Physical Activity In Adolescents Research Articles

Physical activity during early life and the risk of all-cause mortality in midlife: findings from a birth cohort study.

The objective of this study was to examine the association between physical activity during childhood and adolescence and the risk of all-cause mortality in midlife. We analyzed data from a birth cohort (The 1958 National Child Development Survey), including births in England, Wales and Scotland. Physical activity was assessed using questionnaires at ages 7, 11 and 16. Death certificates defined all-cause mortality. Cumulative exposure, sensitive and critical periods, and physical activity trajectory from childhood to adolescence were tested using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. The sweep the death was confirmed was defined as the time event. From age 23 to 55, 8.9% of participants (n = 9398) died. Physical activity in childhood and adolescence affected the risk of all-cause mortality in midlife. In men, physical activity at ages 11 [hazard ratio (HR): 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60-0.98] and 16 (HR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.46-0.78) was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality. In women, physical activity at age 16 (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.48-0.95) was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality. Physical activity in adolescence eliminated the risk of all-cause mortality associated with physical inactivity in adulthood in women. Physical activity during childhood and adolescence was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality with different effects by sex.

Social epidemiology of Fitbit daily steps in early adolescence

BackgroundSociodemographic disparities in adolescent physical activity have been documented but mostly rely on self-reported data. Our objective was to examine differences in device-based step metrics, including daily step count (steps d−1), by sociodemographic factors among a diverse sample of 10-to-14-year-old adolescents in the US.MethodsWe analyzed prospective cohort data from Year 2 (2018–2020) of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 6460). Mixed-effects models were conducted to estimate associations of sociodemographic factors (sex, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, household income, parental education, and parental marital status) with repeated measures of steps d−1 over the course of 21 days.ResultsParticipants (49.6% female, 39.0% racial/ethnic minority) accumulated an average of 9095.8 steps d−1. In mixed-effects models, 1543.6 more steps d−1 were recorded for male versus female sex, Black versus White race (328.8 more steps d−1), heterosexual versus sexual minority sexual orientation (676.4 more steps d−1), >$200,000 versus <$25,000 household income (1003.3 more steps d−1), and having married/partnered parents versus unmarried/unpartnered parents (326.3 more steps d−1). We found effect modification by household income for Black adolescents and by sex for Asian adolescents.ConclusionsGiven sociodemographic differences in adolescent steps d−1, physical activity guidelines should focus on key populations and adopt strategies optimized for adolescents from diverse backgrounds.ImpactSociodemographic disparities in physical activity have been documented but mostly rely on self-reported data, which can be limited by reporting and prevarication bias.In this demographically diverse sample of 10–14-year-old early adolescents in the U.S., we found notable and nuanced sociodemographic disparities in Fitbit steps per day.More daily steps were recorded for male versus female sex, Black versus White race, heterosexual versus sexual minority, >$100,000 versus <$25,000 household income, and having married/partnered versus unmarried/unpartnered parents.We found effect modification by household income for Black adolescents and by sex for Asian adolescents.

1108-P: Physical Activity in Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) or Prediabetes—The Role of Motivation

