Phrase Features Research Articles

STYLISTIC FEATURES OF UZBEK SYNONYMOUS PHRASES IN FICTION

The article is discussed the stylistic features of synonymous phrases in the Uzbek language in fiction. Writers and poets have demonstrated the skillful use of expressive means to increase their imagery and effectiveness in describing heroes.

LINGUA-CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ONOMASTIC UNITS OF THE UZBEK LANGUAGE

It is known that in linguistics phraseological units attract constant attention from the point of view of demonstrating the uniqueness of the national language and the peculiarities of the speech of each nation. Identification of the national-linguistic features of phrases with onomastic components included in phraseology in the linguocultural aspect, analysis of their semantic and structural content, identification and classification of their etymological sources are of great importance in the further strengthening of interlingual and intercultural relations. From this point of view, this article examines the linguocultural features of phraseological units of the Uzbek language with an onomastic component that have a national character. The national and cultural aspects of such linguistic units in the Uzbek language are analyzed from the point of view of reflecting religious thinking, lifestyle, customs and social status of the nation.

NATIONALCULTURALCONNOTATIONOFREGULAREXPRESSIONSAND NATIONAL CODE IN KAZAKH AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES

Phraseologisms are one of the language units that provide a lot of information about the history, culture, spiritual values, worldview and lifestyle of a certain nation. The phraseological fund of any language includes the culture, mentality, knowledge and traditions of the nation as much as possible. One of the urgent problems in modern linguistics is to determine the characteristic features of each nation based on the information stored in its language. In particular, the study of languages that are not closely related by genealogy, based on the position of new trends in linguistics, opens the way to great opportunities. Systematizing phraseological units in Kazakh and German, Kazakh and Romanian languages and conducting a comparative study of them is becoming the main object of domestic linguistics today. In the course of the research, methods such as collection, comparison, analysis, summarization, and conclusion were widely used. Phraseological phrases in Kazakh and English languages were analyzed from the semantic, linguisticand cultural aspects. The main features of idiomatic phrases in the Kazakh and English languages were determined, and the history of the origin of English idioms was considered. The results of the research made it possible to determine the connection of phraseological units defining the unique characteristics of each nation with national knowledge and national culture. In the article, it was concluded that regular expressions are the source of the lexical fund of every nation, that they have been formed over centuries and that the people observe the unique worldview of each nation, that it is the language wealth of the nation. In the article, it was determined that regular phrases are sources of ethno- cultural data, a unique linguistic basis for determining the national code.

Six-year-olds’ comprehension of object-gapped relative clause sentences: Investigating the contribution of NP number mismatch

Comprehension of sentences with a center-embedded, object-gapped relative clause (ORC) is challenging for children as well as adults. Mismatching lexical and grammatical features of subject noun phrases (NPs) across the main clause and relative clause has been shown to facilitate comprehension. Adani et al. concluded that children’s comprehension improved under conditions of NP number mismatch (e.g., singular main clause subject and plural relative clause subject) as compared with NP number match (e.g., both singular subjects). However, their stimuli provided number information on verb phrases (VPs) as well as NPs creating a confound for conclusions about facilitative effects of NP number mismatch. In this study, we isolated the contribution of NP number mismatch. Notably, 32 6-year-olds with typical language participated in a center-embedded, ORC sentence comprehension task with 4 types of stimuli: (a) NP number mismatch without VP number information (NP mismatch only), (b) NP number match without VP number information (NP match only), (c) NP number mismatch with VP number mismatch (NP + VP mismatch), and (d) NP number match with VP number match (NP + VP match). Children selected one of four pictures in an array to a verbally presented relative clause sentence; 56 sentences were presented. The within-subjects comparison for NP mismatch only and NP match only was not significant. However, the within-subjects comparison for NP mismatch only and NP + VP mismatch was significant. Children were more successful in NP + VP mismatch sentence comprehension ([Formula: see text] = 0.70).

A novel multi document summarization with document-elements augmentation for learning materials using concept based ILP and clustering methods

Multi Document Summarization (MDS) is a technique for extracting succinct summaries from groups of related documents. The usage of MDS in the e-learning context is more appealing for providing summaries for learning materials, which helps students and teachers to focus on key concepts of the learning materials. In a learning material, availability of non-textual document-elements such as figures/diagrams, plots, graphs, tables and algorithms can be seen widely, but keeping such document-elements in the summary is not possible as they are non-textual. This proposed work incorporates the text summarization approach with document-elements augmentation to the summary to provide a detailed coverage of information without exceeding the summary length constraint. The key information in the source text is identified by important phrase features and sentence features, and the summaries are generated by selecting important sentences using the Integer Linear Programming (ILP) framework while reducing the redundancy using pre-trained sentence vectors. The relationships between the summary and document-elements are identified through document-element snippet extraction and a Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering approach. Experimental results of the proposed summary extraction and augmentation on educational dataset (EduSumm) show better performance compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.

