Photographic Composition Research Articles

Optimal Viewpoint Selection by Indoor Drone Using PSO and Gaussian Process With Photographic Composition Based on KL Divergence

This study processes an autonomous indoor drone photographer that searches for and selects a heuristic optimal viewpoint to obtain a well-composed photograph of a group of subjects. The subjects on the drone’s camera screen are represented by a Gaussian mixture model. When there are four or more subjects, they are represented by a Gaussian mixture model with clustering by variational Bayes. The Kullback–Leibler divergence is evaluated between the Gaussian mixture model and a user-defined reference composition, and it is defined as the composition evaluation value. The reference composition is pre-set by the user based on the basic composition rules, such as the three-section method. The drone searches for a viewpoint in a 3D space to optimize the composition evaluation value using particle swarm optimization (PSO). A Gaussian process is used to facilitate the PSO search. This enables the drone to significantly reduce the search time and successfully capture a photograph with a well-balanced composition.

Time and postphotography

This article presents a practice-led research project that asks how experienced time can be perceived through manipulated photographic images. The investigation is carried out by a series of digital images whose content is renegotiated over time, while the subject of the photograph remains within the frame. The artwork evidences an unstable space between a photographic composition and a moving image employed to question the power conventions in visualization and to expand the way we can conceive of time as duration in digital photographic images. It contributes to the discourse about practice-led oriented methodologies in the field of practice as a form of research through a comment on the design practice.

What's in a Photograph? The Perspectives of Composition Experts on Factors Impacting Visual Scene Display Complexity for Augmentative and Alternative Communication and Strategies for Improving Visual Communication.

Purpose Visual scene displays (VSDs) can support augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) success for children and adults with complex communication needs. Static VSDs incorporate contextual photographs that include meaningful events, places, and people. Although the processing of VSDs has been studied, their power as a medium to effectively convey meaning may benefit from the perspective of individuals who regularly engage in visual storytelling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perspectives of individuals with expertise in photographic and/or artistic composition regarding factors contributing to VSD complexity and how to limit the time and effort required to apply principles of photographic composition. Method Semistructured interviews were completed with 13 participants with expertise in photographic and/or artistic composition. Results Four main themes were noted, including (a) factors increasing photographic image complexity and decreasing cohesion, (b) how complexity impacts the viewer, (c) composition strategies to decrease photographic image complexity and increase cohesion, and (d) strategies to support the quick application of composition strategies in a just-in-time setting. Findings both support and extend existing research regarding best practice for VSD design. Conclusions Findings provide an initial framework for understanding photographic image complexity and how it differs from drawn AAC symbols. Furthermore, findings outline a toolbox of composition principles that may help limit VSD complexity, along with providing recommendations for AAC development to support the quick application of compositional principles to limit burdens associated with capturing photographic images. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15032700.

The landmark nature of visual art in of Weimar Germany and the principle of visual narrative

The subject of this research is the art practices of Weimar Germany, first and foremost displayed in photomontage works of the Dadaist artists, as well as paintings and photographic compositions of the representatives of “New Objectivity” since the early 1920s until coming to power of the Nazi in 1933. The relevance of this topic is substantiated by the heightened interest of modern researchers in the cultural processes of the early XX century, which had a significant impact upon the establishment of modern visual imagery system. Within the framework of study, the author also touched upon the problem of assimilation of modern art practices associated to the integration of art into all spheres of social life. The interpretation of this trend is one of the most relevant vectors of modern art history. The novelty of this work lies in the use of complex methodology that implies the unity of socio-analytical and philosophical-anthropological approaches, as well as the method of structural-semiotic analysis that leans on both classical theories and works of the contemporary art historians and culturologists of post-structuralism (P. McBride, R. Krauss, B. Buchloh, P. Stettler, and others.). The result of the conducted research lies in determination of interinfluence of photomontage practices of the Dadaists and the art of “New Objectivity”, which clearly demonstrate the “landmark” nature of the works created during the indicated historical period. The acquired conclusions may be valuable for further research of the German art of “New Realism”, reflected in the works of the artists of “New Objectivity” and “Magic Realism”, and as well as the upcoming trends in art of the XX century.

