Physical Aging Research Articles

The mechanism of concession agreements in the Russian heat supply system

The current research examines the mechanism of concession agreements, functioning in the sphere of heat supply, the ways of its conclusion, its advantages and differences from lease agreements. The effectiveness of the use of concessions is proved on the example of Voronezh and Perm energy companies. The renewal of the Russian heat supply system is, unfortunately, extremely slow. Despite the measures taken, the dynamics of equipment failures, accidents and heat losses have not yet been changed: their number is still gro wing. In a year, it is possible to update only half of the fixed assets from the need. The reasons for this are their sharp moral and physical ageing and lack of investors who would finance reconstruction, modernisation and erection of new heating system objects. The owners of the systems in many Russian regions are municipalities whose budget funds are insufficient to upgrade them. Mechanisms of public-private partnership (concession agreements are one of its manifestations) together with the “alternative boiler house” mo del should contribute to rectifying the situation. However, unconscientiousness of some investors, the failure to fulfill their obligations for construction and reconstruction of heat supply systems question the effectiveness of the mechanism and reduces them to lease agreements involving only operation of leased worn equipment. According to the research, the authors concluded that it is necessary to improve the discussed mechanism, monitor implementation of the agreements and strengthen administrative responsibility for non-compliance.

Enhancing the quality of life for physical therapists: insights from a cross-sectional study.

Physical Therapy profession is known for its demanding physical requirements. This increases the risk of attrition and work-related accidents and disorders that affect physical therapists' quality of life and work performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physical activity level and other contributing factors on quality of life of physical therapists. A cross-sectional study was conducted among practicing physical therapists (n = 258). The International Physical Activity Questionnaires-Short Form was used to measure physical activity levels and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire short form was used to measure the quality of life among physical therapists. Data was collected through a self-administered online survey using Microsoft Forms. The eligible participants were 258 out of 297. The highest percentage of physical therapists had a moderate physical activity level (45.35%) and the median for overall quality of life score was 63.27(52.73-73.59). There was a significant positive correlation between physical activity and age with overall quality of life score (rs = 0.41, p < 0.001; rs = 0.13, p < 0.036) respectively and a significant negative correlation between body mass index and overall quality of life score (rs = -0.13, p < 0.04). The results obtained revealed that physical therapists mostly have moderate physical activity level and relatively good perceived quality of Life. Furthermore, our study identified significant correlations between physical activity, age, body mass index, and the overall quality of life among practicing physical therapists.

Impact of Replacing Fentanyl With Hydromorphone as the First-Line Postoperative Opioid Among Patients Undergoing Outpatient Cancer Surgery

In response to a nationwide fentanyl shortage, our institution assessed whether changing our first-line postoperative intravenous opioid from fentanyl to hydromorphone impacted patient outcomes. The primary research aim was to evaluate the association between first-line opioid and rapidity of recovery. The study team retrospectively obtained data on all consecutive patients extracted from the electronic medical record. The rapidity of recovery was defined as the time from entry into the postanesthesia care unit to the transition to Phase 2 for ambulatory extended recovery patients and as the length of total postanesthesia care unit stay for outpatients. Following intent-to-treat-principles, we tested the association between study period and rapidity of recovery (a priori clinically meaningful difference: 20minutes) using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for anesthesia type (general vs monitored anesthesia care), American Society of Anesthesiologst physical status (ASA) score (1-2 vs 3-4), age, service, robotic procedure, and surgery start time. Ambulatory extended recovery patients treated in the hydromorphone period had, on average, a 0.25minute(95% confidence interval [CI] -6.5, 7.0), nonstatistically significant (P>.9) longer time to transition. For outpatient procedures, those who received hydromorphone had, on average, 8.5-minute longer stays (95% CI 3.7-13, P<.001). Although we saw statistical evidence of an increased risk of resurgery associated with receiving hydromorphone (0.5%; 95% CI -0.1%, 1.0%; P=.039 on univariate analysis), the size of the estimate is clinically and biologically implausible and is most likely a chance finding related either to multiple testing or confounding. The multidisciplinary team concluded that the increase in postoperative length of stay associated with hydromorphone was not clinically significant and the decrease waste of prefilled syringes outweighed the small potential increased risk of resurgery compared to the shorter-acting fentanyl. We will therefore use hydromorphone moving forward.

