Photovoltaic Thermal System Research Articles

Novel modular PCM wall board for building heating energy efficiency: Material preparation, manufacture and dynamic thermal testing

With the comprehensive implementation of China’s “dual carbon” goals, the building heating sector, characterized by high energy consumption and emissions, urgently requires low-carbon transformation. However, energy-saving measures for plateau regions are scarce and face challenges due to harsh climates. This study proposes an innovative heating method utilizing composite phase change materials. A new modular phase change thermal storage electric heating terminal integrated with a photovoltaic thermal system has been designed to address issues of high building energy consumption and problems related to heating system freezing and leakage in the Tibetan Plateau (Qinghai-Xizang Plateau). Laboratory tests were conducted on six groups of samples with different structures and placements to examine their heat storage and release characteristics. Results indicate: The system’s temperature stabilization time totals 14.6 h; Horizontally placing the terminal reduces melting time by up to 2.7 h, enhancing heat storage performance; Structure three shortens solidification time by up to 2.2 h compared to structure one, improving heat release performance; Vertically placed terminals have better heat release performance than horizontally placed ones, resulting in more effective indoor heating. This study proposes a modular design for phase change heat storage electric heating walls, simplifying installation and maintenance while maintaining aesthetic appeal. Detailed temperature measurements of different wall surfaces revealed excellent cyclic heat storage and release performance. The developed phase change heat storage electric heating terminal is expected to significantly reduce heating energy consumption in the Tibetan Plateau (Qinghai-Xizang Plateau), enhancing building energy efficiency and providing valuable insights for further applications of phase change materials in building design.

Experimental investigation of tailoring functionalized carbon-based nano additives infused phase change material for enhanced thermal energy storage

The advancement of phase change materials (PCMs) as potential thermal energy storage (TES) materials for building envelopes holds promise for efficient energy utilization. However, the PCMs have a major drawback during energy storage, which is lower thermal conductivity, leading to inadequate heat transfer performance and energy storage density. The foremost objective is to formulate a nanocomposite by dispersing functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in salt hydrate PCM with the presence of surfactant. A two-step technique is employed to formulate the nanocomposites with different weight concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 %) of carbon-based nanoparticles and these nanocomposites are thoroughly characterized to explore the thermophysical properties. Resulting the nanocomposite demonstrates a significant improvement in thermal conductivity, increasing by 91.45 %, which can be attributed to the well-developed thermal networks with the PCM matrix. The nanocomposite samples exhibit extreme thermal stability up to 477 °C with a slight enhancement of 4.6 %. Optical investigations further confirmed that the transmissibility of PCM decreased to 8.3 % from 62.8 %, indicating an enhanced absorption capability due to the dark color nature of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the formulated nanocomposite demonstrated both chemical and thermal stability, with negligible changes in melting enthalpy even after 300 cycles of heating and cooling operations. Additionally, a numerical simulation analysis of 2D heat transfer was performed using Energy 2D software to demonstrate the efficacy of thermal conductivity in heat transfer. The thermally energized nanocomposite is suitable for medium-temperature TES applications such as photovoltaic thermal systems, building applications, textiles, electronic cooling, and desalination systems.

State-of-the-Art Review: Nanofluids for Photovoltaic Thermal Systems

State-of-the-Art Review: Nanofluids for Photovoltaic Thermal Systems

Investigation of the energy performance of thermal energy sharing for photovoltaic-thermal systems in a thermal prosumer network

This study analyzes the potential for energy saving through the integration of a photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) system with a heat pump (HP) in a community with a small-scale thermal network. An empirical study was conducted in a community to analyze and compare the performance of a HP and small-scale thermal network with hub thermal energy storage system that utilizes the surplus thermal energy produced by a PVT system installed in a residential house from other buildings with that of an existing electric hot water boiler. The energy saving analysis of the proposed system revealed that the energy consumption could be reduced by more than 70 % compared to the existing system. The HP exhibited a COP ranging between 4.2 and 4.7. Throughout the experiment, the integrated system collected an average of 23.77 kWh of heat energy daily from the PVT units. The annual domestic hot water load coverage from PVT through the thermal network was found to be 50.4 %. These results indicate that PVT systems combined with thermal networks and HPs can effectively reduce energy consumption in individual buildings and enhance energy efficiency within communities.