Background: Adolescents with T2D engage in little moderate-to-vigorous PA. Although autonomous (internally driven) motivation is associated with PA engagement in healthy individuals, whether this is true for AYA with T2D or prediabetes is unknown. Methods: Participants were 13-22 years old with T2D or prediabetes who were enrolled in an ongoing trial (NCT04874415) to promote PA. Prior to randomization, we assessed autonomous motivation to exercise (Relative Autonomy Index, RAI) using the Behavioral Regulation to Exercise Questionnaire-3. To assess PA, AYA completed PACE+ survey (days active &amp;lt;60 min in last and typical weeks) and used a wrist-worn activity tracker for 14 days. Associations between RAI and PA were assessed using Pearson correlation and linear regression. Results: Participants (n=33; 19F; 19 T2D, 14 prediabetes) were 15.9 ± 2.0 years and racially diverse (57% non-White). Correlation between RAI and step count was strong (r=0.5, p=0.001), and the highest RAI quartiles achieved &amp;lt;3000 more steps/day than the lowest (p&amp;lt;0.05). RAI also correlated with PACE+ days active/week (r=0.4, p=0.01). Relationships persisted after adjustment for age, sex, race, and T2D. Conclusion: Greater autonomous motivation to exercise was associated with higher objective and subjective PA. Autonomous motivation may be a target for behavioral intervention in AYA with T2D or prediabetes. Disclosure M.Vajravelu: None. A.Rodriguez gonzalez: None. B.Hewitt: None. A.Kriska: None. J.Mitchell: None. V.Helgeson: None. S.Amaral: Advisory Panel; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. S.A.Arslanian: Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company, Consultant; Société des Produits Nestlé SA,, Other Relationship; Eli Lilly and Company, AstraZeneca, Research Support; Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company. Funding National Institutes of Health (K23DK125719, UL1TR001857)

Association of health predictors with quality of life in children and adolescents.

To evaluate the association of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) with physical activity, food consumption, sleep duration and screen time in children and adolescents. Cross-sectional study with 268 students aged 10-17 years from a public school in Brazil. The outcome variable was HRQOL score, evaluated by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™). Exposure variables were habitual physical activity, food consumption, sleep duration, and screen time. A general linear model was used to estimate age-adjusted means and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) of HRQOL scores, and a multivariable analysis of variance to identify factors associated with lower/higher HRQOL scores. The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas. Overall HRQOL score was 70.3 (95 % CI: 68.0-72.6). Multivariable analyses showed lower HRQOL scores for those adolescents who: 1-were physically inactive (67.3; p=0.014); 2-sleep less than 6 h per night (66.8; p=0.003); 3-eat fruits and vegetables less than five days/week (68.9; p=0.027); and 4-eat fast food twice/week or more (68.6; p=0.036) when compared to their opposite groups. Screen time was not statistically significantly associated with total HRQOL. The joint association found in our study suggests that at least three habits must change to improve the HRQOL of children and adolescents (physical activity, food consumption, and sleep duration). Therefore, interventions in schools to promote a healthy lifestyle to achieve a better HRQOL should include a multidisciplinary team to properly guide children and adolescents about these habits simultaneously.

Physical Activity Engagement: Perspectives From Adolescents With Comorbid Asthma and Overweight/Obesity and Their Caregivers.

Most adolescents do not meet physical activity (PA) guidelines, and engagement rates are even lower among adolescents with asthma and overweight/obesity (OW/OB). Understanding barriers and facilitators to PA engagement that are unique to youth with comorbid asthma and OW/OB is important for PA promotion. The current qualitative study identified caregiver- and adolescent-reported factors contributing to PA among adolescents with comorbid asthma and OW/OB across the four domains of the Pediatric Self-Management Model: individual, family, community, and health care system. Participants were 20 adolescents (Mage = 16.01; 55% male) with asthma and OW/OB and their caregiver (90% mothers). Caregivers and adolescents participated in separate semistructured interviews about influences, processes, and behaviors related to adolescent PA engagement. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Factors contributing to PA varied across four domains. The individual domain included influences (e.g., weight status, psychological and physical challenges, asthma triggers and symptoms) and behaviors (e.g., taking asthma medications, self-monitoring). At the family level, influences included support, lack of modeling, and independence; processes included prompts and praise; and behaviors included engaging in shared PA and providing resources. Community-level influences included surrounding and settings, social support, and cornonavirus disease-2019-related changes, while behaviors included engaging in PA with others and extracurricular activities. Influences, processes, and behaviors across multiple domains interact to impact adolescent PA engagement, highlighting factors that may be potential leverage points in prevention and intervention efforts to promote adolescent PA.