Influence of physical ageing and fibre proximity on the local mechanical response of the Elium® thermoplastic composite matrix

The prediction of the micromechanical response of fibre-reinforced polymer composites with numerical models relies on the assumption that the matrix behaves like a bulk sample of the same polymer. Yet, the presence of fibres likely impacts the thermochemical history and mechanical behaviour of the matrix (e.g. formation of an interphase during processing). In this work, micromechanical analysis of a thermoplastic polymer matrix is performed on glass fibre-reinforced composite samples manufactured by vacuum infusion and in-situ polymerisation. The interphase thickness and mechanical behaviour are assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The mechanical properties of the matrix beyond the interphase are measured by nanoindentation and AFM in intra- and inter-tow matrix pockets, for different levels of natural physical ageing. While the distance to the nearest fibre does not significantly impact the polymer properties at a given ageing time, fibre proximity affects the rate and extent of physical ageing experienced by the polymer.

Influence of transcatheter arterial embolization on symptom distress and fatigue in liver cancer patients.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignancy, and transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) has emerged as a pivotal therapeutic modality. However, TAE may induce symptom distress and fatigue, adversely affecting the quality of life of patients. To investigate symptom distress, fatigue, and associated factors in HCC patients undergoing TAE. We used a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling to enroll HCC patients who underwent TAE at our institution from January to December 2022. Questionnaires were utilized to collect data on symptom distress and fatigue scores from the first to the third day after TAE. Our study revealed a significant reduction in fatigue and symptom distress among patients after TAE. Pain, fatigue, insomnia, fever and abdominal distension were the most common symptoms troubling patients during the first 3 d post-TAE. Marital status, presence of family support, physical functional status, age, and symptom distress were identified as predictors of fatigue in patients. Healthcare professionals should educate HCC patients on symptom distress and fatigue, offering personalized relief strategies to lessen their psychological burden.

Talent identification in soccer: The influence of technical, physical and maturity-related characteristics on a national selection process.

The present study examines the influence of technical, physical, and relative age characteristics on players selection success within the Scottish Performance School trials. Ninety adolescent players (81 males, 9 females; mean ± standard deviation: age = 11.3 ± 0.4 years, height = 149.6 ± 6.9 cm, mass 38.1 ± 4.7 kg) performed a battery of physical fitness (20m Sprint, CMJ, 5-0-5 agility test), anthropometric, and 8 small-sided games (SSG; 9v9) as part of a talent identification (TID) programme. Players technical (ball touches, time on the ball, high-speed releases) and locomotor activities (high-speed running distance, sprint distance, accelerations, and decelerations) were monitored using foot-mounted inertial measurements units during SSG's. The data was analysed using independent sample T-tests. Mann-Whitney U analyses were conducted to examine the differences between groups whose data was determined as being (non)parametric, with Cohen effect sizes applied. Successful players performed significantly better during physical tests (Effect size ± confidence limits: Left 5-0-5 = -0.89±0.13, Right 5-0-5 = -0.51±0.11), had significantly higher locomotor activities during SSG (high-intensity distance = 0.4±26.6, horizontal accelerations = 0.59±1.19) and significantly higher technical outputs during SSG (touches = 0.71±6.1, releases = 0.49±2.5, high-speed releases = 0.59±2.7, time on the ball = 0.52±3.4) compared to unsuccessful players. Successful players had significantly higher locomotor activities and technical outputs during SSG than their unsuccessful counterparts. Monitoring technical and locomotor activities during SSG may compliment or replace physical testing batteries for assessing TID processes in soccer.

Crossing the Frontier of Validity of the Material Time Approach in the Aging of a Molecular Glass.

We studied the physical aging of glycerol in response to upward temperature steps of amplitude ranging from 0.3 to 18 K. This was done using a specially designed experimental setup allowing quick heating of a liquid film while measuring the evolution of its dielectric properties. Despite the nonlinear evolution of these observables for large steps, a fictive temperature could be obtained. In the case of moderate step amplitudes, we checked that the material time approach in its simplest form, the single parameter aging (SPA), applies well. The memory kernel extracted from the quasi-linear regime was used to test its frontiers of validity for significant step amplitudes. We showed that the observations deviate from the prediction of the material time framework and of SPA simultaneously. As these approaches link aging to equilibrium dynamics, our results help set the bounds beyond which new theoretical arguments are needed.