MXene: A Roadmap to Sustainable Energy Management, Synthesis Routes, Stabilization, and Economic Assessment.

MXenes with their wide range of tunability and good surface chemistry provide unique and distinctive characteristics offering potential employment in various aspects of energy management applications. These high-performance materials have attracted considerable attention in recent decades due to their outstanding characteristics. In the literature, most of the work is related to specific methods for the preparation of MXenes. In this Review, we present a detailed discussion on the synthesis of MXenes through different etching routes involving acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and lithium fluoride, and non-acidic alkaline solution, electrochemical, and molten salt methods. Furthermore, a concise overview of the different structural, optical, electronic, and magnetic properties of MXenes is provided corresponding to their role in supporting high thermal, chemical, mechanical, environmental, and electrochemical stability. Additionally, the role of MXenes in maintaining the thermal management performance of photovoltaic thermal systems (PV/T), wearable light heaters, solar water desalination, batteries, and supercapacitors is also briefly discussed. A techno-economic and life cycle analysis of MXenes is provided to analyze their sustainability, scalability, and commercialization to facilitate a comprehensive array of energy management systems. Lastly, the technology readiness level of MXenes is defined, and future recommendations for MXenes are provided for their further utilization in niche applications. The present work strives to link the chemistry of MXenes to process economics for energy management applications.

The reversed circular flow jet impingement (RCFJI) PV/T collector: Thermohydraulic and electrohydraulic analysis

AbstractSolar energy could be used to generate both electricity and heat with the aid of photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) systems. Although the systems have a variety of advantages, they nevertheless hold a significant constraint. The system suffers a susceptible constraint wherein the photovoltaic (PV) module experiences an increase in temperature due to exposure to solar irradiation. The integration of a cooling system is necessary to enhance its operational efficiency. A novel approach, known as the reversed circular flow jet impingement (RCFJI), was proposed as a means to improve the performance of a PV/T collector. The current work seeks to assess the thermohydraulic and electrohydraulic performance of the RCFJI PV/T collector. The experiment was conducted under an irradiance level of 500–900 W/m2. From the result obtained, the thermohydraulic efficiency reached its maximum value of 59.20% under 900 W/m2 at 0.14 kg/s. Conversely, the electrohydraulic efficiency attained the highest reading of 10.91% under 500 W/m2 at 0.13 kg/s. It was concluded that a higher flow rate reduces the friction coefficient while increasing the pressure drop. The thermohydraulic and electrohydraulic analyses emphasize the importance of assessing the friction coefficient and pressure drop to attain optimal performance. This study addresses the lack of research by presenting a new cooling approach that utilizes jet impingement. In addition, this study provides an understanding of the thermohydraulic and electrohydraulic performance of a RCFJI PV/T collector.

3D numerical model of a concentrated photovoltaic thermal (CPV/T) system for thermal and electrical performance optimization

Concentrated Photovoltaic Thermal systems, integrating both photovoltaic and thermal technologies, have gained significant attention as a sustainable and efficient means of harnessing solar energy. This research paper investigates the performance of CPV/T systems by analysing four different collectors under diverse operating conditions. The collectors under scrutiny include Rectangular Channels, Trapezoidal Channel, Hexagonal honeycomb, and Chevron Pattern absorbers, each subjected to distinct parameter variations to comprehensively evaluate their efficiency and potential for integration into renewable energy systems. The study systematically examines the collectors' performance under varying environmental conditions, including 6 kWh/m2 solar irradiance, 24 °C ambient temperature, and 3 m/s wind speed. The impact of changing parameters such as velocity and fluid flow rate ranges from 20 to 30 kg/h on the overall system efficiency is thoroughly analysed. Through numerical simulations and experimental validations, the paper aims to provide insights into the dynamic behaviour of each collector type and their suitability for different applications and geographical locations. The analytical result correlates with the numerical mathematical models to provide more convincing evidence that the acquired data is accurate. At a flow rate of 30 kg/h, the overall efficiency is determined to be 49.3 % for the rectangular channel absorber, outperforming hexagonal honeycomb (41.2 %), chevron pattern (41.1 %), and Trapezoidal channel (40.9 %) absorbers. The simplicity and cost-effectiveness of the fabrication process for rectangular channel absorbers, achievable through standard manufacturing techniques such as etching or pressing into materials like copper, aluminium, or stainless steel, emerge as primary advantages.

