Photoelectric Research Articles

Virtual Lab Experiment: Physics Educational Technology (PhET)Photo Electric Effect for Senior High School

This paper introduced these Physics Educational Technology (PhET) Simulation and demonstrated their utility for Senior High School Students. The PhET simulations are very involved, interactive animated environments that create a unique opportunity for students. In each case, we demonstrate that discussion simulations are more productive, for developing student conceptual understanding for photo electric effect than traditional discussion without simulations. During the discussion with PhET simulation, students can construct their understanding about concepts photo electric effect within this framework. Students learn by building on their prior understanding through a series of constrained and supportives exploration. The simulations support an interactive approach and constrain students productively.

Photoelectric Activity and Enhancing Mechanism of TiO 2 Electrodes Coated with Nature Plant Pigments

Photoelectric Activity and Enhancing Mechanism of TiO 2 Electrodes Coated with Nature Plant Pigments

Variable interstellar radiation fields in simulated dwarf galaxies: supernovae versus photoelectric heating

We present high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations of isolated dwarf galaxies including self-gravity, non-equilibrium cooling and chemistry, interstellar radiation fields (IRSF) and shielding, star formation, and stellar feedback. This includes spatially and temporally varying photoelectric (PE) heating, photoionization, resolved supernova (SN) blast waves and metal enrichment. A new flexible method to sample the stellar initial mass function allows us to follow the contribution to the ISRF, the metal output and the SN delay times of individual massive stars. We find that SNe play the dominant role in regulating the global star formation rate, shaping the multi-phase interstellar medium (ISM) and driving galactic outflows. Outflow rates (with mass-loading factors of a few) and hot gas fractions of the ISM increase with the number of SNe exploding in low-density environments where radiative energy losses are low. While PE heating alone can suppress star formation slightly more (a factor of a few) than SNe alone can do, it is unable to drive outflows and reproduce the multi-phase ISM that emerges naturally when SNe are included. These results are in conflict with recent results of Forbes et al. who concluded that PE heating is the dominant process suppressing star formation in dwarfs, about an order of magnitude more efficient than SNe. Potential origins for this discrepancy are discussed. In the absence of SNe and photoionization (mechanisms to disperse dense clouds), the impact of PE heating is highly overestimated owing to the (unrealistic) proximity of dense gas to the radiation sources. This leads to a substantial boost of the infrared continuum emission from the UV-irradiated dust and a far infrared line-to-continuum ratio too low compared to observations. Though sub-dominant in regulating star formation, the ISRF controls the abundance of molecular hydrogen via photodissociation.

Hydrothermal Preparation of Cubic ITO Powder and Its Photoelectric Performance

Hydrothermal Preparation of Cubic ITO Powder and Its Photoelectric Performance

The Survey of Lines in M31 (SLIM): The Drivers of the [C ii]/TIR Variation

Abstract The ratio of the [C ii] emission line over the total infrared emission (TIR) is often used as a proxy for the photoelectric (PE) heating efficiency ( ) of the far-ultraviolet (FUV) photons absorbed by dust in the interstellar medium. In the nearby galaxy M31, we measure a strong radial variation of [C ii]/TIR that we rule out as being due to an intrinsic variation in . [C ii]/TIR fails as a proxy for , because the TIR measures all dust heating, not just the contribution from FUV photons capable of ejecting electrons from dust grains. Using extensive multi-wavelength coverage from the FUV to far-infrared, we infer the attenuated FUV emission ( ), and the total attenuated flux ( ). We find [C ii]/TIR to be strongly correlated with / , indicating that, in M31 at least, one of the dominant drivers for [C ii]/TIR variation is the relative hardness of the absorbed stellar radiation field. We define , [C ii]/ which should be more closely related to the actual PE efficiency, which we find to be essentially constant ( ) in all explored fields in M31. This suggests that part of the observed variation of [C ii]/TIR in other galaxies is likely due to a change in the relative hardness of the absorbed stellar radiation field, caused by a combination of variations in the stellar population, dust opacity, and galaxy metallicity, though PE efficiency may also vary across a wider range of environments.