High gas permeance in CO2-selective thin film composite membranes from bis(phenyl)fluorene-containing blends with PIM-1

A novel approach to improve the initial performance as well as to prevent physical aging of superglassy high free volume polymer PIM-1 is reported. Bis(phenyl)fluorene-based polymer of intrinsic microporosity (Cardo-PIM-1) was used at different loadings in PIM-1 to fabricate thin film composite (TFC) membranes and freestanding membranes. The gas performances of both TFCs and thick freestanding membranes exhibited similar trends; higher CO2 permeance and higher CO2/CH4 selectivity at relatively low loadings (≤5 wt %). TFCs containing 5 wt % Cardo-PIM-1 achieved a CO2 permeance of (12600 ± 866 GPU), which corresponds to about a threefold increase as compared to the pristine TFC-PIM-1 membranes (2850 ± 254 GPU) and higher CO2/CH4 selectivity (14.6 ± 1.3) as compared to pure PIM-1 (10 ± 3). With regards to physical aging, PIM-1 TFC membranes experienced a 96 % reduction in CO2 permeance after 1 year. However, for the TFCs containing 5 wt % cardo the reduction was considerably lower (59%) and all took place at an initial stage of up to 37 days, remaining at a good and stable CO2 permeance of c.a. 5000 GPU for the remaining testing period of up to one year.

Associations of sleep time, quality of life, and obesity indicators on physical literacy components: a structural equation model

AimTo verify the association between ideal sleep time and physical literacy components while also considering multiple mediators, such as quality of life and obesity, using a sample of adolescents.MethodsThis cross-sectional study consisted of 470 adolescents aged 11–17 years from southern Brazil. Sleep time, health-related quality of life, and physical literacy components (i.e., physical education enjoyment, sports participation, sedentary behavior, moderate to vigorous physical activity, sex, and age) were evaluated through self-reported questionnaires. In addition, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference were determined. The theoretical/statistical support of the structural equation model was evaluated according to fit parameters and strength of association.ResultsA direct association was observed between more sleep time and lower levels of obesity. The obesity indicators also had a negative association with HqOL, and HqOL had a positive association with physical literacy. The indirect associations indicated that the ideal sleep time was positively associated with HqOL and physical literacy components, considering the negative mediation effect of obesity. The model explains physical literacy in 31% of the variance (R = 0.31).ConclusionThere was an indirect association between ideal sleep duration and quality of life and between both variables with physical literacy. These relationships occur even considering the negative influence of obesity. Therefore, a child who sleeps adequately has a higher likelihood of being physically active, regardless of obesity, potentially enhancing overall quality of life across various domains.

Mechanically rejuvenated glassy polylactide with spatial heterogeneity and packing efficiency: Time dependence of deformation behavior

Mechanical rejuvenation is effective in conquering the physical aging of polymers, but its molecular origin is far from clear. Herein, glassy polylactide is subjected to mechanical rejuvenation under extensional stress field via “casting-thermal stretching”, and the joint effect of spatial heterogeneity and packing efficiency on the brittle-to-ductile transition is demonstrated. The extensional stress accelerates segmental relaxation and heavily enhances the spatial heterogeneity in activated amorphous fraction. The much larger extensional stress enhances the orientation and packing efficiency of polylactide chains, with the close-packing amorphous fraction restraining the molecular mobility but boosting self-reinforcement. Strong time-dependent deformation behavior is discovered in rejuvenated polylactide, with different draw ratios exhibiting quite different critical strain rates of ductile-to-brittle transition, and that with densified network even maintains high ductility at extremely high strain rate. This work provides new insights into mechanical rejuvenation and significant guidance for the processing of advanced biodegradable polymers.

How are APOE4, changes in body weight, and longevity related? Insights from a causal mediation analysis.

The ε4 allele of the APOE gene (APOE4) is known for its negative association with human longevity; however, the mechanism is unclear. APOE4 is also linked to changes in body weight, and the latter changes were associated with survival in some studies. Here, we explore the role of aging changes in weight in the connection between APOE4 and longevity using the causal mediation analysis (CMA) approach to uncover the mechanisms of genetic associations. Using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data, we tested a hypothesis of whether the association of APOE4 with reduced survival to age 85+ is mediated by key characteristics of age trajectories of weight, such as the age at reaching peak values and the slope of the decline in weight afterward. Mediation effects were evaluated by the total effect (TE), natural indirect effect, and percentage mediated. The controlled direct effect and natural direct effect are also reported. The CMA results suggest that APOE4 carriers have 19%-22% (TE p = 0.020-0.039) lower chances of surviving to age 85 and beyond, in part, because they reach peak values of weight at younger ages, and their weight declines faster afterward compared to non-carriers. This finding is in line with the idea that the detrimental effect of APOE4 on longevity is, in part, related to the accelerated physical aging of ε4 carriers.

