Photosensitive Polymer Research Articles

H2S-Eluting Hydrogels Promote In Vitro Angiogenesis and Augment In Vivo Ischemic Wound Revascularization.

Ischemic wounds are frequently encountered in clinical practice and may be related to ischemia secondary to diabetes, peripheral artery disease and other chronic conditions. Angiogenesis is critical to the resolution of ischemia. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now recognized as an important factor in this process. H2S donors NaHS and GYY4137 were incorporated into the photosensitive polymer hydrogel gelatin methacrylate and evaluated. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) culture was used to quantify toxicity and angiogenesis. Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to ischemic myocutaneous flap wound creation with and without application of H2S-eluting hydrogels. Tissue perfusion during wound healing was quantified using laser speckle contrast imaging, and gene and protein expression for VEGF were evaluated. Vascular density was assessed by CD31 immunohistochemistry. Successful incorporation of sulfide compounds was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and under physiologic conditions, detectable H2S was present for up to 14 days by high-performance liquid chromatography. HUVECs exposed to hydrogels did not demonstrate excess cytotoxicity or apoptosis. A two-fold increase in angiogenic tube formation was observed in HUVECs exposed to H2S-eluting hydrogels. Rat ischemic flap wounds demonstrated greater perfusion at 14 days, and there was greater vascularity of healed wounds compared to untreated animals. A nearly two-fold increase in VEGF mRNA and a four-fold increase in VEGF protein expression were present in wounds from treated animals. Local-regional administration of H2S represents a novel potential therapeutic strategy to promote angiogenesis and improve wound healing after tissue injury or as a result of ischemic disease.

Modulating Visible-Light Driven NIR Lanthanide Polymer Photocatalysis for Amplification Detection of Exosomal Proteins and Cancer Diagnosis.

Near-infrared (NIR) luminescent lanthanide materials hold great promise for bioanalysis, as they have anti-interference properties. The approach of efficient luminescence is sensitization through a reasonable chromophore to overcome the obstacle of the aqueous phase. The involvement of the surfactant motif is an innovative strategy to arrange the amphiphilic groups to be regularly distributed near the polymer to form a closed sensitized space. Herein, a lanthanide polymer (TCPP-PEI70K-FITC@Yb/SDBS) is designed in which the meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP) ligand serves as both a sensitizer and photocatalytic switch. The surfactant sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) wraps the photosensitive polymers to form a hydrophobic layer, which augments the light-harvesting ability and expedites its photocatalysis. TCPP-PEI70K-FITC@Yb/SDBS is subsequently applied as an amplified photocatalysis toolbox for universally regulating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Boosting 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation to produce blue products, a dual-mode biosensor is fabricated for improving the diagnosis of programmed death ligand-1-positive (PDL1) cancer exosomes. Exosomes were captured by Fe3O4 modified by the PDL1 aptamer, enabling replacement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-labeled multiple hybridized chains; then, the isolated ALP triggered a hydrolysis reaction to block the generation of oxTMB. Detection sensitivity improves by 1 order of magnitude through SDBS modulation, down to 104 particles/mL. The sensor performed well clinically in distinguishing cancer patients from healthy individuals, expanding physiological applications of near-infrared lanthanide luminescence.

New types of reflective periodical structures in the material with bulk photoalignment of LC polymer using UV polarization holography

Two types of new periodical polarization structures generated by UV polarization holography in thin solid films of LC photosensitive polymer (LCP) due to bulk photo-alignment were experimentally demonstrated. The first type of the structures is similar to cholesteric ones. However, these structures fabricated just by means of optical exposure without chiral dopants. Such technique overcomes some restrictions of alternative known methods of chiral structures fabrications using chiral dopant (e.g., arbitrary orientation of the LC planes). The second type is a new one, which can be realized only using the developed material approach with bulk photo-alignment. This structure is similar to known transmission circular polarization gratings, but the axis is rotated by 90°. The fringes (the planes of equal orientation of LC) in such structures are almost parallel to the layer, and the LC orientation is changing periodically across the layer from in-plane to the perpendicular position. Both new regular periodical structures can be used as volume reflective polarization gratings with several unique properties suitable for the numerous optical applications, including display ones. Specific suggestions for improving the quality of new holographic LC-structures are offered.