The Effect of Health Education on the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders towards Knowledge, Attitudes and Healthy Behaviors of Adolescents in Purwokerto

Background: COVID-19 pandemic occurred over the past two years remains several health problems in adolescent, especially musculoskeletal disorders due to inadequate physical activity and body’s posture during activities at home which does not pay attention to ergonomic principles in the long term. Objective: To identify the effect of health education on ergonomic posture and healthy lifestyle on knowledge, attitudes, physical activity and nutritional patterns of adolescents in order to prevent musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Methods: This study involved 26 students of a senior high school and used a pre-post-test design without a control group. Data collection with a questionnaire was measured before and after health education. The variables measured include knowledge, attitudes and behavior related to nutrition, knowledge and attitudes about ergonomics and MSDs, knowledge of physical activities and sports. Results: Health education had a significant effect on the level of adolescent’s knowledge related to musculoskeletal nutrition (p = 0.006) and the behavior of increasing nutritional intake for musculoskeletal nutrition (p = 0.015), but had no effect on increasing adolescent knowledge regarding ergonomics (p = 0.687) and physical activity for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders (p = 1.00). Conclusion: Health education is effective in increasing knowledge and behavior related to musculoskeletal nutrition. Health education innovations are needed to improve attitudes and behavior related to ergonomics and physical activity in adolescents for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders

Sexual maturation and physical activity in adolescents: association and interaction

Sexual maturation and physical activity in adolescents: association and interaction

Association of accelerometer-measured physical activity and midlife income: A Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study.

This study investigated the association between physical activity (PA) and midlife income. The population-based data comprised employed members of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (N = 2797). Using binned scatterplots and polynomial regressions, we evaluated the association between accelerometer-measured moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) at 46 years old and register-based income at 50 years old. The models were adjusted for sex, marital status, number of children, education, adolescent PA, occupational physical strenuousness, and time preference. We found MPA (p < 0.001), VPA (p < 0.05), and MVPA (p < 0.001) to associate curvilinearly with income. In subgroup analyses, a curvilinear association was found between MPA (p < 0.01) and MVPA (p < 0.01) among those with physically strenuous work, VPA among all females (p < 0.01) and females with physically light work (p < 0.01), and MPA and MVPA among all males and males with physically strenuous work (p < 0.05; p < 0.01; p < 0.05; p < 0.05, respectively) and income. The highest income benefits occurred at PA volumes higher than current PA guidelines. Linear associations between PA and income were found among females for MPA (p < 0.05) and MVPA (p < 0.05), among those with physically light work for MPA (p < 0.05), VPA (p < 0.05), and MVPA (p < 0.05), and among females with physically strenuous work for VPA (p < 0.05). We conclude that PA up to the current recommended level is associated with income, but MPA exceeding 505.4 min/week, VPA exceeding 216.4 min/week, and MVPA exceeding 555.0 min/week might have a negative association with income.

Adolescent Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Risk in Young Women: Findings From the ProF-SC Study

Study Purpose: The incidence of breast cancer (BC) in young women under age 40 years has increased substantially over time, underscoring the need for a better understanding of early life modifiers of risk. We examined the association of recreational physical activity (RPA) with BC risk before age 40 years, focusing on RPA during the adolescent window of susceptibility. Methods: We used data from the ProF-SC Study, which is enriched for young women at increased risk for BC. We conducted an ambidirectional cohort analysis that included women, aged ≤ 55 years at baseline, who were enrolled within 5 years of their first primary BC diagnosis or had no history of BC at baseline (n = 14,865). Women reported by baseline questionnaire their average levels of moderate and strenuous RPA during adolescence (12–17 years), which we converted to total metabolic equivalents per week (METs-per-week) and categorized into quartiles after adjusting for baseline age. We conducted attained age analyses until 40 years using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for baseline sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Follow-up started at age 18 years and ended at age at first invasive BC diagnosis, last follow-up, or 40 years, whichever came first. Results: There were 1,646 BC diagnoses before age 40 during 30,5594 person-years of follow-up. Being in the highest vs. lowest quartile of adolescent RPA was significantly associated with a 16% reduced risk of BC until age 40 before adjustment for baseline RPA (HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.73–0.97). This association was attenuated and no longer statistically significant after adjustment for baseline RPA (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.77–1.04). We identified a statistically significant multiplicative interaction between adolescent and baseline RPA (interaction P value = 0.03). A one standard deviation increase in METs-per-week of baseline RPA was associated with a 5% reduced BC risk for women in the 10th percentile of adolescent RPA (HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.90–1.00) and an 11% reduced risk in the 90th percentile (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84–0.95). Conclusions: These findings suggest that adolescent physical activity might reduce breast cancer risk in young women and underscore the importance of maintain or increasing RPA levels across the lifecourse.

Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents in Croatia: A Global Matrix 4.0 Systematic Review of Its Prevalence and Associated Personal, Social, Environmental, and Policy Factors.

The previous review of physical activity (PA) among Croatian children and adolescents was conducted a decade ago. Therefore, the aim of this study was to summarize recent evidence on PA of Croatian children and adolescents and associated personal, social, environmental, and policy factors. Eighteen experts reviewed the available evidence and provided ratings (from the lowest grade "F" to the highest grade "A+") for the 10 Global Matrix indicators. A systematic search with 100 keywords was conducted in Hrčak, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science for documents published from January 01, 2012, to April 15, 2022. We also conducted internet searches and secondary analyses of data (relative frequencies) from 6 studies. After assessing 7562 references, we included 90 publications in the review and 18 studies (83.3% of medium-to-good quality) in evidence synthesis. We found a high prevalence of insufficient PA (especially among girls) and excessive screen time (especially among boys). PA participation of children and adolescents in Croatia has declined over time. The following grades were assigned to the indicators for Croatia: B- for overall PA, C- for organized sport and PA, C for active play, C- for active transportation, D+ for sedentary behavior, inconclusive for physical fitness, D+ for family and peers, B- for school, B- for community and environment, and D+ for government. Coordinated actions are needed across sectors to improve PA promotion, with a focus on increasing PA among girls, reducing sedentary screen time among boys, improving parental support for PA, and further development of national PA policies.

Differences in Physical Activity Patterns among Korean Adolescents during and after COVID-19.

Due to the COVID-19-induced social distancing restrictions, adolescents' physical activity declined and their level of health and fitness decreased. In March 2023, the Korean government established the beginning of the post-COVID-19 era by declaring that indoor masks were now "recommended" rather than "mandatory". Consequently, adolescents, whose physical activity decreased during COVID-19, began to participate in such activities again. This study aimed to verify the differences in adolescent physical activity during COVID-19 and after COVID-19. To achieve the study's purpose, an online survey was conducted twice, using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, for 1143 Korean adolescents in 2022 and 2023. The following results were derived through frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, and an independent variables t-test. First, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was higher during the post-COVID-19 period than during COVID-19 (p = 0.018). Second, high-intensity (p = 0.018), moderate-intensity (p = 0.030), and low-intensity (p = 0.002) physical activities and total leisure-time physical activities (p = 0.003) were all higher during the post-COVID-19 period than during COVID-19. Third, high-intensity (p = 0.005), moderate-intensity (p = 0.003), low-intensity (p = 0.003) activities and total physical activities in school (p = 0.001) were all higher during the post-COVID-19 period than during COVID-19. Fourth, there was no difference in the commuting times for cycling (p = 0.515) and walking (p = 0.484) and the total physical activities during commuting (p = 0.375) during and after COVID-19. Based on these results, the methods to help adolescents form correct habits for leading a healthy life are discussed.