The Correlation of Plasma Sirt 1 Level and Frailty Degree in The Elderly Outpatients

Background: Frailty is a syndrome related to the physical aging process and is characterized by a vulnerability to health decline. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays a crucial role in weakness, especially in the elderly, serving as a protective factor against frailty. The aim of the study determine the correlation between plasma SIRT 1 level and frailty degree in the elderly outpatientsMethods: This research employed a cross-sectional methodology, involving the observation or measurement of 118 elderly subjects selected through non-probability sampling, Comprehensive medical records were collected, encompassing demographic data such as age, gender, formal education, ethnicity, caregiver status, and marital status. The frailty scale was employed, where 0= robust, 1-2= pre-frailty, and 3-5= frailty. For genetic analysis, 3 cc of blood was collected using the DNA isolation Kit from Promega. Results: Pearson correlation analysis indicated no significant relationship between plasma SIRT1 levels and the presence of positive fertility (r=0.177). However, the F-test revealed a simultaneous and significant association between plasma SIRT1 levels and frailty with a significance level of 0.036 (p &lt; 0.05). The data from the ANOVA test predominantly showed that the frail group had plasma SIRT1 levels slightly above the pre-frail category (&gt;50 ng/ml). Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between plasma SIRT1 levels and frailty scale, while the F-test suggests a simultaneous significant association between plasma SIRT1 levels and frailty

ZPEKTR: A code for spectral synthesis of fast-rotating stars

Estimating the physical states of the surfaces of fast-rotating stars is challenging due to several intrinsic processes, which include radiative flux inhomogeneities on the photosphere induced by rotation and circumstellar signatures in their spectra. The analysis of their spectra ultimately requires the use of synthetic grids of spectra accounting for all these physical processes. In this paper, we present the `von ZeiPEl's code for gravity darKening specTRal synthesis' (ZPEKTR) code, which is designed to perform the spectral synthesis of fast-rotating stars, accounting for gravity darkening, limb-darkening effects in the continuum and geometrical deformation induced by fast rotation. We consider colatitudinal temperature and surface-gravity variations, assuming both the classical prescription developed by von Zeipel and the new formulation by Espinosa-Lara. The code runs either with a rectangular or a triangular mesh on the stellar surface. We compare the temperature and gravitational distribution as a function of the stellar latitude arising from both models. The line profiles of 4388, 4471, 4922, and 6678 produced with both formalisms are compared at three different rotation rates and illustrate differences in shape and central intensity. We also illustrate the fittings of 31 line spectra of classical Be stars averaged from the Be Stars Observation Survey (BeSOS) database and make a comparison among their apparent physical parameters and ages determined from plane-parallel non-local thermodynamical equilibrium (non-LTE) models and parameters determined from classical von Zeipel models, finding a displacement of more evolved objects towards the zero-age main sequence. We also compare the distributions of projected rotation velocities of these objects obtained with and without the inclusion of gravity-darkening effects with ZPEKTR. We observe a shift of the histogram of rotation velocities calculated accounting for effects of gravity darkening concerning rotation velocities obtained through the fittings with classical plane-parallel non-LTE models. We show that models that do not account for gravity darkening can underestimate the rotation velocity, because the stellar latitudes that contribute the higher velocities are those in the equator with the least radiative flux. We envisage near-future improvements to the code, such as the inclusion of differential rotation and treatment of tidal forces in binary stellar systems.

