Physical Activity In Adolescents Research Articles

An integrative model of weight stigma, body image, and physical activity in adolescents

Negative weight-related experiences and internalized weight stigma have been associated with poorer body image and reduced physical activity in adolescents. However, exploring body image and physical activity as discrete weight stigma outcomes fails to consider the theoretically- and empirically-supported covariation between the two. The present study tested a novel integrated model of the associations among negative weight-related experiences and internalized weight stigma (via weight-related distress), body image (shame, authentic pride, body appreciation), and physical activity. Canadian adolescents (N = 311, Mage ± SD = 16.00 ± 1.01, 75.5% girls) completed a cross-sectional self-report survey. A structural equation model with maximum likelihood robust estimation was tested. Higher negative weight-related experiences were indirectly associated with poorer body image (i.e., higher shame; lower authentic pride and appreciation) through higher weight-related distress. Authentic pride was associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Higher negative weight-related experiences were indirectly associated with lower physical activity through higher weight-related distress and lower body-related authentic pride. These findings elucidate targetable individual mechanisms and larger systems that could improve body image and foster physical activity among adolescents who encounter negative weight-related experiences and internalized weight stigma.

Association of Perceived Neighbourhood Walkability with Self-Reported Physical Activity and Body Mass Index in South African Adolescents.

Adolescence is a life stage critical to the establishment of healthy behaviours, including physical activity (PA). Factors associated with the built environment have been shown to impact PA across the life course. We examined the sociodemographic differences in, and associations between, perceived neighbourhood walkability, PA, and body mass index (BMI) in South African adolescents. We recruited a convenience sample (n = 143; 13-18 years; 65% female) of students from three high schools (middle/high and low-income areas). Participants completed a PA questionnaire and the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS)-Africa and anthropometry measurements. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine various relationships. We found that, compared with adolescents living in middle/high income neighbourhoods, those living in low-income neighbourhoods had lower perceived walkability and PA with higher BMI percentiles. The associations between neighbourhood walkability and PA were inconsistent. In the adjusted models, land use diversity and personal safety were associated with club sports participation, street connectivity was positively associated with school sports PA, and more favourable perceived walkability was negatively associated with active transport. Overall, our findings suggest that the perceived walkability of lower income neighbourhoods is worse in comparison with higher income neighbourhoods, though the association with PA and BMI is unclear.

Longitudinal associations between the school built environment and adolescents’ physical activity: Evidence from the COMPASS study.

PurposeExamine adolescent moderate-to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and active school travel over a four-year period; Examine associations between the surrounding school built environment and adolescent MVPA and active school travel, and whether adolescent MVPA and active school travel are moderated by the built environment over time. MethodsData from the COMPASS project (2013/14 to 2016/17) were used. Participants were adolescents aged 13–18 (n = 20,221) from 91 schools. MVPA and active school travel were self-reported via questionnaire. The built environment (park-, recreation-, retail-densities, Walk Score®) was objectively measured. Multilevel modeling was conducted. ResultsAdolescent square root transformed MVPA (SQRT-MVPA) and the likelihood of active school travel decreased over time. Several positive associations were observed between the surrounding school built environment and SQRT-MVPA and active school travel when time was held constant. Adolescents attending schools in very walkable areas had an increased likelihood of active school travel over time. Higher park-, retail-, and recreation-densities appeared to help maintain the likelihood of active travel to school over time, though the same pattern was not apparent for active travel from school or SQRT-MVPA. ConclusionSQRT-MVPA and active school travel declined over time. However, the downward trend for the likelihood of active school travel appeared to be opposite for students attending schools in very walkable areas. Schools and municipalities should work together in creating built environments around schools that are more walkable and have greater park and recreation densities. Schools in unfavourable built environments may need additional physical activity programming.

The Mediation Role of Perceived Benefits and Barriers in the Relationship Between Support Provided by Significant Others and Physical Activity of Adolescents.

We investigated whether the relationship between significant others' social support and adolescents' physical activity (PA) is mediated by perceived barriers and benefits of PA. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 497 adolescents (girls = 272, boys = 225) aged between 12-18years (M = 15.87, SD = 1.43) from six different middle and secondary schools. We collected data regarding social cognitive variables and PA with self-report measures and calculated the metabolic equivalent of total amount PA. We performed structural equation modeling and mediation analyses and found our proposed models fit the data. In girls, perceived PA benefits mediated the association between support provided by friends (β = .13; IC 95% = .02 .29), a best friend (β = .14; IC 95% = .03, .33), and parents (β = .07; IC 95% = .01, .18), and PA. Similarly in boys, perceived PA benefits partially mediated the association between support provided by parents (β = .09; IC 95% = .04, .37), friends (β = .11; IC 95% = .05, .40), and a best friend (β = .10; IC 95% = .05, .40) and PA. Perceived barriers to PA did not display any significant mediation role for either sex. Interventions to foster others' support for PA, especially from a best friend, are important for promoting PA among adolescents.