청소년의 여가시간 좌식행동과 중·고강도 신체활동 및 근력운동이 범불안장애에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of adolescents' sedentary behavior, physical activity, and resistance training on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7). The study utilized data from the 17th Korean Youth Health Behavior Online Survey conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2021. Items on sedentary behavior, physical activity, subjective health status, suicidal ideation, stress, sleep, and GAD-7 were analyzed among 49,998 respondents after excluding missing data. The results showed that sedentary behavior was positively associated with GAD-7, while resistance training was identified as a factor that could reduce the risk of GAD-7 in adolescents more specifically than overall moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The increasing trend of sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity among adolescents worldwide has been linked to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and mental health issues. Continuous research and recommendations are needed to improve the physical and mental health of adolescents and enhance their quality of life.

0756 Amount and Timing of Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity following Experimental Sleep Extension in Adolescents

Abstract Introduction Short sleep and sedentary behavior (SB) are both associated with negative health outcomes including increased risk of metabolic syndrome and obesity. Adolescence is a period characterized by decreased physical activity (PA), increased SB, and chronic short sleep. Literature about the impact of sleep duration on PA in adolescents is limited. The goal of this study was to examine changes in the amount and timing of PA and SB following a one-week sleep extension manipulation. Methods The sleep, PA, and SB of 34 short-sleeping (≤7h on school days) and habitually sedentary (&amp;lt; 3h of physical activity per week) healthy-weight adolescents (age=16.4±1.1 years; 68% female; 73% non-Hispanic White) were objectively measured in a randomized cross-over study during the academic year. Participants completed one week of Typical Sleep (usual school schedule) and one week of Sleep Extension (≥1h time in bed each school night). Sleep was estimated using wrist-worn actigraphy; PA and SB were measured using a thigh-worn accelerometer. Paired t-tests compared total minutes and time blocks of PA and SB during each condition. Results Total SB decreased from 750.4±109.08 to 699.32±91.76 min/day during Sleep Extension compared to Typical Sleep (p= 0.018). Specifically, SB significantly decreased during Sleep Extension in the 6PM-12AM (Typical Sleep=223.1±66.6, Sleep Extension=193.8±46.2 min; p=0.04) and 12AM-6AM (Typical Sleep=22.2±36.9, Sleep Extension=5.8±9.5 min; p=0.02) time frames. There were no significant changes in light, moderate, or vigorous PA between conditions (p&amp;gt;0.05). Conclusion Adolescents significantly decreased time spent in SB by nearly 1h per day during Sleep Extension with no change in PA, similar to prior research. Notably, the decrease in SB occurred during the 6PM-6AM time frame, suggesting that the additional sleep displaced time otherwise spent in SB. Reallocation of time spent in SB to PA is associated with positive health outcomes, but no research has examined reallocation to sleep time. Additional studies are needed to identify the related health effects of increased sleep duration and reduced SB in adolescents. Support (if any) NIH NIDDK K23DK117021; NIH BIRCWH 2K12HD057022; CTSA UL1 TR002535

Dietary Trends Among Adolescents in Surakarta City During the COVID-19 Pandemic

&lt;p class="AbstractNormal"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Restrictions on activities outside the home due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including schools, can influence dietary profiles, especially those of adolescents. The effort to suppress COVID-19 transmission changes Adolescents’ lifestyles, physical activity, and eating behavior towards deterioration endangers their health, and increases the risk of degenerative diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and other NCDs that can exacerbate COVID-19 disease. This study aims to explore nutritional modifications during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents aged 15 to 19 years, compared with their usual diets before the pandemic, and identify variables that may correlate with the changes. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="AbstractNormal"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;This study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected by online questionnaire and interviews on food intake, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity among 96 adolescents from Surakarta City. We used the Wilcoxon test and the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparative analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="AbstractNormal"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Result&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;s: &lt;/strong&gt;The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic modified insignificantly the dietary intake, BMI, and physical activity. In particular, we recorded and analyzed the modified consumption of main dishes (p=0,745), side dishes (p=0,082), vegetables (p=0,000), fruits (p=0,528), snacks (p=0,128), and beverages (p=0,046) using Wilcoxon's analysis (p&amp;lt;0,005). In addition, the Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed that gender, BMI, and physical activity had varied comparisons with dietary intake during COVID-19.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="AbstractNormal"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;: &lt;/strong&gt;The COVID-19 pandemic had an insignificant impact on changes in dietary intake which were not significantly affected by gender, BMI, and physical activity in adolescents in Surakarta City.&lt;/p&gt;