Thermal stability of magneto-hybridized silicon and aluminum oxides nanoparticle in C3H8O2-Williamson exothermic reactive fluid with thin radiation for perovskite solar power

The need to increase thermal power stability and energy conservation have spurred the interest in various renewable energies. A diverse range of fabrication techniques and architectures have been developed to meet the global energy demand. Perovskite solar power technologies are the next emerging generation of photovoltaic thermal power systems for an enhanced and stable power supply. Thus, this project examines the thin radiation thermal stability of combined magneto-hybrid silicon oxide (SiO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles in exothermic propylene glycol (C3H8O2)-Williamson fluid for perovskite thermal cells improvement. Without particles agglomeration, the fluid flow is influenced by lower wall velocity, Joule heating and Williamson shear stress in a bounded domain. An invariant coupled differential model is obtained through the similarity transformation of the governing model. The solutions to the invariant model is provided using semi-discretized finite difference method. The outcomes revealed that nanoparticles thermal propagation for perovskite power generation is strengthened with rising Brinkman number, radiation, and Frank-Kamenetskii terms. Also, criticality is raised at the unstable thermal region but damped at the stable thermal regime.

Random forest with feature selection and K-fold cross validation for predicting the electrical and thermal efficiencies of air based photovoltaic-thermal systems

The recent global energy transition policies emphasize the utilization of renewable sources as a primary energy solution. Solar energy systems, in particular, offer significant advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness. This work focuses on the modeling of a photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) air-based system using machine learning (ML) techniques. The primary contribution lies in estimating the electrical and thermal efficiencies of the PV/T system through the application of the random forest (RF) technique and K-fold cross-validation. The results obtained are notably impressive when compared to the most commonly used techniques reported in the literature: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and linear regression (LR). The assessment demonstrates that Random Forest outperforms these techniques in predicting both Electrical efficiency and Thermal efficiency with R² values of 99.9996 % and 81.2 % respectively, and MAE of 0.0034 and 2.64 respectively. Furthermore, selecting the most important features for electrical efficiency not only reduced the processing time but also improved the performance. The Random Forest model exhibited robust stability and demonstrated strong generalization capabilities, as evidenced by its consistent and promising electrical efficiency performance across a 10-fold cross-validation assessment. The proposed method could be a key solution to accurately model the electrical and thermal performances and serve as an alternative to traditional physical modeling approaches.

Eco‐friendly approach to thermal energy storage: Assessing the thermal and chemical properties of coconut biochar‐enhanced phase change material

AbstractPhase change materials (PCMs) can absorb, store, and release substantial latent heat within a specific temperature range during phase transition and have gained huge attention due to environmental concerns and energy crises. However, PCMs have a significant downside in energy storage due to their relatively lower thermal conductivity, leading to inadequate heat transfer (HT) performance. The foremost aim of the research is to synthesize an eco‐friendly coconut shell biochar (CSB) dispersed with organic A46 PCM in the temperature range of 44°C to 46°C to form a green nanocomposite. A two‐step approach is adopted to formulate the nanocomposites with different weight concentrations (0.2% and 0.8%) of green CSB particles. The developed nanocomposite's thermal conductivity and chemical stability were examined using a thermal properties analyzer and a Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer. The developed biochar composites have excellent thermal conductivity (0.39 W/m K) compared with base PCM (0.22 W/m K). Also, the developed nanocomposites were physically mixed together; there were no additional functional groups formed compared to pristine PCM, and the prepared materials were composite. Furthermore, a numerical analysis was performed using two‐dimensional energy modeling software to ascertain the HT rate of A46 composites. These thermally energized green nanocomposites show great promise for thermal energy storage and thermal management applications like battery thermal management, photovoltaic thermal systems, desalination systems, electronic cooling, building applications, and textiles.