Computational Design of Photosensitive Polymer Templates To Drive Molecular Nanofabrication.

Molecular electronics promises the ultimate level of miniaturization of computers and other machines as organic molecules are the smallest known physical objects with nontrivial structure and function. But despite the plethora of molecular switches, memories, and motors developed during the almost 50-years long history of molecular electronics, mass production of molecular computers is still an elusive goal. This is mostly due to the lack of scalable nanofabrication methods capable of rapidly producing complex structures (similar to silicon chips or living cells) with atomic precision and a small number of defects. Living nature solves this problem by using linear polymer templates encoding large volumes of structural information into sequence of hydrogen bonded end groups which can be efficiently replicated and which can drive assembly of other molecular components into complex supramolecular structures. In this paper, we propose a nanofabrication method based on a class of photosensitive polymers inspired by these natural principles, which can operate in concert with UV photolithography used for fabrication of current microelectronic processors. We believe that such a method will enable a smooth transition from silicon toward molecular nanoelectronics and photonics. To demonstrate its feasibility, we performed a computational screening of candidate molecules that can selectively bind and therefore allow the deterministic assembly of molecular components. In the process, we unearthed trends and design principles applicable beyond the immediate scope of our proposed nanofabrication method, e.g., to biologically relevant DNA analogues and molecular recognition within hydrogen-bonded systems.

Portable multifunctional sensing platform for ratiometric H2O2 detection and photodynamic anti-bacteria using an AIE-featured electrospinning film

The development of portable flexible sensors for sensitive gas detection with antibacterial activity is of great significance for protecting human health and environment safety. In this paper, we designed a ratiometric sensing platform (PLA@RPEG@TBSN) for reliable and visual monitoring of gaseous H2O2 by electrospinning technology, which reveals self-antibacterial function and highly photostability simultaneously. By employing the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active nanoparticles (TBSN) as fluorescent responder and Rose Bengal modified photosensitive polymer (RPEG) as reference unit, accurate ratiometric sensing process of PLA@RPEG@TBSN film was realized based on the specific peroxide-mediated reaction between TBSN and H2O2. The flexible film system demonstrated superiorsensingperformance toward H2O2 vapor, including excellent selectivity, visualized color change and low detection limit (7 ppb). Additionally, benefitting from the photodynamic activity of RPEG, the PLA@RPEG@TBSN film exhibited highly effective antibacterial performance (killing 84 % of bacteria). Moreover, the multifunctional wearable potential is supported by employing film sensor onto the protective mask, which reveals dual capabilities of ratio sensing and resistance bacteria aerosols, encouraging the application of the sensor in complex practical scenario.

In Situ Growth of Wafer-Scale Patterned Graphene and Fabrication of Optoelectronic Artificial Synaptic Device Array Based on Graphene/n-AlGaN Heterojunction for Visual Learning.

The unique optical and electrical properties of graphene-based heterojunctions make them significant for artificial synaptic devices, promoting the advancement of biomimetic vision systems. However, mass production and integration of device arrays are necessary for visual imaging, which is still challenging due to the difficulty in direct growth of wafer-scale graphene patterns. Here, a novel strategy is proposed using photosensitive polymer as a solid carbon source for in situ growth of patterned graphene on diverse substrates. The growth mechanism during high-temperature annealing is elucidated, leading to wafer-scale graphene patterns with exceptional uniformity, ideal crystalline quality, and precise control over layer number by eliminating the release of volatile from oxygen-containing resin. The growth strategy enables the fabrication of two-inch optoelectronic artificial synaptic device array based on graphene/n-AlGaN heterojunction, which emulates key functionalities of biological synapses, including short-term plasticity, long-term plasticity, and spike-rate-dependent plasticity. Moreover, the mimicry of visual learning in the human brain is attributed to the regulation of excitatory and inhibitory post-synapse currents, following a learning rule that prioritizes initial recognition before memory formation. The duration of long-term memory reaches 10min. The in situ growth strategy for patterned graphene represents the novelty for fabricating fundamental hardware of an artificial neuromorphic system.