Move for Your Heart, Break a Sweat for Your Mind: Providing Precision in Adolescent Health and Physical Activity Behaviour Pattern

PurposeAdolescent health benefits of different physical activity (PA) intensities, especially of lower intensities, are debated due to challenges in accelerometer data processing and analyses. Using a new accelerometer data processing method and multivariate pattern analysis, this study investigated the association of PA intensities with indicators of cardiovascular and mental health. MethodsAdolescents (n = 1,235, mean age 13.6 years, 41% males) were examined for cardiovascular health: body mass index (BMI) z-score, waist circumference (WC), resting heart rate and blood pressure, white blood cell count (WBC), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and answered questionnaires assessing stress and psychosomatic symptoms. Sex, age, and socioeconomic status were confounders. Hip-worn accelerometer data were processed with 10 Hz frequency extended method and a spectrum of 22 PA intensity categories was analyzed for association with health using partial least squares regression. ResultsTotal explained variances for BMI z-score, WC, resting heart rate, stress, and psychosomatic symptoms were higher (3.3%–8.7%) compared to diastolic blood pressure, WBC, and PWV (0.9%–1.4%). We found positive associations of high-end moderate PA and vigorous PA with cardiovascular and mental health indicators. More sedentary time and lower level of light PA were associated with higher BMI z-score, WC, resting heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, WBC, and PWV, but not with mental health indicators. Very vigorous PA was negatively associated with resting heart rate, stress, and psychosomatic symptoms. DiscussionIn adolescents, PA of varying intensities were generally found to be positively associated with better cardiovascular health, but only higher intensity PA was associated with better mental health.

Synthesis May Be Better than Singleness— A Cross-sectional Study on Physical Activity Environment, Food Environment and Adolescents' BMI

Objectives: To analyze the relationship between residential physical activity environment and food environment respectively and adolescent BMI level, the correlation between adolescent physical activity level and food intake behavior respectively and adolescent BMI level, as well as compare the difference of correlation between residential single physical activity environment or combined physical activity environment and adolescent BMI level, and the difference of correlation between food environment and adolescent BMI level. Methods: Based on the cross-sectional study design, a total of 1035 adolescents aged 11 to 17 years were surveyed in the urban area of Jinhua City. The final valid sample was 884 (including 411 males and 473 females) after screening, due to the methodological difficulties of the food intake frequency survey. The height and weight of the sample were measured, and the subjective perception evaluation of physical activity level, frequency of food intake, residential physical activity environment, and food environment were investigated. Results: (1) No significant difference exists in BMI between physical activity levels in the sample overall and among men, but a significant difference exists between physical activity levels among women (p&lt;0.05). A significant difference exists in BMI between the frequencies of non-healthy food intake in the overall sample (p&lt;0.05 or p&lt;0.01). After differentiating by gender, there were significant differences in BMI among different frequencies of fried food, puffed food, and carbonated beverage intake among men (p&lt;0.05 or p&lt;0.01), and among women for different frequencies of puffed food, sugary drinks, and carbonated beverages (p&lt;0.05 or p&lt;0.01). (2) All indicators of physical activity environment in the residence were correlated with the physical activity level of adolescents and were significant (p&lt;0.05 or p&lt;0.01). The physical activity level of females compared to males was correlated with the safety of physical activity facilities and other environmental indicators in and around the residence and was significant after differentiating by gender. (3) Binary Logistic Regression results showed that when the independent variable was the combination of "physical activity and frequency of food intake", fried food (OR=1.771, p&lt;0.05), puffed food (OR=1.762, p&lt;0.05), and carbonated beverage intake frequency (OR=2.082, p&lt;0.05) were risk factors for adolescent obesity. When the independent variable was a combination of "physical activity environment and food environment", fewer stray dogs roaming in and around the residence (OR=0.766, p&lt;0.05), better physical activity venues/facilities (OR=0.661, p&lt;0.05), and more free physical exercise areas (OR= 0.686, p &lt; 0.01) were protective factors for adolescent obesity. Conclusion: The overall physical activity level of adolescents in Jinhua urban area was low and the frequency of unhealthy food intake was high. The differences between groups with different unhealthy food intake frequencies were significant. There were significant correlations between physical activity environment and physical activity level of adolescents, and food environment and frequency of unhealthy food intake of adolescents. A better physical activity environment and food environment in and around the residence contributed to adolescents showing relatively lower BMI levels. Female adolescents need to pay more attention to the combined effect of "physical activity environment and food environment" in obesity prevention and control, compared with male adolescents.