The Impact of Typical School Provision of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sports on Adolescent Physical Activity Behaviors: A Systematic Literature Review

The Impact of Typical School Provision of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sports on Adolescent Physical Activity Behaviors: A Systematic Literature Review

A literature review of the relation between iron deficiency anaemia, physical activity and cognitive function in adolescent girls

Women, especially those young and/or pregnant, are at high risk of experiencing an iron deficiency. Low iron stores in the body can affect cognitive function and physical activity in adolescents, but the results of epidemiological studies about the effect of iron deficiency on cognitive function decline and physical activity in adolescents are not consistent. Therefore, it is necessary to review the literature on the relationship between iron deficiency, cognitive function and physical activity in women and girls. This study is an article review using sources from Google Scholar, PubMed and ProQuest database searches from 2014 to 2021. The keywords used were iron deficiency OR anaemia AND adolescent girls OR young women AND activity AND cognitive. By using review criteria, sources were limited to those in English that used a sample of adolescents or young women. In the initial search stage, 63 reviews were obtained and based on the predetermined criteria, 12 reviews were selected to be analysed. Eleven studies examined the relationship between iron deficiency and cognitive decline, there was one study that showed a non-significant relationship between the two; ten studies showed a significant effect of iron deficiency on cognitive decline in the domains of attention tasks, memory tasks and executive function. Three studies showed their effect on decline in adolescents by using different measuring tools. Lack of iron in the body caused a decrease in cognitive function, especially in the domain attention tasks, memory task domains and executive functions domains. In addition, iron deficiency can cause a decrease in physical activity in adolescents due to the low supply of oxygen to the blood and tissues. Therefore, it is necessary to research nutrition intervention programs to improve iron anaemia status in adolescent girls and prevent a decline in cognitive function and physical activity as a result of the impact of iron deficiency.

S-43-5: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATION FOR ORTHOSTATIC DYSREGULATION AND INTOLERANCE IN ADOLESCENCE: STUDY PROTOCOL OF THE SUITA OFFSPRING STUDY

Background: In recent years, the number of adolescents who do not attend school due to orthostatic dysregulation (OD) has increased rapidly in Japan, and countermeasures are urgently needed. In contrast, orthostatic intolerance (OI) is used as its counterpart in Western countries, and no internationally unified disease concept exists. Therefore, it is necessary to compare a population-based prospective study of OD and OI in adolescent urban communities. Objective: This study aims to show the clinical characteristics and prognosis of OD and OI in adolescent urban communities. Methods: We will launch the offspring cohort in 2022 in two school districts of Suita City, where we encourage medical examinations for all 11-, 14-, and 17-year-old adolescents. Approximately 200 adolescents of each age group will be undergoing medical examinations as research participants. We will perform a medical check-up to detect the constituents of metabolic syndrome, OD, and OI. We will implement questionnaires for the participants based on the Japanese OD Diagnostic and Treatment Guideline (OD symptoms) and diagnostic criteria in Western countries (OI symptoms). If any of the OD or OI symptoms (at least 3 points, 1 point or more) are positive, they will continue with a 10-minute standing test and their parents will fulfill the checklist for diagnosis of OD with psychosomatic disorder based on the aforementioned OD Guideline. Participants who are positive in the standing test will undergo echocardiography, Holter electrocardiography, and Parent-child home blood pressure measurements. We will refer to the Maternal and Child Health Handbook, Infant Health Examination, School Health Examination, and Lifestyle Related Disease Prevention Health Examination to explore OD and OI risk factors (for example, rapid change in growth curve and circadian rhythm formation). We will compare the prevalence of OD and OI by category using the respective diagnostic criteria in Japan and Western countries and reveal the relationship with classical risk, the diurnal variation in HBP of participants and their parents, cardiac function, and autonomic function. We will conduct follow-up studies every 3-year until 20 years old to examine morbidity and prognosis. In addition, we will perform a selected lifestyle questionnaire focusing on diet and physical activity for adolescents and then use metabolomic analysis to compare plasma metabolite profiles of with and without OD and OI participants to detect modifiable risk factors targeted in future interventions.