Interrelations of physical state parameters and biological age of students in the process of physical education

Background and Study Aim. The objective of the study is to investigate the relationships of students' biological age (BA) with the parameters of functional and physical fitness (PF) in the process of adaptation to standard (university) and experimental physical education programs. Material and Methods. The studies were conducted at the National University of Telecommunications of Ukraine and involved 140 students aged 17-18 years old, comprising 80 boys and 60 girls. We recorded 55 indices of students' functional state and physical fitness, and determined their Body Mass Index (BMI). The experimental data were processed using methods of correlation, dispersion, and regression analysis. Mathematical models describing the relationships between BMI and key indicators of students' physical well-being were developed. Results. The impact of the program on 17-18-year-old students is marked by a decrease in BMI, an increase in the levels of physical fitness and overall well-being among both the experimental group of girls and boys. Additionally, there is a reduced correlation between BMI and the parameters of their physical health. The key indices of functional state and physical fitness determining the BMI of male and female students were identified. Multiple regression models were developed to illustrate the dependence of male and female BMI on somatic and functional indices. Quantitative characteristics of the degree of partial and total impact of key indices on male and female BMI were provided. It was found that the key indicators of students' physical state (PS) structure, which exerted the most significant influence on BMI, differ between young men and women. In young men, the key indicators influencing BMI include the following: Vital capacity (VC) accounts for 51.9% of BMI variation; self-perceived health status (SPHS) contributes 15.3%; static balancing (SB) affects 8.5%; inspiration breath-hold time (IBH) influences 8.4%; expiration breath-hold time (EBH) has a 0.8% impact; systolic blood pressure (SBP) plays a role with 4.6%; the number of sit-ups in 30 seconds (SU30s) is associated with 0.9%; and left hand muscle strength has a 0.6% influence. In girls, the key indicators are VC (34.5% of BMI variation), SBP (23.1%), and SB (7.9%). Conclusions. The experimental program of increased motor activity leads to an increase in the functional and motor capabilities of students, while simultaneously decreasing their BMI. Among the parameters studied, changes in vegetative parameters have the greatest impact on reducing students' BMI during the annual cycle of long-term adaptation to physical loads. In contrast, changes in somatic parameters and physical fitness parameters have a lesser influence on students' BMI. The calculated equations of multiple regression serve as model characteristics that reflect the relationships between BMI and the key indicators of functional state and physical fitness in 17-18-year-old students. These equations can be utilized to estimate, model, and predict the BMI of 17-18-year-old students of different genders when altering the parameters of their physical state in various conditions of daily life and activity.

Household Food Security is Associated with Central Obesity but Not with Overweight and Obesity in Early Adolescence in the City of Colombo in Sri Lanka: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: The prevalence of overnutrition among early adolescents in the city of Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka is rising steeply and the precise reason for the epidemic remains unclear. According to the insurance hypothesis, proximate driver of obesity could be food insecurity rather than food abundance per se. Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the association between household food security status and overweight, obesity and central obesity in early adolescence in the city of Colombo. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using 634 randomly selected adolescents aged 11-13 years in the city of Colombo, in which subjects were recruited using multistage stratified cluster sampling technique. Household food security score was assessed using USDA 18 Item Household Food Security/ Hunger Survey Module, while height, weight and waist circumference were measured. BMI-for-age Z score was calculated using WHO AnthroPlus software and waist: height ratio was calculated. Partial correlation between household food security score and BMI-for-age Z score and waist:height ratio were analyzed, after adjusting for daily energy intake, physical activity level, pubertal stage, birth weight and age. Results: Household food security score was not associated with BMI-for-age Z score (p&gt;0.05). Household food security score was inversely and weakly (r=-0.373) associated with waist:height ratio (p = 0.002) in girls but not in boys. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity are not associated with food security status, however food secure girls tend to have more fat distribution in the abdominal area.

Radiation-induced modification effects in covalent-network glass formers: Phenomenological description within unified configuration-enthalpy model

Externally-induced modification activated by high-energy excitation such as γ-irradiation from 60Co source is analyzed in chalcogenide glasses in terms of radiation-structural and glass-relaxation metastability, at the example of sulphides (including stoichiometric arsenic trisulphide, As2S3) and selenides. Unified configuration-enthalpy model evolving conjugated configuration-coordinate (free energy in dependence on configuration coordinate) and thermodynamic enthalpy (temperature deviations in enthalpy, configurational entropy or free volume) diagrams is proposed to describe metastability in these glasses under external influences, such as (1) physical ageing, (2) irradiation, (3) thermal annealing, (4) rejuvenation, and their combinations. The model predicts glass stabilization in the ground state composed of partial sub-states related to (i) irradiation, (ii) rejuvenation, (iii) annealing, as well as (iv) ideal-glass deep states, connected by over-barrier jumping and through-barrier tunneling transitions. This model allows an adequate parameterization of optical responses related to metastability in these glasses defined through blue (bleaching) or red (darkening) shift in their optical transmission spectra.

