Photocatalytic Degradation Of Textile Dye Research Articles

Facile Synthesis of a Crystalline Zinc Sulfide/Chitosan Biopolymer Nanocomposite: Characterization and Application for Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dyes and Anticancer Activity.

In the present study, we have synthesized a zinc sulfide/chitosan (ZS/CS) nanocomposite by utilizing simple, economical, and environmentally friendly methods. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by different analytical techniques such as XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, and FTIR to determine the phase structure, morphology, and elemental composition. FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm the functional groups of the synthesized zinc sulfide (ZS) nanoparticles and ZS/CS composite. Besides, the optical properties of the as-synthesized nanocomposite was analyzed by a UV-visible spectrophotometer, and the estimated band gap energy is ∼3.03 eV. The photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized ZS/CS nanocomposite was investigated against two textile dyes, Crystal Violet (CV) and Acid Red-I (AR-I), under UV-visible light irradiation. The nanocomposite showed excellent photocatalytic activity against the dyes, and photodegradation was estimated to be about 93.44 and 90.67% for CV and AR-I, respectively. The nanocomposite was reused for three consecutive cycles. The results revealed that the photocatalyst displayed good reusability during the photocatalytic decomposition and thus is considered a cost-effective and promising photocatalyst in degrading dye pollutants. The kinetic study proved that the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics was followed by the degradation process. We also examined the anticancer activity of ZS and ZS/CS against human breast and myelogenous leukemia cancer cell lines, namely, MCF-7 and K-562, and the half minimal inhibitory concentrations were found to be less than 50 μg/mL.

Carbon nitride impregnated non-woven jute post-industrial waste in photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes

Carbon nitride impregnated non-woven jute post-industrial waste in photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes

Photocatalytic degradation of textile dye with titanium (IV) doped tungsten oxide nanoparticles

Water pollution from textile industries is a major concern with respect to the availability of clean drinking water. The removal of textile (organic) dyes through photocatalytic degradation with pure WO3 and titanium (IV) doped tungsten oxide [Ti (IV)-WO3] nanospheres were studied under visible light. The WO3 and Ti (IV)-WO3 nanospheres were synthesized via microwave-assisted method at microwave power of 160 W for the duration of 20 mins. The as synthesised WO3 and Ti (IV)-WO3 nanospheres were characterized for their structural, microstructural, and spectroscopic properties by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The X-ray diffractograms confirmed the formation of highly pure WO3 and Ti (IV)-WO3 nanospheres. The average crystallite size of WO3 and Ti (IV)-WO3 nanospheres were calculated as 53.37 nm and 35.24 nm respectively using Debye Scherrer equation. The bandgap of Ti (IV)-WO3 was found to be decreased to 2.5 eV from 3.2 eV (WO3) respectively. It can be deduced that Ti (IV)-WO3 can be utilized as efficient visible light (λ>420 nm) driven photocatalyst as the bandgap was < 3 eV. The agglomerated spherical nanoparticles were seen for WO3 and Ti (IV)-WO3 in the HR-TEM images. The photocatalytic activity of textile dye was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer under visible light. The photocatalytic organic dye degradation was investigated. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of titanium (IV) doped tungsten oxide (10 wt%) was observed to be ~100% in 100 mins. This makes titanium (IV) doped tungsten oxide nanospheres, a potential nanomaterial for water purification.

Advanced photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes and removal of heavy metal ions from MFe2O4 using photo-Fenton mechanism

Advanced photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes and removal of heavy metal ions from MFe2O4 using photo-Fenton mechanism

Photocatalytic Degradation Using TiO2 P25: A Comparative Study for Different Textile Dyes

The photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes using metallic oxides has been extensively studied due to the remarkable results. This promising approach offers a more sustainable alternative for treating textile effluents contaminated with dyes and other chemicals, intending to mitigate the environmental impact caused by the textile industry. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the degradation of different classes of synthetic dyes used in industry through the heterogeneous photocatalysis process. For this purpose, TiO2 P25 dispersed in an aqueous dye medium exposed to an isolated source of artificial UV light was used. The significance of this research lies in understanding photodegradation phenomena and studying heterogeneous catalysis mechanisms applied to the degradation of textile dyes. Furthermore, the importance of sustainability in the textile industry is highlighted, emphasizing the need for new solutions to reduce waste emissions. This study contributes significantly to understanding the degradation of textile dyes through photodegradation, providing detailed information on the reaction processes and key factors influencing the efficiency of TiO2-catalyzed degradation. The results demonstrate real application potential and support sustainable strategies for treating textile effluents, aiming to reduce the environmental impact caused by dyes.