Localization of Cancer Cells for Subsequent Robust Photodynamic Therapy by ROS Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles With Anti-Metastasis Complexes NAMI-A.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as a new type of light-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) cancer therapy, has the advantages of high therapeutic efficiency, non-resistance, and less trauma than traditional cancer therapy such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, oxygen-dependent PDT further exacerbates tumor metastasis. To this end, a strategy that circumvents tumor metastasis to improve the therapeutic efficacy of PDT is proposed. Herein, a near-infrared light-activated photosensitive polymer is synthesized and branched the anti-metastatic ruthenium complex NAMI-A on the side, which is further assembled to form nanoparticles (NP2) for breast cancer therapy. NP2 can kill tumor cells by generating ROS under 808nm radiation (NP2 + L), reduce the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2/9) in cancer cells, decrease the invasive and migration capacity of cancer cells, and eliminate cancer cells. Further animal experiments show that NP2 + L can inhibit tumor growth and reduce liver and lung metastases. In addition, NP2 + L can activate the immune system in mice to avoid tumor recurrence. In conclusion, a PDT capable of both preventing tumor metastasis and precisely hitting the primary tumor to achieve effective treatment of highly metastatic cancers is developed.

Tribological behavior of 3D printed nanofluid reinforced photosensitive self-lubricating polymer materials

Oil-loaded polymer composites have become a research focus in tribology due to the good environmental stability and excellent performance. Usually, it is necessary to endow the polymer with a porous structure to facilitate lubricating oil storage. However, most methods require complex operating steps, making it difficult to control the complex shape of materials, and excessive pores often lead to an imbalance between the oil storage and retention rates. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the material can also be negatively affected. Developing a simple synthesis method to obtain oil-loaded polymer composite materials with good self-lubricating and mechanical properties still faces challenges. Herein, a one-pot synthesis method for oil-loaded self-lubricating polymers was proposed, which embeds the porous silica nanoparticles loaded with lubricating oil into the polymer and uses vat photopolymerization-based technologies to construct the polymer with various complex and delicate structures. After a series of treatments, such as photocuring and cleaning, an oil-loaded polymer-based composite material with good self-lubricating performance was prepared. Benefiting from the rich mesoporous pore structure of mesoporous silica, high specific surface area of 467 m2g−1, and pore volume of 1.06 cm3g−1, the oil content and retention rate of the composite materials are at a high level. In addition, by combining oil-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles with 3D printing, controllable preparation of complex shapes of self-lubricating composite materials has been achieved. During the friction performance testing process, the oil-loaded particles in the polymer composite can continuously provide lubricating oil on the friction surface, thus making the friction coefficient and wear rate reduced by 85.7% and 97.7%.

A Spiropyran-Doped Poly(methyl methacrylate) Matrix for Sensor Applications

In this paper, the relaxation isomerization properties of a spiropyran-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) UV light-responsive dynamic material are presented. The polar liquid (acetonitrile) and solid (PMMA matrix) medium may contain two merocyanine isoforms of the selected spiropyran. A complex equilibrium of the colored and colorless spiropyran isoforms resulted in specific transformations of the absorption spectra during the relaxation process. Bands at 522 nm and 580 nm characterized the absorption of the fabricated dynamic material in the ground (non-activated) state in the visible range. The presence of colored and colorless isoforms of spiropyran incorporated into the PMMA matrix using Raman spectroscopy was revealed. The photosensitive polymer samples were irradiated with a UV LED (365 nm and 390 nm) under various temperatures (0–30 °C). Spectral changes within the relaxation process demonstrated their complex dynamics. Surprisingly, the photodegradation of the dynamic material was estimated at about 25% (using 390 nm) and 7% (using 365 nm) after eight photoswitch cycles for one isoform, and no fatigue after an additional one (using 390 nm) was discovered. The presented light-responsive material is of interest for UV sensors and new hybrid material design.