Tracking destination visual narratives: photographic compositions from longer stay tourists

ABSTRACT The photographs that contemporary travellers disseminate quickly and effortlessly to a global online audience are a valuable resource for scholars and for practitioners seeking to shape destination image. They merit more in-depth understanding. However, viewers are detached from the process of producing photos for online dissemination, thereby limiting insights provided by examinations of what the photos were intended to represent. The current authors pursue deeper understanding by studying visual effects at ‘face value’, rather than interpreting intended meanings. The authors consider the visual effects of narratives that longer stay tourists to Hong Kong share on social networking sites, including content, colour, spatial organization and expressiveness elements. A longitudinal and non-representational research approach is adopted to address the disjuncture and separation between the photo production and reception processes. It is concluded that tourist photographs: a) form groupings around compositional elements; b) change in content and composition over the course of an extended visit and c) generate identifiable visual impacts, based on their compositions. Destination authorities can develop emotion-inducing visual compositions with online resonance by considering the aesthetics of tourist photographs.

Opowieść ze „Stolicą” w tle. Odkrywanie fotograficznego obrazu powojennej Warszawy

This photo essay is based on a poetic narrative about Polish post-war photography, which was published in 1946 in the Stolica [The Capital] magazine. The text presents in a detailed way authentic, archival photographs presented originally in this journal. Therefore, the article displays a varied range of photographic compositions created both by famous and unknown photographers. The specific structure of this photo essay was inspired by one of the short novels written by Julio Cortázar, where narrative escaped temporal linearity.

The GALAH survey: characterization of emission-line stars with spectral modelling using autoencoders

ABSTRACT We present a neural network autoencoder structure that is able to extract essential latent spectral features from observed spectra and then reconstruct a spectrum from those features. Because of the training with a set of unpeculiar spectra, the network is able to reproduce a spectrum of high signal-to-noise ratio that does not show any spectral peculiarities, even if they are present in an observed spectrum. Spectra generated in this manner were used to identify various emission features among spectra acquired by multiple surveys using the HERMES spectrograph at the Anglo-Australian telescope. Emission features were identified by a direct comparison of the observed and generated spectra. Using the described comparison procedure, we discovered 10 364 candidate spectra with varying intensities (from partially filled-in to well above the continuum) of the Hα/Hβ emission component, produced by different physical mechanisms. A fraction of these spectra belong to the repeated observation that shows temporal variability in their emission profile. Among the emission spectra, we find objects that feature contributions from a nearby rarefied gas (identified through the emission of [N ii] and [S ii] lines) that was identified in 4004 spectra, which were not all identified as having Hα emission. The positions of identified emission-line objects coincide with multiple known regions that harbour young stars. Similarly, detected nebular emission spectra coincide with visually prominent nebular clouds observable in the red all-sky photographic composites.

Duregraph: Uma investigação sobre duração na imagem pósfotográfica

Este artigo considera como o tempo vivido pode ser percebido em imagens fotográficas manipuladas. A investigação é desenvolvida por uma série de imagens digitais cujo conteúdo é renegociado ao longo do tempo, enquanto o assunto da fotografia permanece dentro do quadro. As durégraphs resultantes constituem um espaço instável entre uma composição fotográfica e uma imagem em movimento. Os objetivos principais do estudo são questionar as convenções de poder na visualização e expandir a maneira como podemos conceber o tempo como duração nas imagens fotográficas digitais.
 Tradução para o português: Marcos Mortensen Steagall

Lights, Camera, CANCER: Principles of Macroscropic (Gross) Photography for Pathology Specimens

Abstract Gross photography is used both as a teaching tool for future health care workers and as a tool in a pathologist's diagnostic arsenal. Whereas gross descriptions can often be subjective and nonstandardized (and sometimes too convoluted in complex cases), photographs can play a final role in documentation. Where words might kindle an abstract imagination of a disease process, a photograph can capture both attention and understanding. There are 4 critical principles of good gross photography: (1) background surface, (2) photograph composition, (3) lighting, and (4) extra photography tools. As gross photography plays a pivotal role in both diagnosis and teaching, it is imperative to give pathologists, pathologists in training, and pathology assistants the skills and tools to execute the perfect gross photograph.