Improving the photovoltaic thermal system efficiency with nature-inspired dolphin turbulators from energy and exergy viewpoints

The main purpose of this study is to enhance the efficiency of the photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system using nature-inspired dolphin turbulators designed based on thermal images of the dolphin dorsal fin. The turbulators are placed in the cooling channel of the PVT. The effects of the number and length scale of the turbulators are investigated on electrical, thermal, and overall efficiencies from energy and exergy perspectives, as well as the photovoltaic cell temperature at different times of the day. The dolphin turbulator enhances heat transfer to the coolant by preventing the boundary layer growth, accelerating the fluid flow, directing and impacting the coolant to the absorber plate, and improving the mixing of coolant. Consequently, turbulators reduce the photovoltaic cell temperature, increase the coolant temperature, and improve efficiencies. The enhanced PVT improves the electrical, thermal, and overall efficiencies by about 2.59 %, 16.9 %, and 14.78 % from the energy viewpoint and 2.59 %, 12.87 %, and 3.77 % from the exergy viewpoint compared to the conventional PVT. In addition, this study investigates how operational conditions, such as the coolant Reynolds number, the coolant inlet temperature, and ambient wind speed, affect the efficiencies from energy and exergy viewpoints.

Technical and economic assessment of hybrid PVT solar systems compared to independent solar thermal and photovoltaic collectors in high-temperature zones: A case study in Mexicali, Mexico

This study analyzes the technical and economic feasibility of hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) solar energy systems, comparing them with independent flat plate solar thermal collectors (FP) and photovoltaic (PV) modules. Using TRNSYS software, different configurations were simulated under the climatic conditions of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. The results indicate that, although independent FP and PV systems exhibit better energy performance in terms of energy production and solar fraction, PVT collectors offer higher specific global energy production (electrical + thermal). However, the economic feasibility of PVT systems is limited due to high investment and maintenance costs, coupled with the low cost of thermal and electrical energy in the study region. Independent FP and PV collectors also face similar economic challenges, with return on investment extending beyond the 20-year lifespan of the project. Additionally, the low thermal energy demand for domestic hot water in the studied region negatively impacts the efficient utilization of these systems. This analysis suggests that in contexts where available installation space is limited, PVT systems can be an efficient solution. However, in scenarios with sufficient space and high energy costs, energy generation with separate equipment remains more viable. Moreover, climatic conditions and DHW demand affect the efficiency of the systems. The discrepancy between solar energy generation and hourly DHW demand necessitates the implementation of TEST, which significantly increases costs and impacts the economic viability of the project.

Designing an absorber for solar photovoltaic thermal systems: a heat pipe approach and comparative evaluation

Abstract Renewable energy power generation is extensively promoting for the global objective of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Solar energy leads all renewables due to its ubiquitous nature which can be harvested by solar thermal and solar photovoltaic devices. Solar PV is used widely because of its flexibility in working with both direct and diffuse radiation. However, PV systems experience efficiency loss for every degree rise of solar cell temperature above room temperature. Solar photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors are proposed for co-generation of electrical and thermal energy by utilizing excess heat generated in the PV layer. The low heat transfer rate, energy-intensive nature, and freezing of working fluid in colder regions are some problems that persist in water- and air-based PV/Ts, leading us to consider alternatives. Thus, the present study addresses the current opportunities by utilizing heat pipes as PV/T absorbers. Heat pipe PVT is a passive system which operates in phase transition facilitating a tremendous amount of heat transfer enhancement. To enhance the efficiency of PV/T systems, the integration of advanced technologies, like heat pipe thermal absorbers, becomes imperative. Incorporating cutting-edge solutions, such as heat pipe thermal absorbers, is essential to optimize the performance of PV/T systems. Hence, the current study provides insight into heat pipe design through a case study on the application of heat pipes as thermal absorbers for photovoltaic systems. The existing absorbers with fluid flow configurations like Raster, Spiral or Rectangular spiral, etc. used in PV/T are considered as reference. Copper as tube material and water as working fluid are found to be compatible with each other for the proposed heat pipe. The maximum heat input of 0.55kW is computed by the inadequacy of the mentioned existing PVTs to extract the maximum available heat from the PV surface. Additionally, an analytical approach used to define the optimum size of the system and calculation of minimum requirement of tubes. The optimized design of copper heat pipes was found to be ½ inch in diameter and at least ten heat pipes were required to transfer a computed heat flux of 466kW/m 2 per pipe to outperform the existing PV/Ts.