Military slang: Origin, structure and semantics

The humankind has been facing different wars and military conflicts during its existence and development. In the current globalized world, the role of the military is very essential and obvious. Furthermore, military slang in English is of utmost significance due to the leading role of the military from various English-speaking countries. The aim of the following research is to identify and analyze military slangy words and phrases in English; to create the military slang phrases and words corpus; to make their semantic and structural characteristics analyses; and to explain their practical usage context. The methods applied in this research include linguistic analysis, which was utilized in the selection of military slang words and phrases applied in modern English; the word-building analysis, which helped in determining semantics and structural features of military words and phrases utilized in the English language; and linguo-cultural and socio-cultural analyses that allowed giving explanations of the UK and US military traditions, cultures, and vocabulary specific features. The specific characteristics of military slang are dynamism, exaggerated expression, broad usage by the military, and general familiarity. The military slang vocabulary units have the same formation ways typical of general English vocabulary, including meanings transfer (metaphor), abbreviation and acronyms, blending, affixation, conversion, shortening, and compounding.

REFLECTION IN PHRASES OF THE UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH MENTALITY

The article is devoted to the study of Ukrainian and English phrases that reflect the mentality of the peoples of Ukraine and Great Britain. The relevance of the study is due to the anthropocentrism of phraseology, i.e. the focus of stable units on the human world. The purpose of the article is to study the semantic features of phrases that reflect the Ukrainian and English mentalities. The article interprets mentality as a stable set of preferences and a formed system of values of a people, which is closely related to the national character, reflecting the spiritual face of a certain ethnic group. According to this definition of the term “phraseology”, its main types include phraseological splices, phraseological unities, phraseological combinations, and phraseological expressions (idioms, proverbs, sayings, aphorisms). According to the results of the analysis, phrases reflect such features of the Ukrainian mentality as religiosity, love of freedom, and hard work. In turn, the English mentality is the result of traditions and behavioral habits of the people of Great Britain; it reflects its climate, nature and geography. The English mentality is characterized by stability, hard work; tolerance and non-interference in the affairs of others; conservatism; restraint and individualism. The authors note that some components in the phraseological units of the analyzed languages give the phraseological units opposite connotations, although sometimes there are coincidences. This mostly concerns phraseological units containing components denoting weather phenomena, such as wind, rain, hurricane. According to the authors, this is due to the different climatic conditions in the UK and Ukraine. The difference between the phraseological units referring to labor is also established: while Ukrainian phraseological units verbalize hard or useless work, English ones mostly condemn laziness.

The Features of Phrases in the Interlanguage of Chinese Students Studying Russian

The purpose of the study is to find out the features of phrases in the interlanguage of Chinese students studying Russian language. By analyzing a number of works related to the term "interlanguage", comparing the concept of interlanguage in the publications of various specialists, in the article the concept of the term "interlanguage" is clarified, which has been updated in recent years in Russian and foreign linguistics, and similarities and differences in their understandings are found. Highlighting the features of phrases in the interlanguage of Chinese student studying Russian language is an important and urgent task that contributes to the study of interlanguage as a whole. The subjects of the research are oral and written language materials collected by teachers with the help of classroom tests and homework among two groups of Chinese philology students studying Russian language at the Faculty of Philology in Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the authors for the first time systematically summarized and analyzed such features of phrases in the interlanguage of Chinese students studying Russian language as literal translation from native language to target language, the absence or excessive use of preposition, incorrect choice of preposition in phrases in the interlanguage of Chinese students studying Russian language, and the reasons for the existence of these features. The result of the study provides useful advices in the direction of improving the effectiveness of learning Russian language – in classes of second language acquisition, especially in classes of teaching Chinese students Russian language.

ԱՆԳԼԵՐԵՆԻ ԵՎ ՀԱՅԵՐԵՆԻ՝ ԴՐԱՄԱՆԻՇ ԲԱՂԱԴՐԻՉՈՎ ԴԱՐՁՎԱԾՔԱՅԻՆ ՄԻԱՎՈՐՆԵՐԻ ԶՈՒԳԱԴՐԱԿԱՆ ՎԵՐԼՈՒԾՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ / CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND ARMENIAN PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS COMPRISING A MONETARY UNIT

The present article is devoted to the comparision of English and Armenian monetary systems and to the reflection of monetary units in the phraseological units of the contrasted languages. An attempt was made to provide thorough information about the origin of money, the etymology of the currency names in the languages under study and to analyze phrases with the names of monetary units in English and Armenian. The aim of this article is to find the characterisitc features of English and Armenian phrases and their linguo-cultural differences. Such a contrastive-typological approach helps disclose the peculiarities of national mentality and psychology.