Supporting the Visual-Cognitive Sciences by Exploring the Application of Photographic Composition to Visual Scene Displays

Supporting the Visual-Cognitive Sciences by Exploring the Application of Photographic Composition to Visual Scene Displays

The Structure of Art Transformation into the Aesthetics of Virtual Art

The research topic selection was a result of novel trends knowledge of textile printing design , and the nature of daily life, which has become dependent on the photography because of the rapid change of life ,events change around us and the desire to document them, so technological progress helped in this in all tools and its ease of use. Textile printing designer have to be in line with this changes and participation in it is not only the adoption of the Ancient arts, where the emergence of new plastic arts must be known to create a common language between his art and the generation that receives his work then there wouldn’t a gap between them, and there are new sources of inspiration. This research focuses on the identification of aesthetic components in the composition of photographs and attempts to formulate them in a new way to suit their functional purpose. Accordingly, the research problem can formulate many questions that we can address by what are the general features of the photography daily life activities in modern photography? What is the use of the philosophy of daily compositions and activities in photographs in the textile printing design? The extent to which technology, photography techniques can be used? Does this field require further research and study of the scarcity of Arab and foreign research and studies? So The research aims to study and analyze models of daily life activities, photography, and preparing innovative designs suitable for Printing Textiles Hangings based on the aesthetic values resulting from the artistic study. Research Methodology: Study used analytical , and experimental approach. analytic method. . Results and Discussions: benefit from aesthetic values found in photography work, which carries the meanings of sophistication and simplicity expressions of, and take advantage of the developments and modern technology in photography in created designs. Photography has gained momentum thanks to the attempts to expand the scope of artistic expression and has become a recognized means of artistic production in this age. It has also become an important tool with designer and a powerful tool for the development of new designs for Printing Textiles Hangings. These are some proposed designs that show the researcher benefited from artistic construction In the photograph.

Photography of daily living activities as novel styles for printed textiles hangings design

Textile printing designer must have a great deal of experience in elements selection. Printing textile design has a role in enriching the artistic taste besides its role in enriching the aesthetic environment of individuals because it is related to their everyday life, either through design motifs or Daily usage. The research topic selection was a result of novel trends knowledge of textile printing design , and the nature of daily life, which has become dependent on the photography and documentation of everything around us because of the rapid change of life ,events change around us and the desire to document them, so technological progress helped in this in all tools and its ease of use. Textile printing designer have to be in line with this changes and participation in it is not only the adoption of the Ancient arts, where the emergence of new plastic arts must be known to create a common language between his art and the generation that receives his work then there wouldn’t a gap between them, and there are new sources of inspiration. This research focuses on the identification of aesthetic components in the composition of photographs and attempts to formulate them in a new way to suit their functional purpose. Accordingly, the research problem can formulate many questions that we can address by what are the general features of the photography daily life activities in modern photography? What is the use of the philosophy of daily compositions and activities in photographs in the textile printing design? The extent to which technology, photography techniques can be used? Does this field require further research and study of the scarcity of Arab and foreign research and studies?Objectives: are studying and analyzing models of daily life activities, photography, and preparing innovative designs suitable for Printing Textiles Hangings based on the aesthetic values resulting from the artistic study. Methodology: Study concluded analytical, and experimental approach. analytic method. That deals with the analytical and artistic studies of photography activities in contemporary photography As well as an analytical study of the designs inspired by the study, and the experimental approach where the researcher conducts the artistic and applied experiments derived from the historical and analytical studies of the production of Printing Textiles Hangings

Mexican photojournalism: the visual narrative of La Jornada newspaper (1984-2000), a way of telling stories