BAV-Results of observations - Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries and Maxima of Pulsating Stars

BAV-Results of observations - Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries and Maxima of Pulsating Stars

小波变换实现的光电编码器精确实时测速

小波变换实现的光电编码器精确实时测速

二维光电水平倾角测量系统

二维光电水平倾角测量系统

Synthesis and Photoelectric Properties of a Cyclometalated Iridium-Platinum Binuclear Complex

Synthesis and Photoelectric Properties of a Cyclometalated Iridium-Platinum Binuclear Complex

Hacia la conciencia cuántica a partir del efecto fotoeléctrico

En este artículo se indaga acerca de los recursos que emplean los estudiantes cuando tienen que responder a interrogantes cuyo contenido se refiere a fenómenos intangibles desde el punto de vista sensorial que vinculan el mundo a distintas escalas, tal como es el caso de la interacción de la radiación electromagnética con la materia. El estudio se realizó sobre tres situaciones problemáticas de efecto fotoeléctrico, y a partir de su análisis se pudieron diferenciar claramente cinco categorías de respuestas que nos dirigen a reflexionar acerca de la construcción de un concepto esencial de las ciencias naturales, como es el de energía, y su relación con el de interacción radiación-materia, dualidad onda-partícula, cuanto, entre otros. Se evidencia una malla de subjetividades que actúa como soporte de la formación de conceptos hacia cuya objetividad apuntan los esfuerzos del proceso de enseñanza.

Phase analysis of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles produced by electrical explosion of iron wire

The experimental platform for electrical explosion of wire was built and iron wire was electrically exploded in air to produce metal nanoparticles. The total energy deposited in the wire was estimated by time integration using the product of voltage and current waveforms measured by voltage divider and Rogowski coil, respectively. The light emission from the plasma was recorded by photoelectric detector. The composition and morphology of the electrical explosion product were tested by the high-multiple microscope, scanning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) to analyze the products phase characteristics. The results show that during the process of electrical explosion, when iron wire goes from liquid phase to gas phase, current hardly flows through the wire and load voltage of wire approaches the initial charge voltage of capacitor due to rapid increase of wire resistance. With energy deposited into wire, arc plasma is formed in the chamber. Meanwhile, current can flow through the low resistance arc plasma, which leads to voltage as well as current waveforms evolving into underdamped sinusoidal waveforms. The product of iron wire electrical explosion is composed of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and most of them are in good spherical shape. The particle size ranges mainly from 30 to 60 nm and obeys the log-normal distribution.

Synthesis and Photoelectric Properties of Novel Liquid Crystalline Compound Bearing Diethynyl and Naphthyl Groups with High Birefringence

Synthesis and Photoelectric Properties of Novel Liquid Crystalline Compound Bearing Diethynyl and Naphthyl Groups with High Birefringence

Physiological response of locusts to eye stimulation by spectral illumination for phototactic pest control

To provide theoretical support for study of locust phototactic vision nature, the locust phototactic physiology and visual spectrum effects were investigated by stimulating the visual system using light from an AvaSpec fiber-optic spectrometer and Flir thermal imaging system. When light stimulated the locust visual system, the biological photoelectric transformation effect of the visual system caused by photon energy, presented with the higher physiological temperature on the forehead, as tested by the Flir thermal system. After stimulation with light, the different absorption degrees of the vision system on the spectral photons, as tested by the AvaSpec spectrometer, showed that the phototactic response to light had the simultaneous requirements of lighting intensity and time. The absorbing differences of spectral photons by the vision system demonstrated the absorption selectivity under light stimulation, as exhibited by the sensitive absorption of spectral energy at 430 nm, 545 nm and 615 nm. Moreover, the higher forehead temperature increment indicated and induced the stronger physiology activity which was the reason that causing the good phototactic response degree of locusts with 30 min light stimulation, and the adaption time was about 60 min. Therefore, only when the visual reaction effect was stimulated to absorb sensitive spectral energy and generate the physiological exciting response could cause the phototactic behavior. Keywords: Phototactic pest control, physiological response, Locusta migratoria, spectral illumination, phototactic vision, spectrum absorption, light simulation DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20160902.1249 Citation: Liu Q H, Zhou Q. Physiological response of locusts to eye stimulation by spectral illumination for phototactic pest control. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2016; 9(2): 186－194.