A commonality-based enhancement for sentence modeling with supervision

Sentence pair modeling is a fundamental yet challenging issue for feature mining in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Recently, most works have generated feature and sentence representation based on the interactive attention mechanism. However, these models have two limitations: (1) they only consider global information through attention coefficient weighting, which makes insufficient utilization of critical features; (2) they only conduct internal training by fine-tuning network parameters, in which attention results are poorly explained. In this paper, inspired by human reasoning, we propose a Commonality Aggregated approach (CA) to enhance the lightweight interaction model by considering phrase features and contextual words. Specifically, we first fuse positional encoding and employ supervised training to extract critical phrase information from the text as the commonality of sentence pairs. Then, we deploy transfer learning and utilize interaction network to combine crucial phrase features, core word features, and positional encoding to enhance sentence pair modeling. Compared with the original network, extensive experiments on multiple benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed commonality aggregated method with stronger competitiveness. Further visual analysisanalysies validated the more explicit interpretability of attention, and extended experimental results indicate the excellent generalization of our approach.

Keyphrase Extraction for Technical Language Processing.

Keyphrase extraction is an important facet of annotation tools that offer the provision of the metadata necessary for technical language processing (TLP). Because TLP imposes additional requirements on typical natural language processing (NLP) methods, we examined TLP keyphrase extraction through the lens of a hypothetical toolkit which consists of a combination of text features and classifers suitable for use in low-resource TLP applications. We compared two approaches for keyphrase extraction: The frst which applied our toolkit-based methods that used only distributional features of words and phrases, and the second was the Maui automatic topic indexer, a well-known academic method. Performance was measured against two collections of technical literature: 1153 articles from Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics (JCT) curated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) and 244 articles from Task 5 of the Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval). Both collections have author-provided keyphrases available; the SemEval articles also have reader-provided keyphrases. Our fndings indicate that our toolkit approach was competitive with Maui when author-provided keyphrases were frst removed from the text. For the TRC-JCT articles, the Maui automatic topic indexer reported an F-measure of 29.4 % while our toolkit approach obtained an F-measure of 28.2 %. For the SemEval articles, our toolkit approach using a Naïve Bayes classifer resulted in an F-measure of 20.8 %, which outperformed Maui's F-measure of 18.8 %.

A Sentiment Analysis Method for Teaching Evaluation Texts Using Attention Mechanism Combined with CNN-BLSTM Model

In view of the problems that most existing emotion analysis models ignore the relationship between emotions and are not suitable for students, an emotion analysis model of teaching evaluation text based on deep learning is proposed. Firstly, combining the advantages of CNN extracting phrase features and BLSTM extracting sequence features, the CNN-BLSTM model is constructed to effectively enhance the extraction ability of text information. Then, the attention mechanism is used to adaptively perceive the context information, extract the text features that affect students’ emotion, and construct the CNN-BLSTM-AT model. Finally, the CNN-BLSTM-AT model is used to analyze the students’ emotion types in the dataset, and the mini-batch gradient descent method is used for model training. The experiment uses the weibo_senti_100k dataset to demonstrate the performance of the proposed model. The results show that adding the attention mechanism can improve the accuracy of the model by about 0.23. Also, its recall rate is not less than 0.57 and the minimum value of F1 is 0.748, which is better than other comparison models, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed model.

The Concept of Individual Style and Uniqueness of Author’s Approach to the Narration of V. Moers

The article considers the problem of using the language in connection with a linguistic identity. The anthropocentric nature of many modern research works is aimed at studying an author’s individual style in fiction, where it is the author who decides on the features of phrases, syntactic construction of the utterance,
 successful language expression. The author seeks to produce the maximum pragmatic effect on the reader and, thus, accurately convey his thoughts to the reader. The article touches on the matter of «individual style», as well as the possibility of definition and interpretation of this term. In this regard, the uniqueness
 of the author’s method of linguistic expression, that is, his «individual style» carries individual substantial, stylistic, linguistic, and extralinguistic characteristics
 manifested in the works of this or that author. The article pays special attention to the problem of studying Walter Moers’ individual style. He is one of the most
 popular authors of modern German literature known for his satirical comics, as well as for the Zamonian cycle of fantasy novels. The article attempts to highlight
 and describe some of the techniques typical for the the author’s individual style. They are reflected not only in the linguistic identity, but also in the application of visual effects.