PurposeThis paper aims to broadly address a PhD research stream that the author has been conducting to date, whose historical objective is press photography, specifically the published images in La Jornada newspaper. A visual speech of the various contexts lived in Mexico at the end of the twentieth century. In the following lines, the author will present her methodology proposal with the aim of learning and analyzing the speech created by press photography and its relation to historical reality. A journalistic speech generating a language describing events, but at the same time a language manipulated by the subjectivity of the author – the press photographer. A historical timeline of which the photojournalist was part and which influenced the manner historical reality was perceived by the receiving social group.Design/methodology/approachIt is important to clarify that this database does not intend to replace the estimations which could be obtained by directly and individually analyzing each photograph. However, this instrument has allowed the author to collect a great quantity of readable graphic and textual information, as well as to describe the characteristic attributes of each image as a documentary unit. In other words, the author intends to address the visual events as a part of the historical events, as claimed by the Mexican historian Ricardo Pérez Montfort. This to provide an in-depth study on how historical, social, cultural and political phenomena were registered by press photography; not omitting history, this specific moment, punctually requires photography and written journalism as a vestige. The latter not only with the purpose of going further on the functions of photography but also on the significance of the photographic phenomenon and the visual speech within social and cultural history of a country.FindingsFurthermore, the author will present, to the extent possible, some elements which have allowed the identification of the manner in which the editor(s) of the newspaper impacted the presentation of visual speech, as well as the interests and visions of the social group they represent. This is a way to go further on different assumptions, such as the person taking the picture, the person editing it – after reaching the editorial and ideological line of the newspaper – as well as the person publishing the picture; a new manner to address editorial work and photojournalism on written media. To achieve the aforementioned aim, this essay comprehends the intertextuality and visual production, as well as the contexts lived throughout the six-year Presidential terms of office of Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado, Carlos Salinas de Gortari and Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León, through diverse published images in La Jornada newspaper from 1984 to 2000.Originality/valueThis research not only addresses the generated material by the photojournalists of La Jornada newspaper during this period but also includes, as a part of the oral history methodology, the testimonies of some assistant directors, people in charge of the photography department, the editor, the designer and photographers who stood out in the newspaper. In addition, the author has a database which has allowed to collect, store and connect information present in each of the photographs published on different covers and back covers of the newspaper. It comprises 15 categories which have been nurturing the database (reviewed dates, journalistic and photographic genders, reporters, pages, published photographs, photograph format, themes of the photographs, places, characters, titles of the photographs, photograph caption, credit, photograph composition, angle and time). It is important to clarify that this database does not intend to replace the estimations which could be obtained from directly and individually analyzing each photograph. However, this instrument has allowed the author to collect a great quantity of readable graphic and textual information, as well as to describe the characteristic attributes of each image as a documentary unit.

Pose-Based Composition Improvement for Portrait Photographs

This paper studies the composition in portrait paintings and develops an algorithm to improve the composition of portrait photographs based on example portrait paintings. A study of portrait paintings shows that the placement of the face and the figure is pose-related. Based on this observation, this paper develops an algorithm to improve the composition of a portrait photograph by learning the placement of the face and the figure from an example portrait painting. This example portrait painting is selected based on the similarity of its figure pose to that of the input photograph. This similarity measure is modeled as a graph matching problem. Finally, space cropping is performed using an optimization function to assign a similar location for each body part of the figure in the photograph with that of the figure in the example portrait painting. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. A user study shows that the proposed pose-based composition improvement is preferred more than rule-based methods and learning-based methods.

Photographs of the Miners’ Raids: Reworking Images of the Past and Negotiating the Present

This paper investigates the conditions in which photojournalistic images of the past are becoming iconic and it also traces the ways in which such images actively negotiate the meanings of particular events. Starting from Robert Hariman and John Lucaites’ iconic photography methodology (2007), this research aims to clarify how iconicity operates in specific situations defined by cultural and digital circumstances. The proposed case study analyses the photographs of the events known as Miners’ Raids that took place in Bucharest, Romania in the aftermath of the December 1989 Revolution. First, through a close reading of the aesthetic qualities of the photographic composition, I investigate how images themselves are sites where meaning is produced and how they have the power to sustain multiple and sometimes contradictory semiotic transcriptions. Second, I trace the circulation and appropriation of these photographs to argue their capacity to generate debates and absorb new meanings in the course of their afterlives. The purpose is to understand how photography can work as a distinct category that can articulate complex ideas, judgments, and dialogue. Keywords: close reading, dissent, iconic photography, remobilization, Romanian public culture

Aesthetics-Driven Stereoscopic 3-D Image Recomposition With Depth Adaptation

Due to the availability and affordability of the stereoscopic equipment (e.g., stereo camera, lens, and display devices), stereoscopic image manipulation has been receiving considerable research attention in recent years. In this paper, we present a semiautomatic, aesthetic-driven stereoscopic image recomposition approach, which capacitates the change of the spatial position of the foreground object(s) in a given stereoscopic image to enhance human visual aesthetics. Our algorithm recomposes both the left and right stereo images simultaneously using a global optimization algorithm. To maximize image aesthetics, our algorithm minimizes a set of aesthetic quality errors, which is derived from selected photographic composition rules. In addition, depth adaptation is applied to the resized objects and change in vertical disparity of the resulting stereo image pair is minimized to ensure a pleasant three-dimensional (3-D) viewing experience. Our method can be used to perform stereoscopic image retargeting and recomposition simultaneously by providing the target image scale as the input. Empirical evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in enhancing the aesthetics of stereoscopic 3-D images. Notably, depth adaptation is shown to play an important role in aesthetics enhancement.