Synthesis of different types of nano-hydroxyapatites for efficient photocatalytic degradation of textile dye (Congo red): a crystallographic characterization.

The textile industry, a vital economic force in developing nations, faces significant challenges including the release of undesired dye effluents, posing potential health and environmental risks which need to be minimized with the aid of sustainable materials. This study focuses on the photocatalytic potential of hydroxyapatite together with different dopants like titanium-di-oxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO). Here, we synthesized hydroxyapatite (HAp) using different calcium sources (calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate) and phosphorous sources (phosphoric acid, diammonium hydrogen phosphate) precursors through a wet chemical precipitation technique. Pure and doped HAp were characterized via different technologies, which consist of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as UV-vis spectroscopy. The effectiveness of the synthesized photocatalyst was evaluated by its interactivity with synthetic azo dyes (Congo red). The photodegradation of Ca(OH)2_HAp, CaCO3_HAp, ZnO-doped HAp as well as TiO2-doped HAp, were obtained as 89%, 91%, 86%, and 91%, respectively. Furthermore, at neutral pH, TiO2-doped HAp shows the highest degradation (86%), whereas ZnO-doped HAp possesses the lowest degradation (73%). Additionally, various XRD models (Monshi-Scherrer's, Williamson-Hall, and Halder-Wagner methods) were employed to study crystallite dimension.

Efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of textile dye from metal ion-substituted ferrite for environmental remediation

Efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of textile dye from metal ion-substituted ferrite for environmental remediation

Polyol synthesis of one-dimensional Ag nanowires for the photocatalytic degradation of textile dye and effective removal of microbes.

Due to the excess release of hazardous pollutants to the environment, the quest for the synthesis of effective nanomaterials for wastewater treatment is never-ending. Present study reports the polyol synthesis of Ag NWs of ~ 85nm diameter and average length of 4.08µm using PVP and ethylene glycol. The experimental data on the methylene blue dye degradation substantiated the photocatalytic efficiency of Ag NWs (88% degradation in 120min). Furthermore, the Ag NWs exhibited microbial load reducing property in air conditioner condensate water (ACW) within a time period of 60min. Also, the anti-bacterial effect of Ag NWs was estimated using two human pathogenic bacterial strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. The antibacterial potential of Ag NWs against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus was revealed significant with an inhibition zone size of 14 ± 0.1mm and 9 ± 0.1mm, respectively. Hence, the present work validates the potential efficiency of Ag NWs in the degradation of textile dyes and reduction of microbial population.

Solar light induced photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes using solvothermally synthesized SnO2 impregnated pumice stone

In this study, a facile solvothermal route was utilized to immobilize SnO2 on the surface of pumice stone and used as a photocatalyst to remove methyl orange (MO) and crystal violet (CV). Based on the SEM findings, the SnO2 particles were successfully immobilized on the surface of the pumice without aggregation. Also, the immobilization of SnO2 was identified using XRD, EDS, XRF and FTIR analysis. The UV–vis spectroscopy measurement revealed the energy bandgap of pristine pumice and SnO2/pumice composite was found to be 2.71 and 2.55 eV, respectively. The BET surface area of SnO2/pumice is about 29.08 m2 g−1, with pore volume and pore radius of up to 0.045 cm3 g−1 and 30.97 Ả, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of SnO2/pumice under sunlight irradiation shows the degradation of MO and CV by about 85 and 70% within 40 and 60 min, respectively. Moreover, the radical scavengers test discovered that h+ and OH ̇ radicals play a crucial role, whereas · O2 − radicals also exhibited a minor role in the degradation process. In addition, the XRD, FTIR, EDX and XRF analysis of the fresh and used SnO2/pumice sample was carried out to detect a minimal change in sample peaks even after the photocatalytic experiment. As a future aspect, after SnO2/pumice reusability, it can be again reused as a bare substrate in the same synthesis process.

Photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes laden industrial wastewater using fabricated bismuth ferrite coated nickel/nickel oxide foam

Abstract Inadequate wastewater treatment infrastructure is a major environmental and public health concern worldwide. Industrial effluents containing organic pollutants such as dyes constitute a severe challenge due to their toxicity. Malachite green (MG) and methylene blue (MB) are two organic dyes that are widely used in textiles but also damage the environment. Herein, we report the fabrication of bismuth ferrite-coated nickel/nickel oxide foam (BFCNF) heterojunction photocatalyst via the dip-coating approach. The point of zero charge and the estimated surface area of BFCNF was observed to be 7.5, and 213.19 m2 g−1, respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra revealed the presence of Ni, O, Bi, and Fe elements in the BFCNF. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that BFCNF has a granular coarse surface morphology. The XRD anslysis showed that the average-crystallite size for Ni/NiO, BFO, and BFCNF was found to be 28, 1.00, and 1.00 nm, respectively. The catalyst revealed outstanding performance while degrading 97 % of MG dye at pH 6, and 98 % MB dye at pH 5, under visible light irradiation of 20 min. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) studies were also performed for both of the dyes. Notably, a negligible COD was observed for both of the dyes after 80 min. In a real industrial wastewater treatment study, the catalyst almost degraded 99 % of both dyes. Further, the catalyst revealed excellent stability during four and seven consecutive recycles tests for MB and MG dyes, respectively. The degradation process follows pseudo-first-order kinetics with correlation coefficients (regression analysis, R 2) of 0.949 and 0.974 for MG and MB, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on utilization of bismuth ferrite-coated nickel/nickel oxide foam based heterojunction photocatalyst. This work will trigger the development of highly efficient catalysts for efficient wastewater treatment.

Rare earth ions (La3+, Nd3+) substituted cobalt–strontium spinel ferrites for photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes

Abstract In the industrial sector, productive and effective treatment of toxic dye-based color pollutants is a key issue. Lanthanum and neodymium substituted cobalt–strontium (Co–Sr) spinel ferrite (Co0.5Sr0.5RExFe2-xO4, x = 0.00 and 0.06) catalysts were synthesized and used to degrade Congo red and rhodamine B dyes from an aqueous solution mixture in this study. For this specific purpose, RE3+ ions substituted Co–Sr spinel ferrite nanoparticles with photocatalytic degradation ability were prepared through sol–gel method. The degradation of CR and RhB in recently synthesized nanoferrites was also examined. SEM and XRD were used to characterize the prepared samples. The optical band gap values of synthesized spinel ferrites were examined with the help of Tauc plots by using UV-visible absorption. It was determined that the energy bandgap ranged from 2.91 to 2.52 eV. For Co0.5Sr0.5Fe2O4, Co0.5Sr0.5La0.06Fe1.94O4, and Co0.5Sr0.5Nd0.06Fe1.94O4 nanoferrites, the rates of CR and RhB dye degradation were 73–90% and 45–85%, respectively, at pH 5–7. The kinetics models successfully described the degradation reaction as pseudo-first-order kinetics. It was, therefore, concluded that the prepared samples can be used as effective photocatalysts in order to eliminate hazardous pollutants present in wastewater.