Feasibility of Using Q-Sort to Map Conditional Participation in Physical Activity in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Participation in physical activity among adolescents with autism is often conditional. However, there is a lack of methods for identifying these specific conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and investigate the feasibility of a Q-sort tool to map individual-specific conditions for participation in physical activity among adolescents with autism and to identify different viewpoints regarding conditions for such participation. An exploratory mixed-methods design was employed to investigate the feasibility of using Q methodology and the Q-sort procedure to identify what individual-specific conditions are important for participation in physical activity for adolescents with autism. The adolescents ranked the statements with varying levels of ease. Two viewpoints were identified: Autonomous participation without surprises and Enjoyment of activity in a safe social context. Q-sort is a feasible method for mapping conditions for participation, which can guide the development of tailored physical activity interventions.

Physical Activity Levels in Brazilian Adolescents: A Secular Trend Study (2007-2017/18).

Only a small proportion of Brazilian adolescents practice sufficient physical activity (PA). However, it is not clear whether this proportion has been decreasing over time. This study aimed to examine the 10-year trends of sufficient PA in adolescents and to investigate differences by sex and age. Using a standard protocol, we compared two cross-sectional cohorts of adolescents aged 15 to 18 years, recruited in 2007 (n = 1040) and in 2017/18 (n = 978). Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the adolescents reported moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) performed in the last seven days. Sufficient PA was defined as engaging in at least 60 min/day of MVPA. In the subgroups, investigated by sex or age, there was an increase in the prevalence of sufficient PA. Overall, sufficient PA declined by 28.1% from 2007 to 2017/18. Boys in 2007 were more active than their 2017/18 peers, and this was equally observed in girls in 2007 compared to those in 2017/18. The findings show decreasing secular trends in sufficient PA in the investigated adolescents. Not only are public health authorities in Brazil witnessing an escalation of insufficient PA, but they are also losing ground with the most active adolescents.

Percepciones y factores externos de la actividad física en adolescentes mediante métodos mixtos

ObjectiveAnalyze the levels of physical activity in adolescents and their relationship with perceptions of physical activity and external factors. MethodCross-sectional descriptive observational study. The participants were adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18. They were recruited in secondary schools in the municipality of Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. The measurements were amount of physical activity (IPAQ-A questionnaire) and the relationship between level of physical activity and the perceptions of physical activity and external factors proposed by the health promotion model. ResultsOf the total sample, 60.34% participants were insufficiently active. The factors positively associated with physical activity were male gender (p<0.01), engaging in extracurricular sports (p<0.01), perceiving benefits (p<0.01), perceiving self-efficacy (p<0.01), interpersonal influences (p<0.01), having parents who engage in sports (p<0.01), social support (p<0.01) and social norms supporting exercise (p<0.01). The factors negatively associated with physical activity were female gender (p<0.01), body mass index (p=0.048) and perceiving obstacles (p<0.01). There was no relationship with social class (p=0.164). Situational influences were a conditioning factor for boys (p<0.01), but not girls (p=0.561). ConclusionsThis study identifies factors that determinate the practice of physical activity in adolescents. Taking these factors into account in the design of health promotion interventions and policies could help increase levels of physical activity in this population. Even so, there are some variables, such as gender and socioeconomic status, that should be explored in depth through research that is more exploratory and discursive.

Parental Influence on Child and Adolescent Physical Activity Level: A Meta-Analysis.

Parents are often regarded as one of the significant social agents who are important to the participation of physical activity (PA) among children and adolescents. However, within the literature, the relationships between parental influences and child and adolescent PA have been inconclusive and discordant. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantify and synthesize the associations between parental social influences (positive parental influence, punishment, and discouragement) and the PA level of children and adolescents. Through a systematic literature search using PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, and SPORTDiscus databases, we identified 112 eligible studies and subsequently extracted 741 effect sizes for our analysis. Multilevel meta-analysis showed that the corrected zero-order correlation of positive parental influence was positive and statistically significant, r = 0.202, SE = 0.014, t = 14.975, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.176, 0.228]. Further moderation analysis also found that this was significantly moderated by parental gender (maternal vs. paternal), respondent of influence measure (parent-reported vs. child-reported), and type of PA measure (subjective vs. objective). The corrected zero-order correlations of negative parental influences (i.e., punishment and discouragement) were not statistically significant, and no significant moderation effects were observed. The findings of our meta-analysis showed that children and adolescents had higher PA levels when their parents supported PA participation by exerting positive social influence. Punishment and discouragement against PA by parents did not appear to be significantly associated with the PA level of children and adolescents. The findings of negative parental social influence were mixed and required further investigations.