Research on Strengthening Fragile Paper with Polyvinylamine.

Paper documents are an important carrier of information related to human civilization, with the reinforcement and protection of fragile paper documents being a key aspect of their protection. This research utilized amphoteric polyvinylamine polymer as a paper reinforcement agent, strengthening the Xuan paper commonly used in paper documents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), solid-state 13C NMR, and other analytical methods were employed to compare the physical properties, micro-morphology, crystallinity, and aging resistance of the paper before and after reinforcement. Research was conducted on the effects of reinforcement, the aging resistance, and the effects on the fiber structure. The results indicate that polyethylenimine has a filling and bridging effect between the paper fibers. After treatment with polyethylenimine, there was a significant improvement in the folding endurance and tensile strength of the paper. Additionally, the paper maintains a good mechanical strength even after undergoing dry heat and humid aging.

Physical aging of a biodegradable alicyclic polymer: poly (pentamethylene trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate)

Physical aging of poly (pentamethylene trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PPeCE), a biodegradable alicyclic polyester, was investigated using Fast Scanning Calorimetry (FSC), a recent calorimetric technique allowing to accelerate physical aging and study the associated relaxation processes at different aging temperatures in an experimentally-reasonable time scale. Different mechanisms were highlighted by varying the aging temperature on a temperature range of more than 60 °C. At aging temperatures well below the glass transition temperature, several relaxation mechanisms were evidenced, probably related to secondary relaxation processes (β relaxations). When the aging temperature approaches the glass transition temperature, the primary relaxation process (α relaxation) becomes predominant.

Thermally rearranged OH-containing polyimide composite membranes with enhanced gas separation performance and physical aging resistance

Gas separation membranes play a pivotal role in various industrial processes, demanding continuous improvement in their efficiency and durability. This study focuses on thin-film composite (TFC) membranes based on polyimide, utilizing a hydroxyl-containing polyimide selective layer for its processability and selectivity. A complete and smooth surface for the selective layer in the composite membranes was achieved by exclusively selecting a 10% concentration of the polyimide spin-coating solution. Subsequent thermal rearrangement at 430°C induced the formation of a rigid polybenzoxazole structure, enhancing gas permeance. Optimal separation performance was achieved through a two-hour rearrangement, resulting in a more than 30-fold increase in gas permeance while preserving selectivity. The study also delved into anti-physical aging performance. The thermally treated PI-10 wt%−2 h membrane exhibited a 10% reduction in CO2 and O2 permeance over 90 days, with O2/N2 and CO2/N2 selectivities nearly maintaining their initial levels. This research provides valuable insights for the development of efficient and durable gas separation membranes.

Should I stay or should I go: an assessment of criteria for safe day of surgery discharge of displaced supracondylar humerus fractures.

Immobilization type and in-hospital observation following surgical management of displaced supracondylar fractures are subject to surgeon preference and training. Our goal was to determine criteria for immediate discharge and optimal type of immobilization. Medical records of 661 patients with type III, IV or flexion-type displaced supracondylar humerus fractures treated at a level 1 pediatric trauma center from January 2013 to September 2019 were reviewed. Patients were separated into 'admission appropriate' (AA = 113) and 'discharge appropriate' (DA = 548) sub-cohorts. Neurovascular deficit at presentation ( P < 0.001), post-operative physical exam deterioration ( P < 0.001), age ( P < 0.001) and post-operative immobilization modality ( P = 0.02) were significantly different between AA and DA groups. When comparing patients who presented with neurologic deficit to those neurovascularly intact, there was a significant difference in whether circumferential immobilization was used post-operatively ( P < 0.001), IV medication need ( P < 0.001), discharge or admission ( P < 0.001), neurologic decline ( P < 0.001), return to ED ( P = 0.008) and vascular compromise ( P = 0.05). Twenty-four of the 56 (43%) patients who were AA and had no neurovascular finding on presentation had their immobilization adjusted (bivalved or loosened) to accommodate for swelling overnight. Only 1 was initially maintained in a splint or bivalved cast; the other 23 were initially maintained post-operatively in circumferential immobilization ( P = 0.01). Our findings suggest that patients with intact neurovascular exams at presentation are candidates for early discharge, and splinting or bivalved casting may be preferable, especially in patients who are discharged.