Feasibility and Acceptability of Chatbots for Nutrition and Physical Activity Health Promotion Among Adolescents: Systematic Scoping Review With Adolescent Consultation.

Reducing lifestyle risk behaviors among adolescents depends on access to age-appropriate health promotion information. Chatbots-computer programs designed to simulate conversations with human users-have the potential to deliver health information to adolescents to improve their lifestyle behaviors and support behavior change, but research on the feasibility and acceptability of chatbots in the adolescent population is unknown. This systematic scoping review aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of chatbots in nutrition and physical activity interventions among adolescents. A secondary aim is to consult adolescents to identify features of chatbots that are acceptable and feasible. We searched 6 electronic databases from March to April 2022 (MEDLINE, Embase, Joanna Briggs Institute, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, the Association for Computing Machinery library, and the IT database Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). Peer-reviewed studies were included that were conducted in the adolescent population (10-19 years old) without any chronic disease, except obesity or type 2 diabetes, and assessed chatbots used nutrition or physical activity interventions or both that encouraged individuals to meet dietary or physical activity guidelines and support positive behavior change. Studies were screened by 2 independent reviewers, with any queries resolved by a third reviewer. Data were extracted into tables and collated in a narrative summary. Gray literature searches were also undertaken. Results of the scoping review were presented to a diverse youth advisory group (N=16, 13-18 years old) to gain insights into this topic beyond what is published in the literature. The search identified 5558 papers, with 5 (0.1%) studies describing 5 chatbots meeting the inclusion criteria. The 5 chatbots were supported by mobile apps using a combination of the following features: personalized feedback, conversational agents, gamification, and monitoring of behavior change. Of the 5 studies, 2 (40.0%) studies focused on nutrition, 2 (40.0%) studies focused on physical activity, and 1 (20.0%) focused on both nutrition and physical activity. Feasibility and acceptability varied across the 5 studies, with usage rates above 50% in 3 (60.0%) studies. In addition, 3 (60.0%) studies reported health-related outcomes, with only 1 (20.0%) study showing promising effects of the intervention. Adolescents presented novel concerns around the use of chatbots in nutrition and physical activity interventions, including ethical concerns and the use of false or misleading information. Limited research is available on chatbots in adolescent nutrition and physical activity interventions, finding insufficient evidence on the acceptability and feasibility of chatbots in the adolescent population. Similarly, adolescent consultation identified issues in the design features that have not been mentioned in the published literature. Therefore, chatbot codesign with adolescents may help ensure that such technology is feasible and acceptable to an adolescent population.