Exploring confocal microscopy to analyze ancient photography

Abstract In this work, we explore the use of confocal microscopy to identify the composition of ancient photographs, taking advantage of the binders’ fluorescence and the organic materials nature used as protective coating in their respective manufacture processes. At the same time, the feasibility of using confocal technologies for the analysis of different photographic strata has been proposed. It is found that such technique provides relevant information about morphological features of the photographic surface as well as on the inner layers; thus, confocal microscopy provides useful images on the stratigraphic structure of photographs. In that sense, the technique is capable to determine the binder nature, the presence of intermediate layers such baryta layer, the presence of protective organic coating on photographic surface and inferred print typologies.

Landscape complexity perception and representation in a wine-growing region with the designation of origin in the Loire Valley (France): a cultural ecosystem service?

AbstractEcosystem services related to biodiversity, including cultural services, are essential for agricultural production such as viticulture. In agricultural landscapes, pesticides and mechanization threaten biodiversity, lead to landscape simplification and may reduce ecosystem services. On the other hand, consumers are more and more aware of environmental issues in food production. We investigated if landscape complexity, including soil management practices, was (i) appreciated by visitors and (ii) presented by winegrowers and tourism professionals in the French vineyards with the designation of geographical origin (DGO) ‘Coteaux du Layon’. Our goal was to determine if landscape complexity provides cultural ecosystem services such as aesthetics beneficial for the wine trade and the DGO region's attractiveness. We analyzed the iconographic content and the composition of landscape photographs on 50 websites to investigate if local winegrowers and tourism professionals associate biodiversity in the landscape and soil management practices with wine promotion. A questionnaire was realized to study the perception of local landscapes by interviewing 192 visitors of the region. The benefits of landscape complexity and soil management practices favoring biodiversity in viticulture were known and appreciated by many visitors, even if photographs of wine and traditional practices appeared to encourage wine purchasing. Local winegrowers’ representation of the DGO region only partially served these preferences; instead they mainly presented the wine-growing region by photographs focusing on wine bottles and vineyards. Consumer's preferences showed that complex landscapes could provide cultural ecosystem services that winegrowers are still less aware of. Therefore, complexity-targeted landscape planning including vegetation cover in soil management should be included in policy recommendations as agroecological measures for sustainable DGO production.

Photographic composition classification and dominant geometric element detection for outdoor scenes

Despite the practical importance of photographic composition for improving or assessing the aesthetical quality of photographs, only a few simple composition rules have been considered for its classification. In this work, we propose novel techniques to classify photographic composition rules of outdoor scenes and detect dominant geometric elements, called composition elements, for each composition class. Specifically, we first categorize composition rules of outdoor photographs into nine classes: RoT, center, horizontal, symmetric, diagonal, curved, vertical, triangle, and pattern. Then, we develop a photographic composition classification algorithm using a convolutional neural network (CNN). To train the CNN, we construct a photographic composition database, which is publicly available. Finally, for each composition class, we propose an effective scheme to locate composition elements, i.e., bounding boxes for main subjects, leading lines, axes of symmetry, triangles, and sky regions. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm classifies composition classes reliably and detects composition elements accurately.

Burst mode composite photography for dynamic physics demonstrations

I am writing this article to raise awareness of burst mode photography as a fun and engaging way for teachers and students to experience physics demonstration activities. In the context of digital photography, “burst mode” means taking multiple photographs per second, and this is a feature that now comes standard on most digital cameras—including the iPhone. Sometimes the images are composited to imply motion from a series of still pictures. By analyzing the time between the photos, students can measure rates of velocity and acceleration of moving objects. Some of these composite photographs have already shown up in the AAPT High School Physics Photo Contest. In this article I discuss some ideas for using burst mode photography in the iPhone and provide a discussion of how to edit these photographs to create a composite image. I also compare the capabilities of the iPhone and GoPro cameras in creating these photographic composites.