Adherence to Singapore 24-hour Integrated Activity Guidelines and Quality of Life among Singaporean Children and Adolescents in the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of children and adolescents in meeting The Singapore Integrated 24-Hour Activity Guidelines for Children and Adolescents and whether the number of guidelines met was associated to Quality of Life (QoL). Parents of youths aged 7 to 18 years completed an online questionnaire consisting of the Singaporean Children Lifestyle Questionnaire and the Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL™) 4.0 Inventory. Parents reported on the physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), recreational screen time (ST), sleep, dietary habits, as well as the QoL of their children. Their responses were benchmarked against the Singapore Integrated 24-Hour Activity Guidelines. Survey results of 181 youths showed that more than 38% of children and adolescents did not meet any of four guidelines relating to PA, recreational ST, sleep, and diet. Daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (31.1 vs. 17.1 min) and ST (3.5 vs. 2.5 h) of adolescents were significantly higher than that of children (p &lt;.05) while adolescent sleep was significantly lower than that of children (7.3 vs 8.5 h, p &lt; .05). QoL scores were higher when more guidelines were met but the association was not statistically significant (p = .11). Ameliorative programmes to help more youths cultivate positive lifestyle habits are recommended.

Trends in U.S. adolescent physical activity and obesity: A 20-year age-period-cohort analysis.

Adolescent obesity can lead to long-term health problems and is a topic of major concern in pediatric and broader medical and public health spheres. Numerous national and state-wide initiatives aimed at increasing physical activity and/or improving nutrition in this age group have assumed the goal of reducing the prevalence adolescent obesity. We assess trends in U.S. adolescent physical activity and body mass index between 1999 and 2019. Using data from the U.S. Youth Risk Behaviour Surveillance System, we analyse data from 144 544 14-to-18-year-old respondents. We use multilevel linear and logistic regression to perform age-period-cohort analyses attributing changes in physical activity and body mass index over time to these three sources. Age and period effects are strong in all outcomes studied. Physical activity consistently decreases with age across the study period. Age trends in obesity have reversed in recent years, with older adolescents now more likely to be have obesity than younger adolescents. Both female and Asian adolescents report less physical activity but lower rates of obesity than their male and non-Asian counterparts. The reversal of obesity trends by age with little change in physical activity over the study period suggests other lifestyle factors have changed over the study period to increase the prevalence of obesity in older adolescents.

Longitudinal association of childhood physical activity and physical fitness with physical activity in adolescence: insights from the IDEFICS/I.Family study.

This study aimed to examine associations of early childhood physical fitness and physical activity (PA) with PA during later childhood/early adolescence while accounting for gender differences. We selected data of N= 4329 children from the IDEFICS/I. Family cohort (age 2.4-11.7 years) with data on baseline fitness and accelerometer measurements. At baseline, physical fitness tests were conducted including Flamingo balance, Backsaver sit and reach, Handgrip strength, Standing Long Jump, 40-m sprint and 20-m Shuttle run (to estimate cardio-respiratory fitness levels). PA was measured with Actigraph accelerometers over 3 days at baseline (ActiTrainer or GT1M) and 7 days at follow-up (GT3X). Evenson cutpoints were used to determine moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) time, and children with ≥60mins/day of average MVPA were deemed as having met WHO guidelines at baseline and follow-up. Linear and logistic regressions were performed to examine longitudinal associations between meeting WHO guidelines, MVPA, and physical fitness tests at baseline with meeting WHO guidelines and MVPA at follow-up. Models were conducted on the entire sample, the sex-stratified sample, and stratified by sex and pubertal status at follow-up. Results showed that meeting WHO guidelines for MVPA at baseline was positively associated with MVPA (Standardized Beta (B) = 0.13, 95%CI:(5.6;11.1)) and meeting WHO guidelines at follow-up for the entire sample (OR = 2.1, 95%CI:(1.5; 3.14), and stratified by males (OR = 2.5, 95%CI:(1.5; 4.1)) and females (OR = 1.8, 95%CI:(1.0; 3.2)). This was also found for both male pre/early pubertal and pubertal groups but only in the female pre/early pubertal group, and not the female pubertal group (MVPA: B = .00, 95%CI:(- 6.1; 5.6), WHO: OR = 0.61, 95%CI:(0.23;1.6)). Models indicated that Standing Long jump, 40-m sprint, Shuttle run and Flamingo balance at baseline were associated with MVPA and meeting the guidelines at follow-up. Meeting WHO guidelines and certain fitness tests at baseline were strongly associated with MVPA and meeting WHO guidelines at follow-up, but this association varied with sex and pubertal status. Consequently, these findings underline the importance of ensuring sufficient physical activity in terms of quality and quantity for children at the earliest stages of life. ISRCTN62310987.