Advanced thin films of indium-tin oxide doping with photosensitive polymer via embossing process

We propose a sol-gel thin film formation process involving nanoimprint lithography. First, indium tin oxide was dissolved in 2-methoxyethanol at a ratio of 5:5 and the mixture were mixed with 10 wt% of a UV-curable. Subsequently, a polydimethylsiloxane sheet prepared by covering a silicon wafer with a polydimethylsiloxane mold was attached to a InSnO thin film to duplicate the nanostructure through UV irradiation exposure. The replicated nanostructured thin films formed about morphological and chemical composition changes on the surface, we progressed to x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy analysis. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy image analysis showed superior patterned grooves for a UV exposure time of 3 min. A suitability test involving the measurement of the transmittance was performed for examining the suitability of the thin film for use in display devices.

Review of recent advances in photosensitive polymer materials and requirements for transmission diffractive optical elements for LED light sources

Scattered light from outdoor LED sources is a major contributor to blue-spectrum light pollution which negatively impacts ecology and public health. Volume holographic diffractive optical elements (DOEs), made with low-cost photosensitive polymers, are proposed as a technological solution that can minimise this scattering. This review examines requirements needed for efficient operation of transmission-format DOEs with LEDs and implications for material choices. For such DOEs to have a single diffraction order and high efficiency there is a corresponding range of acceptable Δn. A survey of materials also found that many current materials satisfy the Δn requirements for single-element DOEs. It is proposed that future efforts focus on robustness, environmental sustainability, scalability, multiplexing, optical quality, and reduced cost.

Influence of nanoparticle size on the mechanical and tribological characteristics of TiO2 reinforced epoxy composites

Photosensitive resins (PSR) were exposed to challenging operational conditions in different technological domains. It is desirable to enhance the mechanical durability of PSR for its usage in real-world applications. We use TiO2 to improve the mechanical strength and durability of PSR and comprehend nanoparticles' impact on PSR's durability. Herein, we compare the mechanical properties of photosensitive resins (PSR) and TiO2-based polymer nanocomposites (T@PNCs) with varying nanoparticle sizes [1 μm and 20 nm]. Firstly, the ultrasonic dual mixing (UDM) technique is employed, which involves the simultaneous use of ultrasonic mixing and stirring to produce nanocomposites of T@PNCs slurry. Before printing, the initial designs were created using solidworks software, and 3D-Printing was performed using a 3D Moon Ray Printer. Rod and flat specimens were printed, and their structural and mechanical strength were analyzed. The experimental results suggest that larger nanoparticles, measuring 1 μm, decrease the mechanical durability of T@PNCs. However, reducing the size of nanoparticles in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) to 20 nm increases mechanical resilience, leading to improved flexural and tensile strength. Our experimental results demonstrate that the nanoparticles' size strongly influences PSR's mechanical properties.

Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Biocompatible Photosensitive Polymers for Tissue Engineering Application.

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, or additive manufacturing, is a rapid fabrication technique with the foremost objective of creating biomimetic tissue and organ replacements in hopes of restoring normal tissue function and structure. Generating the engineered organs with an infrastructure that is similar to that of the real organs can be beneficial to simulate the functional organs that work inside our bodies. Photopolymerization-based 3D bioprinting, or photocuring, has emerged as a promising method in engineering biomimetic tissues due to its simplicity, and noninvasive and spatially controllable approach. In this review, we investigated types of 3D printers, mainstream materials, photoinitiators, phototoxicity, and selected tissue engineering applications of 3D photopolymerization bioprinting.

Injectable In Situ Photocrosslinked Hydrogel Dressing for Infected Wound Healing

A traditional injectable photocrosslinked hydrogel had disadvantages of the residual photoinitiator and toxic crosslinker, slow in situ curing, and a complex preparation process. At the same time, hydrogels cannot act as artificial skin to restore skin sensory function during the wound healing cycle. In this work, an injectable photocrosslinked hydrogel was prepared which can be quickly in situ cured without photoinitiator. Oxidized sodium alginate was used as a natural macromolecular crosslinking agent to form an injectable hydrogel framework with the photosensitive polymer polyvinyl alcohol bearing styrylpyridinium group (PVA-SBQ). In addition, the hydrogel was endowed with photothermal therapy property after the introduction of biomass-like polydopamine particles. When used as a wound dressing, the hydrogel exhibited an excellent antibacterial property, with an antibacterial rate of 99.56% Escherichia coli and 97.96% Staphylococcus aureus. As a result, the hydrogel could significantly accelerate the repair of infected wounds, with a wound healing rate of 96.45% after 14 days. Moreover, the hydrogel exhibited a sensitive and stable sensing property, making it promising to reconstitute the sensory function of damaged skin during treatment. This work provides an idea for the development of injectable photocrosslinked hydrogel dressing.