다양한 화원으로부터 발생된 연기를 감지하는 광전식연기감지기의 필요성에 대한연구

Abstract In this paper which was performed to bring public attention t o the need for developing an photoelectric smoke detector that detects smokes emitted from d iverse fire sources, it was confirmed that the photoelectric smoke detector may not respond to certai n smoke types depending on the size and color of smoke particles. The test was performed on a photo electric smoke detector which is being used generally for specific fire targets specified in UL268, in cluding paper fire, wood fire and flammable liquid fire, while the actual response performance of the fire detector, as well as respective smoke particles collected from different fire source which were photographed with a SEM(Scanning electron microscope) were analyzed in the test for this study. keywords: photoelectric smoke detectors, paper fire, wood fire, flammable liquid fire 1. 서 론 화재감지기는 화재 시 발생하는 열, 연기, 불꽃 또는 연소생성물을 자동적으로 감지하여 자동화재탐지설비의 수신기에 신호를 보내어 경보장치를 작동하게 하는 장치로 화재초기에 거주자 및 관계자의 빠른 대피 및 신속한 소화활동을 도모하도록 유도하는 역할을 하기에 중요시되고 있다[1],[2],[3]. 이런 화재감지기는 감지대상에 따라 크게 열감지기, 연기감지기, 불꽃감지기로 구분되어 지는데 이 중 연기감지기가 화재초기에 발생되는 연기를 빠르게 감지하기 때문에 일반적으로 사용되어지고 있다.[4],[5] 이렇게 일반적으로 사용되어지는 연기감지기는 작동방식에 따라 이온화식과 광전식(이하 “산란광식”이라 한다)으로 작동하는 방으로 분류되어지는데, 이온화식 연기감지기의 경우 불꽃을 수반하는 화원으로부터 발생된 연기에 대하여 응답특성이 산란광식으로 작동하는 연기감지기 보다 우수하다는 특징이 있고, 산란광식 연기감지기의 경우 불꽃을 수반하지 않는 화원으로 부터 발생된 연기에 대하여 이온화식 연기감지기보다 우수한 특징을 가지고 있다[6],[7]. 이에 각 연기감지기는 화재발생시 나타나는 응답특성에 따라 특정소방대상물에 적절히 설치되어 사용되어 왔지만, 최근 이온화식 연기감지기의 이온화 챔버 내부에 방사성 동위원소인 Am 241(아메리슘 241)의 위험성으로 인한 생산 중단으로 현재는 하나의 광센서로 연기를 감지하는 산란광식 연기감지기만 개발 및 보급되고 있다.†Corresponding Author : Jong Hwa Lee, Gwangju Gwangsan-gu Seobong-dong Honam University, E-mail: buldori@honam.ac.kr Received January 15, 2016; Revision Received March 02 , 2016 ; Accepted March 21, 2016.

Synthesis of Morphology-controllable Porphyrin Materials and Their Photoelectric Properties

Synthesis of Morphology-controllable Porphyrin Materials and Their Photoelectric Properties

光电编码器误差检测转台的动态精度标定

光电编码器误差检测转台的动态精度标定

Relationship of visual function with the diagnosis and therapy of eye-related diseases——require for further research

Visual cognition is a comprehensive procedure of information processing from eyes, visual pathway through cerebral cortex.Visual function covers down multiple concepts of ocular structures, psycophysics, photochemistry and photoelectric information transformation, reflecting visual acuity, contrast visual acuity, visual field, color vision, binocular vision, visual perception and many other detailed parameters.Ocular abnormal status is reflected to certain visual function while visual function is various and anfractuous from kinds of ocular problems.These complex networks lead to some misunderstanding of research in the filed of visual function concept.An expatiation of the diversified visual function is helpful for us to integrate visual function and ocular ailment process.This paper tried to explicit some misconceptions, and accentuated the importance of clinical research around visual function for the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases and nervous system diseases. Key words: Visual function; Eye, diseases/ diagnosis, therapy; Visual cognition