Ultrafast photodegradation of textile industry dyes using efficient sulfide based ternary nanocomposites

We developed novel zinc-cadmium-bismuth sulfide (Zn–Cd–Bi2S3) and Zn–Cd–SnS nanocomposites to fabricate a heterojunction by an easy chemical technique to improve photocatalytic degradation of textile dye. Crystalline size and lattice parameter are analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer. The obtained strong diffraction peaks with various diffraction planes confirm the fabrication of a high crystal quality nanocomposite as well as the identification of its mixed crystal structure. The morphological information is studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Due to its higher surface energy, the as-prepared nanocomposite displayed agglomeration by adjoining to tiny particles. The roughness of surface is studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) used to study about presence of organic functional groups on the surface of nanocomposite. Using UV–Visible and photoluminescence spectra, the impact of shifting the positions of Sn and Bi ions on the optical characteristics is investigated. Thermal property of the nanocomposite is studied by thermogravimetric–differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA) at air atmosphere. We examine and compared the photocatalytic activity of Zn–Cd–Bi2S3 and Zn–Cd–SnS nanocomposites for the crystal violet (CV) dye. Under the sun light irradiation Zn–Cd–Bi2S3 nanocomposite demonstrated a highest percentage of degradation (88.5%) within a short period (120 min). The obtained photocatalytic results indicate that the active radicals •O2-, h+, and •OH- are favourable for the photocatalytic reaction. A possible photocatalytic mechanism for the dye degradation for the photocatalyst is proposed. Due to the narrow band gap, wide range of incident light captured by the heterostructure nanocomposite and the photogenerated electrons and holes is effectively separated in the Zn–Cd–Bi2S3.

Sustainable and energy-efficient photocatalytic degradation of textile dye assisted by ecofriendly synthesized silver nanoparticles

In this study, we have touched on two goals of sustainable development, namely, the provision of clean water and sanitation and clean energy at acceptable prices, hoping for good health for all ages. A green economical method was used to prepare silver nanoparticles from chitosan biopolymer. AgNPs were fully characterized using UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, HR-TEM, and EDX analysis. Different concentrations (0.02–0.18 g/L) of the nanoparticles were integrated into a mixture of heterogeneous nano photocatalysts TiO2 and ZnO (1:1 weight ratio) under UV irradiation for the photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red 37 textile dye to obtain clean water. The kinetic description of the performed photocatalytic process was presented assuming a pseudo-first-order reaction. The data revealed that increasing the concentration of AgNPs in the catalytic mixture showed a high apparent rate constant (kapp) accompanied by an increase in the apparent quantum yield (%Qapp), followed by dye destruction after a very short time (t0.5 = 3 min). Since the photocatalytic degradation process consumes electrical energy, the electrical energy per order (EE/O) was calculated, showing a low value of 20 kWh/m3/order, using 0.18 g/L AgNPs, indicating that the elicited photocatalytic degradation method is a sustainable one for the mineralization of the targeted dye.

Enhanced electrochemical and photocatalytic performance of high quality silver nanoparticles

• High-quality Ag NPs were synthesized via a facile chemical method. • Homogeneous Ag NPs were obtained in the rage: 10-30 nm. • High specific capacitance of 396 F/g and 89% of capacitance retention achieved. • Ag NPs show excellent degradation of bromophenol blue and fast green dyes. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have gained considerable attention for use in various applications. This work presents a novel technique for the preparation of homogeniouse Ag NPs and fabricated most efficient supercapacitor (SC) and ultrafast photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes. The particles size was controlled by using sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) as a reducing agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizing agent. As a result, highly homogeneous Ag nanoparticles were prepared by the facile chemical method. The crystalline and morphological information and particle size (∼10-30 nm) of Ag NPs are determined via XRD, TEM and SEM analyses. The electrochemical performance of the Ag NPs exhibits pseudocapacitive behavior and a high specific capacitance of 396 F/g, achieving 89% of capacitance retention over 3,000 cycles. In addition, the Ag NPs demonstrate excellent performance for photocatalytic degradation of bromophenol blue (BP: ∼88% efficiency) and fast green (FG:∼89 % efficiency) dyes, respectively. Results clearly show that Ag NPs can be used for both energy storage as well as photocatalytic applications.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dye Using Green Synthesized Nanoparticles