Effects of an Intervention in Online Physical Education Classes on Motivation, Intention, and Physical Activity of Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Effects of an Intervention in Online Physical Education Classes on Motivation, Intention, and Physical Activity of Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Physical (In)Activity Gender Gap of Slovak Non-athlete Adolescents

Study purpose. Declining levels of physical activity in adolescence are of increasing concern, with data showing the difference of ≥ 8% by gender in favor of adolescent boys; therefore, the present study aims at determining physical (in)activity gender gap of non-athlete adolescent boys and girls in Slovakia. Materials and methods. Standardized measure to estimate the habitual practice of physical activity (IPAQ-SF) was carried out six months (January – June, 2022), through the intentional sampling of 1 517 Slovak non-athlete adolescent boys (40.54%, n = 615) and girls (59.46%, n = 902), aged 18 – 19 years (18.50 ± 0.50 years), attending the secondary schools. Descriptive statistics (e.g., measures of frequency, central tendency), two-sample t-test and chi-square test (x2) were used to analyze and compare the data. Results. When considering the physical activity (seven-day week) in adolescence, the Slovak non-athlete adolescent boys and girls reported: (i) high levels of physical activity – 51.73% (n = 785); (ii) moderate levels of physical activity – 25.92% (n = 393); (iii) low levels of physical activity – 22.35% (n = 339) (p ˂ 0.01). When considering the gender gap in physical activity in adolescence, total physical activity (seven-day week), expressed in MET-minutes/ week, was lower (statistically, p ˂ 0.01; difference of 712 MET-minutes/ week) among the Slovak non-athlete adolescent girls (1 898 MET-minutes/ week), compared to boys (2 610 MET-minutes/ week). And when considering the gender gap and sitting time (sedentary behavior), the Slovak non-athlete adolescent girls were more sedentary, compared to boys (p ˃ 0.05) (360 vs. 330 minutes/ week). Conclusions. Constant low levels of physical activity in adolescence constitute the public health emergency of international concern; therefore, the urgent policy action to increase the physical activity is necessary; in particular, in promoting and retaining the adolescent girls’ participation in physical activity.

Effects of exercise habits in adolescence and older age on sarcopenia risk in older adults: the Bunkyo Health Study.

Sarcopenia, defined as an age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is a major risk factor for requiring long-term care. Because physical activity in adolescence and older age enhances peak muscle function in youth and prevents muscle function decline in older age, older adults with exercise habits during both periods may be at a lower risk for sarcopenia. We investigated the relationship between exercise habits in adolescence and older age and sarcopenia and its components in community-dwelling older Japanese adults. This study included 1607 community-dwelling individuals (aged 65-84, medians 73years, 679 men and 928 women) with complete health examinations, including measurements of skeletal muscle index, handgrip strength and gait speed, who were enrolled in the Bunkyo Health Study. We divided the participants into four groups according to exercise habits in adolescence and older age: no exercise in either period (none-none; NN), exercise only in adolescence (active-none; AN), exercise only in older age (none-active; NA) and exercise in both periods (active-active; AA). Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in each group for the prevalence of sarcopenia, defined as low muscle mass and low muscle performance, as compared with the NN group. Low muscle performance was defined as low muscle strength and/or low gait speed. The total prevalence of sarcopenia was 6.6% (45/679) in men and 1.7% (16/928) in women, the total prevalence of low muscle mass was 14.3% (97/679) in men and 5.2% (48/928) in women, and the total prevalence of low muscle performance was 25.6% (174/679) in men and 19.6% (182/928) in women. In men, the ORs (95% CIs) for sarcopenia, low muscle mass and low muscle performance were significantly lower in the AA group (sarcopenia: 0.29 [0.09-0.95], P=0.041; low muscle mass: 0.21 [0.09-0.52], P=0.001; and low muscle performance: 0.52 [0.28-0.97], P=0.038). In women, the OR (95% CI) for low muscle performance was significantly lower in the AA group than in the other groups (0.48 [0.27-0.84], P=0.010), whereas none of the ORs for sarcopenia and low muscle mass were significant. Older men with exercise habits in both adolescence and older age were at a lower risk of sarcopenia, low muscle mass and low muscle performance, whereas older women with exercise habits at both time periods were at a lower risk of low muscle performance.