Two novel dual-tube photovoltaic-thermal collector designs with improved performance for liquid-cooled photovoltaic-thermal systems

Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors developed over the years have achieved reduced photovoltaic (PV) panel temperature and improved electrical efficiency mostly based on single-tube spiral and serpentine configurations of the cooling pipes. However, the design and analysis of PVT collector configurations incorporating multiple serpentine tubes, capable of simultaneously reducing both the average PV panel temperature and temperature non-uniformity within the panel, are rare. The present work introduces two novel designs PVT collector systems by incorporating dual-tube arrangements, namely, the Dual-Tube Uni-Directional (DTUD) and the Dual-Tube Opposite-Directional (DTOD) systems. The new collectors' performance is numerically analysed through three-dimensional (3D) simulations. The highest net powers are obtained with 32 cooling loops in both the DTUD and DTOD designs for the given flow rate and panel area. The DTUD-based PVT system yields up to 10.39 % and 10.36 % gains in electrical efficiency and net power, respectively. On the contrary, the DTOD system also results in gains of these parameters, albeit marginally less than the DTUD arrangement. However, the DTOD arrangement results in reduced maximum PV panel temperature, which can positively impact the panel's life span.

Numerical Study of Wall-Type Air-Based Building Integrated Photovoltaic-Thermal System on Thermal and Electrical Efficiency

Numerical Study of Wall-Type Air-Based Building Integrated Photovoltaic-Thermal System on Thermal and Electrical Efficiency

Assessment on thermophysical properties of nano enhanced heat transfer fluid with hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles for thermal management of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system

One of the most promising sources of energy to meet demand and reduce pollution from fossil fuels is solar energy. To maximize energy conversion, solar technology efficiency, whether it comes from thermal systems, photovoltaic panels, or a hybrid known as photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) systems is critical. This work looks into the formulation and thermophysical of hBN-water nanofluids, with an emphasis on how they might be used as coolants in PVT systems to improve electrical performance. After a meticulous preparation process, the nanofluids exhibited exceptional stability, confirmed through visual inspection and zeta potential evaluation. Zeta potential analysis revealed consistent values across different temperatures and volume concentrations. Density decreased with temperature, while viscosity increased with volume concentration but decreased with temperature. Thermal conductivity showed a consistent increase with volume concentration and temperature. Through optimization, the 0.5 vol% concentration was identified as optimal for the PVT system. Compared to no coolant and water-based coolant scenarios, hBN-water nanofluids effectively regulated cell temperatures between 40.25°C and 46.34°C, demonstrating superior thermal conductivity and heat transfer properties. Moreover, the nanofluid coolant enhanced the PVT system's electrical performance. Open circuit voltage remained consistent (19.67 V to 20.81 V), short circuit current and output power improved with higher irradiance levels, and electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency and overall efficiency reached 5.73–5.88 %, 54.15–62.73 % and 59.88–68.62 % respectively These findings underscore the potential of hBN-water nanofluids in enhancing thermal management and electrical performance in solar energy systems. By minimizing thermal losses and maximizing electrical output, nanofluid coolants offer promising avenues for optimizing the efficiency of renewable energy technologies.

Double-layer optimal scheduling method for solar photovoltaic thermal system based on event-triggered MPC considering battery performance degradation

Solar photovoltaic thermal system (SPTS) can fully tap solar energy resources to realize thermal and electric supply for users simultaneously, but the volatility and uncertainty of renewable energy and load cause the imbalance of energy supply. This paper proposes a multi-time scale optimal scheduling method for SPTS based on event-triggered model predictive control (ET-MPC) considering battery performance deterioration. Firstly, SPTS is divided into day-ahead and day-in optimization layers from different time scales. Day-ahead scheduling takes the minimization economic cost as the optimization function to obtain pre-scheduling plan, and day-in scheduling adapts rolling optimization scheme based on model predictive control (MPC) to reduce power fluctuations and achieve optimal scheduling adjustment. Moreover, the battery performance decay parameter is introduced into the MPC model and embedded into the optimization problem to prolong the cyclic life deterioration, and an event-triggered mechanism is introduced into MPC to improve the computational efficiency and reduce the communication frequency. Finally, the results show that the proposed double-layer scheduling method improves 4.15 %, 66 % and 13.39 % respectively regarding cost, power fluctuation and battery maintenance, and improve the calculation efficiency of 48.89 % compared with standard MPC method, which indicates that the proposed method has good economy, stability and execution efficiency.