Correlates of Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies

Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at a high risk for a lack of physical activity (PA). The aim of this study is to review the evidence on the correlates of PA in children and adolescents with ASD in low- and middle-income countries. We searched Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection (PBSC), Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science (WOS), MEDLINE, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Education Source (ES), and Academic Search Premier (ASP) databases for relevant studies until April 2022, inclusive, to examine the factors associated with the studies of PA in children and adolescents with ASD aged 5 to 17 years in low- and middle-income countries. A total of 15 articles are included in the present review. Three researchers assessed the methodological quality and extracted relevant data of the included reviews. The correlates were synthesized and further assessed semi-quantitatively. Results of this review show that gender (boys) and more PA opportunities were positively associated with the PA of children and adolescents with ASD, while age and body mass index (BMI) were negatively related to their PA levels in low- and middle-income countries. The day of week was found to be inconsistently associated with PA in children and adolescents with ASD. The findings suggest that research on the correlates of PA in adolescents with ASD in low- and middle-income countries is limited. However, there are clear correlates for which future interventions could be based (age, gender, BMI, and PA opportunity) to promote PA participation in children and adolescents with ASD in low- and middle-income countries.

Physical activity and sedentary behaviors in Polish children and adolescents

ObjectiveParticipating in physical activity (PA) is essential for children's proper development. Promoting physical activity from early school years is considered a highly important prevention task for good health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of PA and sedentary behavior of children and adolescents aged 6–17 years attending primary and junior high schools in Wroclaw, Lower Silesia, Poland. The study assessed the frequency of various forms of PA and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents. The age differences in PA and sedentary behavior in the cohort studied was also analyzed. DesignSurvey study to assess children's and adolescents’ physical activity and sedentary behavior were based on a parent-reported questionnaire. ParticipantsA total of 2913 children and adolescents aged 6–17 years (average age, 11.38 years) from Wroclaw, Poland, who participated in a pro-health campaign “Let's Get the Kids Moving.” This project promotes a healthy lifestyle among primary and middle school students. ResultsThe frequency of physical activity significantly decreased as children grew older (p < 0.0001). As many as 18.6% of adolescents 13–17 years old undertook the recommended level of physical activity less than once a week. Time spent in front of the television or computer by pupils in group 3 was longer than in younger children (p < 0.0001). Nearly 19% of adolescents (13–17 years old) spent 5 h or more daily in a sitting position in front of the television or computer on weekends. ConclusionsPolish children and adolescents do not spend the recommended level of time on physical activity and spend excessive time in front of the television and other electronic devices. The level of physical activity decreases as the number of hours spent in a sitting position increases with increasing age. Actions should be taken to avoid the long-term consequences of these behaviors.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Obesity and Physical Activity in Schoolchildren: The Effect of Mediation

There are only a few studies that have examined the interaction between physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and overweightness/obesity in adolescents, and these studies have shown some limitations. The objective of this study was to examine whether the association between PA (moderate-vigorous PA [MVPA], moderate PA [MPA], and vigorous PA [VPA]) and obesity is mediated by CRF. This cross-sectional study was conducted in six middle and high-schools in the Porto district (Portugal), comprising 632 children and adolescents. Fat mass (FM), CRF, MVPA, MPA, and VPA were assessed. The Process macro for SPSS was used. CRF was significantly associated with PA for both children and adolescents. Likewise, FM was negatively and significantly associated with CRF for both children (β = -0.337) and adolescents (β = -0.255). FM was associated with PA in children (MVPA: β = -0.102; MPA: β = -0.118; VPA: β = -0.305) and adolescents (MVPA: β: -0.103; MPA: β = -0.082; VPA: β = -0.204). The mediation analysis showed that the association between PA (MVPA//MPA/VPA) and obesity was mediated by CRF, in both children and adolescents, with a significant value in the Sobel test. Obesity is associated with CRF and MVPA, MPA, and VPA. However, CRF acted as a complete mediator between the association of obesity and PA.

Changes in physical activity behavior in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on a trans-theoretical model.