International Trade English Phrases and Grammar Translation

With the frequent occurrence of international trade communication, in order to improve the quality of communication, this paper proposes a study on the translation of international trade English phrases and grammar. First, with the help of a rectangular window function, the composition principle of international trade English phrases is determined. Then, the horizontal feature aggregation point method is introduced to build a mathematical model of the characteristic identification of the English phrases. Finally, the sparse matrix representation of the source phrase is constructed to complete the extraction and preprocessing of the English phrase features. The input English sentence is converted into the output sentence, the form and POS factors of the English semantic translation are extracted, and a lemma is introduced to obtain the surface form of international trade English language factors. According to the international trade grammar analysis method, this paper decomposes the translation model, decomposes English sentences into small phrases for translation, and completes the research on international trade English phrase and grammar translation. The experimental results show that this method has high accuracy in the feature extraction of international trade English phrases, and the error rate is low, which is feasible.

Pragmatic resolutions of temporal and aspectual mismatches

AbstractThis paper proposes a pragmatic solution to utterances where the various indicators of time and aspect (tenses, lexical-conceptual features of Aktionsart, adverb phrases and contextual cues) seem to have divergent temporal reference and aspectual properties. This type of cases is usually treated at the semantic level as ‘mismatches’ and resolved compositionally through logical operations of ‘aspectual coercion’. We suggest on the contrary that no such effect of ‘mismatch resolution’ or ‘coercion’ is at work: these utterances are worked out inferentially according to the various pieces of evidence they provide for their relevance, in line of Deirdre Wilson’s and Dan Sperber’s (1995) relevance theory. Such utterances give rise to cognitive effects that are hardly attainable by apparently more literal formulations, while being cost-effective. Our analysis follows the work ofEscandell-Vidal and Leonetti (2011)about the rigidity and thus prevalence of computational linguistic expressions, called ‘procedural expressions’ byBlakemore (1987)withinSperber and Wilson’s (1995[1986])framework, relevance theory.

BERT gated multi-window attention network for relation extraction

Entity relation extraction aims to identify the semantic relation between entity pairs in a sentence and is an important technical support for downstream tasks such as question answering systems and semantic searching. Existing relation extraction models mainly rely on neural networks to extract the semantic information of sentences, ignoring the critical role of important phrase information in relation extraction. For this problem, this paper proposes a relation extraction model based on BERT gated multi-window attention network (BERT-GMAN). The model first uses BERT to extract the semantic representation features of the sentence and its constraint information. Secondly, it constructs the key phrases extraction network to obtain multi-granularity phrase information and uses element-wise max pooling to select key phrases features. Thirdly, it adopts classification feature perception network to further filter and globally perceive key phrase feature to form the overall features of relation classification. Finally, it combines with Softmax classifier to perform relation extraction. The experimental results on the Semeval-2010 Task 8 dataset show that the performance of the model in this paper is further improved compared with the existing methods, and the F1-score reaches 90.25%.

LVTIA: A new method for keyphrase extraction from scientific video lectures

Due to the growth of technology, the expansion of communication infrastructure and crises of COVID-19 pandemic, e-learning and virtual education is expanding. One of the best ways to access and organize these information is indexing using automatic intelligent methods. Indexing requires assigning keywords or keyphrases to each video, to represent its content. The main focus of this research is to propose an approach by which appropriate keyphrases are assigned to scientific video lectures. For this purpose, a new algorithm called LVTIA, Lecture Video Text mining-base Indexing Algorithm, is proposed in which the textual content of video frames along with the text extracted from audio signal are merged together, and a new keyphrase extraction method is proposed. The proposed method considers new local and global features for each candidate phrases, along with a new feature reflecting the occurrence of each phrase in the audio signals or video frames. The method is implemented using five distinct data sets in English and Persian. The results are evaluated based on precision, recall, F1-measure and MAP@K metrics and compared with some of the well-known keyphrase extraction algorithms. Based on the results, the best MAP@K for English videos is related to LVTIA algorithm with the values of, 0.7912, 0.8069, 0.8069 for k=5,10,15, respectively. In addition, LVTIA is able to provide best MAP@K for Persian videos which are 0.6367, 0.6866, 0.6874 for k=5,10,15, respectively. According to Friedman nonparametric statistical test, the performance of different algorithms in precision, recall, F1-measure metrics, are statistically different from LVTIA as well.