Critical analysis of enhanced photovoltaic thermal systems: a comparative experimental study of PCM, TEG, and nanofluid applications

Phase change materials (PCM), thermoelectric generators (TEG), and nanofluids are popular methods investigated for improving conventional photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems. These methods are particularly used in warm climates where high temperatures negatively impact photovoltaic (PV) power output and energy efficiency. This experimental study evaluated the effects of 32 °C melting point PCM and TEG integration on PVT units, as well as 42 °C melting point PCM and nanofluid incorporation on concentrated PVT (CPVT) units. Technical, exergetic, and economic performance were compared using a small-scale PVT module. Low-cost commercially available materials were used to construct all PVT units. Industrial metal waste was introduced to enhance the thermal conductivity of paraffin wax and salt hydrate PCMs. The results indicated that applying PCMs, porous media, and concentrator plates increased energy generation, potentially offsetting their higher initial cost and achieving an energy cost of approximately $0.135/kWh. However, TEG and nanofluid implementation remained uneconomical, leading to a 15–35 % increase in energy cost. The water-based CPVT unit, enhanced with paraffin wax and copper fins, demonstrated the best technical performance. This unit achieved electrical, thermal, and exergy efficiencies of approximately 15.5 %, 37.4 %, and 16.7 %, respectively, with more than a 20 % reduction in cell temperature. The study also revealed that severe structural changes caused by corrosion of metallic materials in hydrated PCMs could alter the melting point by more than 30 %. This change negatively impacts heat storage capacity. Conversely, incorporating metal chips in non-hydrated PCMs improved the time to reach the melting point state by 30–60 minutes.

Photovoltaic Thermal PV/T Solar Panels and Practical Applications

The research and development of renewable energy resources for energy production are of utmost importance due to factors such as the restricted utilization of fossil fuels and the escalating presence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere resulting from their usage. The conversion of solar energy into electrical energy is made possible through the utilization of photovoltaic (PV) technology. Nevertheless, due to the PV cells' efficiency ranging between 15% and 20%, the excess energy is dissipated into the atmosphere as heat. Photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) systems increase efficiency both by converting solar energy into electrical energy and by converting the generated heat into useful energy. PV/T systems are a technology that increases efficiency by using solar energy to produce both electricity and hot water. PV/T systems have many types and have commercial and domestic applications. PV/T systems harness solar energy to generate electrical energy while simultaneously utilizing the generated heat to produce useful energy. This innovative approach enables the cooling of the PV cell surface, resulting in improved efficiency. Also, thanks to the use of these systems, it is possible to recover the energy lost in conventional photovoltaic systems The primary objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress made in the research and development of PV/T solar collectors, encompassing an in-depth investigation of their various practical applications.

Binary nano-enhanced phase change materials (BNePCMs) integrated serpentine flow based photovoltaic thermal system: A new approach towards performance enhancement

Photovoltaic thermal systems (PVT) are widely acknowledged as solar technology that effectively produces both electrical and thermal energy. Nevertheless, the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems is significantly affected by elevated temperatures of solar cells. Phase change materials (PCMs) are a class of substances that possess the ability to store and release latent heat. However, PCMs have inadequate thermo-physical characteristics, which may be altered via the incorporation of different nanoparticles. Herein, binary nanoparticles (Titanium oxide and Graphene) enhanced PCM (Paraffin Wax) is integrated with the PVT system to improve its thermal and electrical performance. The present study utilized a unique two side serpentine flow absorber to effectively extract heat energy. The effectiveness of the created PVT system was evaluated using three mass flow rates (0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 LPM). Further, as prepared BNePCM having thermal conductivity and latent heat of 179 % and 10 % higher than that of base PCM, respectively was integrated with PVT system. The energy analysis was used to assess the heat transfer and electrical power output. As per results, at optimum flow rate of 0.3 LPM; the overall energy efficiencies found were 80.49 %, 82.45 %, and 83.65 %, respectively for the PVT, PVT-PCM, and PVT-NePCM systems. Furthermore, the PVT-NePCM system exhibited an electrical output of 46.88 W, which is a significant rise of 10.6 W compared to PV system. Therefore, study will be useful for the applications in preheated water for low and medium temperature range, and cooling applications of electronic devices.