This article presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies of physical activity (PA) behavioral changes in children and adolescents based on the trans-theoretical model (TTM). The main purpose is to test the rationality of TTM and the secondary purpose is to analyze whether PA can effectively identify the stages of change. The databases CNKI, Wan-Fang, VIP, WOS, PubMed, and EBSCO were searched by computer. Two researchers independently reviewed the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the literature. Stata 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis. A total of 17 articles of medium and high quality were included in the meta-analysis. First, the behavior changes of PA of children and adolescents are related to the process of change (POC), self-efficacy (SEI), and decisional balance (DBL). The POC, SEI, and DBL have obvious stage characteristics. Second, with increasing intensity of PA, the degree of discrimination of stage of change (SOC) also improved, but PA could not still fully distinguish each stage. It is suggested that follow-up studies should compare the stages of change of different criteria by comprehensive behavioral data, exercise willingness, and exercise habits. Furthermore, it is recommended that more studies use longitudinal surveys or experimental interventions to test the rationality of TTM. It is suggested that the follow-up study design more standardized measurement tools to explore the change in PA behavior of children and adolescents.

Gender and Age Association with Physical Activity and Mood States of Children and Adolescents in Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 had a huge impact on daily life. It greatly reduced our physical activity (PA) and caused an increase in negative emotions. The emotions of different ages and sexes were impacted during the pandemic but the most severely influenced were adolescents. Therefore, the study’s main purpose was to explore the influence of age and gender on adolescent physical activity and emotions during the pandemic. Methods: The subjects of the present study were 14,045 adolescents aged 10–18 years from the Yan’an Shaanxi province. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used to investigate the PA and Profile of Mood States (POMS) was used to investigate adolescents’ mood states. Results: we found that girls and boys have significant differences in total PA and moderate PA (p &lt; 0.01). The adolescents’ PA levels of different ages had significant differences (p &lt; 0.01). Meanwhile, boys had higher negative emotion scores (anger, fatigue, depression, confusion) than girls. Girls, in contrast, had higher positive emotion scores (self-esteem, vigor) (p &lt; 0.01). With increasing age, the increase in emotional states seems to diminish (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: Results show long-term social isolation causes reduced PA and increased negative mood states. Girls’ PA was higher than boys, and boys had higher levels of mood disturbances. PA and levels of mood disturbances were significantly associated with age from 10 to 18 years old. This research study aimed to help the correlation department understand the relationship between PA and mood states of adolescents of different ages and sexes during COVID-19. Providing health promotion and preventative advice for different sex and age groups has expanded globally.

Life satisfaction and parental support among secondary school students in Urumqi: the mediation of physical activity.

This study is aimed to analyze the relationship between parental support, physical activity and life satisfaction among secondary school students in Urumqi city, and also to explore the mediating role of physical activity in the relationship between life satisfaction and parental support among secondary school students. A questionnaire survey was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022, using a stratified whole-group random sampling method among 2,474 secondary school students aged 11-18 years in Urumqi city, including a general demographic questionnaire, a Chinese version of the Child and Adolescent Physical Activity Questionnaire, Chinese version of the Child and Adolescent Parental Support Scale, and the Multidimensional Student Life Satisfaction Scale. The Bootstrap mediating effect test was used to test the effect relationship between the variables, and Amos was adopted to analyze the mediating effect of physical activity between secondary school students' life satisfaction and parental support. Secondary school students scored (33.22 ± 5.68) on life satisfaction, (2.11 ± 0.64) on physical activity, (24.85 ± 4.31) on the mother's roll and (24.73 ± 4.40) on the father's roll. Maternal support was a significant direct predictor of life satisfaction (β=0.303, t=11.893, P<0.01). Maternal support was a positive predictor of physical activity (β=0.027, t = 9.332, P<0.01). And the physical activity was a positive predictor of life satisfaction (β=1.362, t = 7.665, P < 0.01). Paternal support was a significant direct predictor of life satisfaction (β=0.334, t = 13.448, P < 0.01). Paternal support was a positive predictor of physical activity (β=0.030, t = 10.665, P < 0.01). Physical activity was a positive predictor of life satisfaction (β=1.264, t = 7.119, P<0.01). Physical activity had a mediating effect between life satisfaction and parental support (effect values: 11.88% in maternal support and 11.38% in paternal support, respectively). The supportive parental environment of secondary school students in Urumqi can directly influence their life satisfaction and also indirectly influence their life satisfaction by enhancing their physical activity level, and parental support for physical activity of secondary school students should be enhanced to promote their life satisfaction level.