Photoelectric Properties of Novel Amide-Functionalized Ir(III) Complexes

设计并制备三种具不同官能团的铱[III]邻菲啰啉配合物：[Ir（ppy）2phen-Br]Cl,[Ir（ppy）2phen-COOH]Cl,[Ir（ppy）2phen-Si]Cl,以及对比参照物[Ir（ppy）2phen-NH2]Cl.其中,ppy为2-苯基吡啶,phen-Br为2-溴-2甲基-N-（1,10-菲啰啉-5-基）丙酰胺,phen-COOH为4-[（1,10-菲啰啉-5-基）氨基]-4-酰基丁烯酸,phen-Si为5-[N,N-二-3-（三乙氧硅）基]酰亚胺-1,10-菲啰啉,phen-NH2为5-氨基-邻菲啰啉,并采用核磁共振（NMR）、质谱（MS）、紫外-可见（UV-Vis）吸收光谱、荧光（PL）光谱法和循环伏安法（CV）等对上述配合物进行了分析和表征.光物理性能研究结果表明：这些配合物在蓝-紫色可见光区域有较强吸收,可发射出明亮的黄色到橙红色荧光,量子效率达到12%以上.相比较于参照物[Ir（ppy）2phen-NH2]Cl（5.78μs）,三种新型配合物在量子效率未明显降低甚至提高的前提下,荧光寿命有了显著的提高（9.18–12.00μs）.其中,[Ir（ppy）2phen-Br]Cl（1）不但有最高的荧光量子产率（32%）和最长的荧光寿命（12.00μs）,而且也具有最好的氧传感性能,I0/I（无氧与纯氧条件下的荧光强度比值）可达到10.91.这使得[Ir（ppy）2phen-Br]Cl有望成为接枝型,较高性能的光学氧传感器的候选氧敏指示剂.除此之外,还通过含时密度泛函理论（TD-DFT）计算对配合物光电性能进行补充说明,理论计算表明：这些配合物是以铱为中心的近似八面体结构,理论计算结果与实际实验数据相一致.

Synthesis of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>Sr<sub><em>x</em></sub>Pb<sub>(1-<em>x</em>)</sub>I<sub>3</sub> with Less Pb Content and Its Application in All-Solid Thin Film Solar Cells

近年来,有机-无机杂化铅卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）得到了迅猛发展,其最高光电转换效率已经达到19.3%.该类型太阳能电池使用的钙钛矿型吸光材料为含Pb的有机-无机杂化铅卤钙钛矿,从长远来看, Pb的毒性将制约其大规模应用.本文从减少吸光材料中Pb的含量出发,尝试用Sr部分取代Pb制备一系列少铅钙钛矿CH3NH3SrxPb（1-x）I3,并将其应用于钙钛矿太阳能电池进行光电性能的研究.研究结果表明,相比于全Pb钙钛矿（CH3NH3PbI3）材料, Sr取代量为30%（x=0.3）时,所形成的CH3NH3Sr0.3Pb0.7I3光谱吸收大范围增强,但基于此材料制备的电池器件性能明显下降.

Fluorescent Color Tuning of Conjugated Polymer Materials: Mechanisms and Methods

Conjugated polymers have received ever-increasing attention as fluorescent materials. They have many advantages compared w ith small-molecular fluorescent materials. As materials,conjugated polymers can be fabricated into different forms,such as thin films by spinning coating or drop casting,nano-/microfibers by electrospinning,nano-/microspheres,and micelle / vesicle /microtubule / nanoparticles by self-assembly . The great flexibility of conjugated polymers in processing makes it possible for them to meet the demands of different applications. With regard to the photophysics,the broader absorption allow s conjugated polymers to be excited by different light sources. In addition,the high resistance to the photobleaching,or photostability,guarantees a long lifetime when conjugated polymers in real applications. These advantages allow conjugated polymers to be used in different fields,ranging from fluorescent bioimaging and sensors,to optical encoding and photoelectric displays. Some applications,such as encoding and display,require that the fluorescent materials have various emission colors. Thus fluorescent color tuning is very important and also very challenging for realization of these applications. This article gives some detailed discussion about the main mechanisms for the color tuning,based