Photonic Crystals Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization with Mechanical Defects

One-dimensional photonic crystals have been used in sensing applications for decades, due to their ability to induce highly reflective photonic bandgaps. In this study, one-dimensional photonic crystals with alternating low- and high-density layers were fabricated from a single photosensitive polymer (IP-Dip) by two-photon polymerization. The photonic crystals were modified to include a central defect layer with different elastic properties compared to the surrounding layers, for the first time. It was observed that the defect mode resonance can be controlled by compressive force. Very good agreement was found between the experimentally measured spectra and the model data. The mechanical properties of the flexure design used in the defect layer were calculated. The calculated spring constant is of similar magnitude to those reported for microsprings fabricated on this scale using two-photon polymerization. The results of this study demonstrate the successful control of a defect resonance in one-dimensional photonic crystals fabricated by two-photon polymerization by mechanical stimuli, for the first time. Such a structure could have applications in fields, such as micro-robotics, and in micro-opto–electro–mechanical systems (MOEMSs), where optical sensing of mechanical fluctuations is desired.

Polymer composition with phenanthrenequinone for recording relief holographic gratings

The formation of periodic reliefs of the thickness of photosensitive polymer layers after recording holographic gratings in them and stimulating material deformations by reversible plasticization in a non-solvent liquid is considered. The phenomenon was studied for the composition of a copolymer with side anthracene groups — phenanthrenquinone. Phenantrenquinone transfers the energy of electronic excitation to oxygen molecules entering through the open surface of the polymer layer which then cause the oxidation of anthracene fragments. Holographic gratings with a period of 2–5 μm were recorded by laser radiation at a wavelength of 532 nm in layers about 1 μm thick. The photoreliefs were formed during the subsequent swelling of the layer in the medium of a hydrocarbon developer. The photosensitized oxidation of the anthracene groups of the new polymer under the action of optical radiation in the spectral range 408–532 nm was studied using the electron absorption spectra. It is shown that approaching the excitation wavelength to the long-wavelength absorption maximum of phenanthrenquinone (410 nm) makes it possible to increase the sensitivity of the material layer by a factor of 15 compared to layers with methylene blue as a photosensitizer. It has been experimentally established that the amplitude of weak periodic reliefs of a deformation nature (height less than 0.01 μm), which appear immediately after the recording of holographic gratings, increases many times during the treatment of the layer with liquid hydrocarbon. Their maximum value reaches 25 % of the thickness of the recording layer. Presumably, the deformation of the inhomogeneously irradiated layer is stimulated by the transfer of the polymer material into a highly elastic state during its swelling. Photoreliefs are stable after drying. Their strength can be increased by photocrosslinking the material as a result of photodimerization of residual anthracene groups under uniform irradiation with light at a wavelength of 365 nm. The non-sinusoidality of the photorelief reduces the diffraction efficiency achievable with total reflection to values less than 0.20. The studied polymer composition can be used to form relief-phase diffractive optical elements by radiation in the blue-green region of the spectrum, provided by a number of high-power laser sources.

Optimization of dimensional accuracy and surface roughness in m-SLA using response surface methodology

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of printed masked stereolithography (m-SLA) parts. The fabricated specimens of photosensitive polymer resin have complex shapes and various features. The influence of four process parameters of m-SLA, including layer height, exposure time, light-off delay and print orientation, is studied on response characteristics.Design/methodology/approachThe Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology is used to examine the effect of process parameters on the shrinkage of various geometrical dimensions like diameter, length, width, and height of different features in a complex shape. Additionally, a multi-response optimization has been carried out using the desirability function to minimize the surface roughness and printing time and maximize the dimensional accuracy.FindingsThe layer height and print orientation influence the surface roughness of parts. An increase in layer height results in increased surface roughness, and the orientation parallel to the z-axis of the machine gives the highest surface roughness. The dimensional accuracy of m-SLA parts is influenced by layer height, exposure time, and print orientation. Although not significant in dimensional accuracy and surface roughness, the light-off delay can affect printing time apart from other parameters like layer height and print orientation.Originality/valueThe effect of layer height and print orientation on dimensional accuracy, printing time, and surface roughness is investigated by researchers using simple shapes in other vat photopolymerization techniques. The present work is focused on studying the effect of these parameters and additional parameters like light-off delay in complicated geometrical parts in m-SLA.