The Analysis of Two Components English Statements with the Translated Morpheme КАРТ-

Abstract. Nowadays the technical students’ interest in linguistic studies during English language classes in general and concerning land management in particular is being actualized in the context of defining metacommunicative markers as utterance boundaries for the formation of a terminological compound nest.The purpose of this article is to describe the practical experience of analyzing the features of two-component phrases with translated morpheme “карт-“ (hereinafter – DSMK) being based on the analysis of foreign scientific sources on land management according to the defined algorithm. The results of the study are presented in seven conclusions. The first conclusion is the expediency of students' analysis of phrases on land management according to the defined algorithm: to review the sources for the presence of the most common morphemes with high derivation potential and to be convinced of the expediency of studying a certain selected morpheme, to write down existing Ukrainian phrases with the required morpheme, assigning a specific number, spread terminological foreign phrases by blocks by structural features, to analyze according to other related characteristics for further generalization-collection of information from each block (according to the reliability of translation, the presence of proper names and numerical values, in relation to the land management industry, by the correspondence of the number of components of the Ukrainian and English variants and by the frequency of use in the educational texts and own statements of future land managers). The second conclusion is the expediency of taking into consideration the phrases with the translated morpheme “карт-“, as 108 varieties of stable English clichés were found. The third conclusion is the assignment of two-component attributive-nominative English phrases without additional conjunctions or prepositions to those that have an extremely high derivational potential to attract the translated card morpheme - in 99 varieties with a parallel assignment of two-component clichés with an additional preposition of or in / on connectors to those that have low derivation potential in only 9 varieties. The fourth conclusion is the assertion that the majority of DSMK with a significant quantitative advantage deals with the narrow specialization in cartography in contrast to the indirect being used in general thematic texts. The fifth conclusion is that the DSMK is more prone to the expected translation (74:34 ratio), although more than a third of these clichés should be guided by official translation options. The sixth conclusion is to determine the very low relevance of DSMK to proper names and numerical values and to a slightly higher percentage of DSMK with different number of components in the Ukrainian and English versions of the translation. The seventh conclusion is the fixation of the presence of DSMK in the educational texts and own statements of future land managers in the ratio 27:81, which proves the sufficient frequency of use of the translated morpheme “ карт-“ in regular phrases in the professional speech of future land managers, but not decisive. The prospect of further research is to describe the experience of the analysis of multicomponent constant clichés with a translated morpheme “карт-“ according to the proposed abovenamed algorithm.

Effects of explicit instruction on noun phrase production in L2 undergraduate writing

While previous research on syntactic complexity development in academic writing recommends incorporating instruction on complex noun phrases into L2 writing curricula, little is known about the effects of such teaching. Therefore, this study examined writing by undergraduate students enrolled in L2 writing courses to determine whether explicit teaching of complex noun phrases could lead to more register-appropriate use of these features. Specifically, this research compared diagnostic and final in-class writing produced by 30 students who received explicit noun phrase instruction and also conducted a separate analysis of 30 papers by writers who did not experience such teaching. Since prompts were found to be a mediating factor in previous research, this variable was also considered in the analysis. The results demonstrate that while both groups displayed patterns of development, targeted instruction led to more frequent use of complex noun phrases in general and of noun phrase modifiers associated with advanced stages of syntactic complexity development. Additionally, while prompts had an effect on some noun phrase features, overall trends in development remained unchanged. These findings support claims from previous research that explicit teaching of complex noun phrases may benefit writers’ syntactic complexity development.

Multicomponent terminological phrases in the veterinary terminological system of the modern German language

This article is devoted to a detailed analysis of multicomponent terminological phrases in the veterinary terminological system of the modern German language. The object of the study is the German veterinary terminological system, the subject is multicomponent terminological phrases formed using the syntactic method of term formation. The paper analyzes two-, three- and more component terminological phrases in order to identify their structural, word-formation, semantic and functional features. The author examines terminological phrases in detail by the type of structural organization, by the type of internal syntactic connections, by the degree of fusion of components, by their activity within the phrases. The author reveals that substantive two-component terminological phrases with adjectives in the preposition have high productivity. Less common are uncomplicated two-component terminological phrases consisting of two nouns. The relevance of the undertaken research is due to the need to nominate new concepts, replenish and systematize the veterinary terminology of the modern German language as an integral part of the language of medicine, reflecting the professional activities of specialists in the field of veterinary medicine and related sciences aimed at preventing and treating animal diseases, protecting people from zooanthroponoses, the production of high-quality veterinary and sanitary food products, which together it has an important social significance related to the health of humanity as a whole. The analysis of linguistic features of terminological phrases in the German sublanguage of veterinary medicine undertaken by the author allowed us to conclude that the most productive model is two-component substantive terminological phrases with an adjective in the preposition as a definition. Multicomponent terminological phrases are an integral part of the term system under study and an effective means of nominating concepts in this field of science.