feasible solution for energetic-efficient oil-water remediations and would have implications for the fabrication of advanced separation membranes and intelligent functional clothing.

Ergonomic Recommendations for Range of Control Panel Angle of Touchscreen Kitchen Appliances

Control panels for kitchen appliances have been designed in various forms and with different design parameter values. Among these design parameters, the panel angle is one of the most important factors influencing the usability and user preference. However, few studies have been conducted regarding the panel angle effects in the context of kitchen appliances. There are only a few safety-oriented regulations or guidelines for kitchen appliance design. Therefore, in this study, the effect of the control panel angle of touchscreen kitchen appliances on their usability was empirically investigated for providing appropriate ergonomic recommendations. A total of six panel angles, namely, 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°, were employed in the experiment in consideration of the design parameter values used in existing slide-in/freestanding ranges. Three usability evaluation measures, namely, visibility, physical comfort, and preference, were employed. For each of the six panel angles, 20 participants performed temperature/power-level setting tasks and then subjectively rated the panel angle in terms of the three measures. The following major findings were obtained: (1) the control panel angle affected the scores of all three measures; and (2) when considering visibility, physical comfort, and preference comprehensively, the panel angle ranges 15°–42° and 15°–19° were recommended as the appropriate and optimal ranges, respectively. The findings of this study may be helpful in the ergonomic design of touchscreen panels for kitchen appliances, which can improve the usability of these panels and reduce human errors and response time in emergencies.

Nurses' perceptions of supporting a 'good death' in intensive care units.

Death in the intensive care unit (ICU) is an unavoidable aspect of nursing practice. Nurses are the primary front-line healthcare professionals (HCPs) which care for dying patients in this setting. Facilitating 'good deaths' in the ICU has become increasingly debated due to the challenges involved, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: To explore how nurses perceive a 'good death' for patients in the ICU. Literature published in English between 2005 and 2020 was rigorously searched and recorded using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data sources were: CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE complete, APA PsycInfo, ScienceDirect, SocINDEX, SwePub, SciELO, Complementary Index, Academic Search Ultimate, Supplemental Index, Education Source and Directory of Open Access Journals. Search terms included: nurses' perceptions, ICUs, 'good deaths', quality of death and dignified deaths. Seven articles met the search criteria, five used qualitative methods, one used a quantitative method and one used a mixed method design. Each of these were critically analysed. A process of thematic analysis identified three prevalent themes: ensuring physical comfort, providing an appropriate physical environment and the importance of relatives. The review revealed that creating a less technical environment within the ICU can influence a 'good death', but further research is needed to establish how this can be enacted. More effective management of physical symptoms such as pain and dyspnoea are also recommended. Including care of relatives in care plans was also found to contribute toward a 'good death' and that this could be facilitated through improved staff education. Providing a private area for grieving relatives within the ICU has also had an impact in enabling a 'good death'.

Patient Centered Care and Centeredness Perspective

Background: Patient-centred care (PCC) helps multidisciplinary health teams to follow informed decision-making practices, and improved healthcare treatments are ensured for patients. The need for significant changes in the healthcare system can be identified with the help of centred patient care, and new healthcare systems are designed and revolve around patient needs. The purpose of the review was to evaluate patient-centred care and the concept of centeredness. Review results: PCC assists in meeting the targets of healthcare settings for patients. This aids the health team to ensure that patient nutrition, cleanliness, emotional, physical comfort, and psychological needs are fulfilled. PCC contributes to reducing the length of patient stay at the hospital, and chances of future admission to the hospital are also lowered. The review may assist to develop better insight into patient-centred care, its dimensions, possible benefits of PCC and perspectives of centeredness. Conclusion: patient-centred care aids to meet the objectives of improved patient care outcomes, lower treatment costs, and increased satisfaction with the quality of health care facilities cared for in the health sector. Healthcare organizations have begun to focus on individualised-oriented care, and they no longer follow traditional procedures to meet the needs of patients. The patient-centred care model showed that health care providers could be dedicated to their work and ready to meet the health expectations set for patients. PCC reduces patients' length of stay in the hospital, and the chances of recovery from chronic illness also increase. This review contributes to the field of health by highlighting important aspects of patient-centred care that would create cost-effective care, improve hospital services, emphasise communication and promote aspects of patient caring skills.

PENINGKATAN FUNGSI JALUR TROTOAR PADA KAWASAN PENDIDIKAN UNTUK MEMFASILITASI KEBUTUHAN SARANA PEJALAN KAKI

The need for pedestrian fasilities in the area of Jalan Balayudha Palembang Muhammadiyah School is very important to be fasilitated, considering the intensity of the number of pedestrian is dominated by some students from various levels,including the surrounding community to work by utilizing the raad as a means of pedestrian. The current condition of pedestrian facilities is not technically adequate, besides that the shoulder of the road is used for selling and parking vehicles. To improve service, safety and comfort for pedestrians in the Muhammadiyah School area in order to improve the function oh the sidewalk as a pedestrian facility. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research where the community is expected to assess the condition of the pedestrian path. That the impact of the assessment can be used as a basis for planning in the provision of adequate pedestrian facilities. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of influence of respondents as road users on the condition of pedestrian facilities and to facilities the need for pedestrian facilities through pedestrian planning. This research method uses a quantitative approach by developing data from the field through interviews and questionnaires. The analysis process uses regression which aims to measure the effect of the independen variabel on the dependent variable. Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that the factor of physical quality, feasibility, security, comfort, regualations and environmental knowledge have a very strong role to facilitate the need for pedestrian facilities through the pedestrian development plan at the Muhammadiyah Balayuda School Palembang with an influence level of 0.92 percent (92%).

A review on prioritizing physical safety and comfort in urban sustainability assessment tools to effectively control accidents in streets of Colombo

The concept of sustainability has evolved since its initial definition by the Brundtland commission in 1987, and become comprehensive over time with inclusion of well-defined social, environmental and economic aspects. In order to understand the progress of sustainability, and facilitate decision making, various sustainability assessment tools were established. Today it has become necessary to include safety and comfort as criteria of such sustainability assessment tools, considering the high number of accidents and crimes taking place in urban contexts despite all the legal reforms made through several years to control user misbehaviours. A high number of road accidents are recorded in Colombo as per the report issued by the Sri Lanka Department of Census and Statistics. This is primarily due to lack of obligation to enforce physical safety and comfort aspects. Establishing physically safe and comfort streets could contribute to prevent as well as reduce accidents by spontaneously directing users in the right way. Therefore, considering sustainability principles, and sustainability rating, being a well-established universal quality assessment, it is important to incorporate physical safety and comfort as a criteria of sustainability rating of urban streets. The review is done by initially defining sustainability through literature review, identifying the research gap on physical safety and comfort using VOSviewer software, and assessing the significance of safety and comfort in assessing urban streets using available online data. It is identified that physical safety and comfort is not included in most of the sustainability assessment tools. It is suggested that inclusion of these criterion could contribute in effectively reducing the street accidents. Summary of this review could contribute in further research based on sustainability tool criteria assessments.