Pressure-Gradient Counterwork of Dual-Fuel Driven Nanocarriers in Abnormal Interstitial Fluids for Enhancing Drug Delivery Efficiency.

The abnormal pressure in tumor tissue is a significant limitation on the drug delivery efficiency of tumor therapy. This work reports a gradient-driven nanomotor as drug nanocarrier with the pressure-counterworking function. The dual-fuel nanomotors are formed by co-electrospinning of the photosensitive polymers with calcium peroxide (CaO2 ) and catalase (CAT), followed by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and bovine serum albumin (BSA) incubation. The UV-responsive cleavage nanomotors can effectively release O2 molecules at the fractures as a driving force to increase the delivery speed and escape the phagocytosis of macrophage system in normal tissues. Furthermore, CAT catalyzes H2 O2 produced by CaO2 and the tumor interstitial fluids to provide stronger power for the nanomotors. Additionally, according to the analysis of directional motions of the nanomotors, the functional relationship between the rotational diffusion coefficient (DR ) and the physiological viscosity is constructed. The dual-fuel nanocarriers enable up to 13.25% of the injected dose (ID)/per gram tissue and significantly improve the penetration in deep tumor. It is of vital importance to design and obtain the adaptive pressure-gradient counterworking nanomotors, which can effectively improve the drug delivery efficiency in vitro and in vivo.

Photosensitive Spherical Polymer Brushes: Light-Triggered Process of Particle Repulsion

We report on a light-triggered process at which repulsive interactions between microparticles with a polyelectrolyte (PE) brush coating can be remotely controlled. The spherical polyelectrolyte brushes are loaded with photosensitive azobenzene containing surfactant which can undergo reversible photo-isomerization from trans to cis state. The surfactant hydrophilicity is altered by illumination with light of an appropriate wavelength, at which a dynamic exchange of the more surface-active trans isomer in comparison to the more water soluble cis isomer with the PE brush generates a concentration gradient of the cis isomers near a solid surface where the particle is sedimented. In this way, each spherical brush produces its local lateral diffusioosmotic flow pointing outside in a radial direction resulting in mutual long-range repulsive interactions. We demonstrate that a PE layer has a higher tendency to absorb surfactant in comparison to plain silica particles, yielding a larger flow strength. This correlation holds true up to a critical intensity, where the dynamic exchange is adsorption limited with respect to trans isomers and especially pronounced for the PE-coated particles.

Anthropo-fidelic behavior of elastic-plastic lattice structures

Vat photopolymerization is used to construct triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) to match human heel pad stiffness. Five cell types are investigated at varying relative densities modeled to fulfill the roles of the two heel pad tissue constituents: the macrochamber and microchamber. Two photosensitive polymers (elastic 50A and flexible 80A) are tested in uniaxial compression to characterize the toughness and energy absorption apropos cell geometry and approximate density of a latticed volume using a Hookean approach and beam theory. This work substantiates the suitability of latticed models to reach the stiffness of the heel pad chambers. A microchamber (E = 60-450 kPa) and macrochamber (E=26-46 kPa) stiffness response is capable of being modeled with the use of elastic-plastic 50A (E=26.7-526.4 kPa) cellular solids of varying relative density. Models like the Schwarz80A at relative density (ρ*/ρs) ∼ 0.5 showed a comparable modulus of toughness (T=4.126 MPa) to the solid samples (T=7.5161 MPa). The Gyroid lattice consistently showed the capability of matching solid sample energy absorption rates in the 50A, and to outperform the solid samples in energy absorption for the 80A material. Comparing experimental and elastic-plastic theoretical results for the plateau stress and Young's modulus highlights the current model inadequacies for additively manufactured polymers. These findings can have practical applications in other areas such as light-weighting, structural design, ballistics, and soft robotics.