In recent years, plants have been used as reducing agents for the synthesis of nanoparticles in a short time, and it consists of low cost, and there is no harmful effect on the environment; In this study, silver nanoparticles are synthesized from AgNO3 using leaf extract of Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi. The leaf extract is mixed with AgNO3 solution, and color change occurs from whitish-yellow to dark brown at room temperature within a few minutes. After incubation, the suspension was centrifuged, and particles were separated and dried. The green synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy in a maximum wavelength of 393 nm, FTIR, SEM, EDAX, DLS, XRD, and ZETA POTENTIAL; Photocatalytic degradation of Victoria blue or basic blue dye was investigated by green synthesized Ag nanoparticles with solar irradiation technique by biometrically at different time intervals. The UV-visible characteristic peak absorption of Victoria blue solution was 250 nm. The photocatalytic activity at different time intervals [control, treated controls, 30 min, (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 24, 48, 60, 72) hrs] was collected and decreased the peak intensity and was measured using UV-visible spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Green synthesized Ag nanoparticles effectively degraded the Victoria blue dye solution in total exposure time.

Two-dimensional z-type MoS2/g-C3N4 semiconductor heterojunction nanocomposites for industrial methylene blue dye degradation under daylight

The photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes by graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) under sunlight has received increased attention. Nevertheless, the photocatalytic application of g-C3N4 is still limited by its faster charge carrier recombination. To overcome this obstacle, this research has used an impregnation approach to deposit thin-layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on g-C3N4. The crystallinity, morphology, chemical composition, and structural defects of the resulting two-dimensional (2D) z-type MoS2/g-C3N4 semiconductor heterojunction nanocomposite were investigated by XRD, SEM, EDAX, HRTEM, XPS, Raman, and FT-IR techniques. The microscopic images clearly show that (i) g-C3N4 is densely covered by MoS2, and (ii) the g-C3N4 and MoS2 interface. Using industrial dye, Methylene Blue (MB), the photocatalytic degradation competency of 5% MoS2/g-C3N4 and 10% MoS2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites was examined under natural sunlight. The homogeneous distribution of the MoS2 layer on the g-C3N4 surface helps significantly to reduce the charge carrier recombination during the photocatalytic process. The Mott-Schottky and impedance measurements demonstrate a more active site for photogenerated electron-hole pair and efficient charge separation for enhanced photocatalytic process, which is consistent with the optical property results. Based on the findings, we confirm that the as-prepared MoS2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites outperformed bare MoS2 and g-C3N4 in terms of MB degradation (100%).

Novel Zinc Ferrite Anchored Graphene Oxide Magnetic Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dyes

AbstractA simple co‐precipitation method has been adopted for the preparation of magnetically separable graphene zinc ferrite nanocomposite for highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of malachite green, fast green and eriochrome black T under visible light irradiation. The anchoring of zinc ferrite nanoparticles on graphene sheets not only inhibits the agglomeration of zinc ferrite nanoparticles but also decreases the band gap from 1.93 to 1.40 eV. The composite exhibits superior degradation efficiency in presence of hydrogen peroxide for all dyes under study. The dye degradation follows a pseudo first‐order reaction. The photocatalyst showed excellent performance even in the presence of highly concentrated inorganic salts and for a wide range of pH values. The composite retains its degradation capacity up to ten cycles. The composite described here can find potential applications for effective wastewater remediation from textile industries.

Photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes using phycosynthesised ZnO nanoparticles

Phycosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using a single-step process, from biomolecules present in the cyanobacterial extracts of Anabaena variabilis ARM 441 was carried out and analysed for photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes. Bioactive components of algal extracts identified by GC–MS and NMR (13C and 1H NMR) spectroscopy, reveals 21 different compounds, among which n-hexadecanoic acid and 13 tetradecenal had properties of reducing and capping agent required in the synthesis of ZnO NPs. Microscopic investigation of particle size and zeta potential confirmed the formation of hexagonal ZnO NPs with an average size of 33.31 nm. The EDX and XPS analyses established the chemical composition and high purity of ZnO NPs. The rietveld refinement studies of X-ray diffraction studies elucidated crystalline and wurtzite phase of ZnO NPs. Pore size (11.551 nm), surface area (38.718 m2/g) and pore volume (0.1633 cc/g) were studied by BET analysis. The photocatalytic degradation of brilliant green (BG) and indigo carmine (IC) dyes in aqueous solution by ZnO NPs was 98.07% and 80.8% for BG and IC, respectively, which followed first-order kinetics, suggesting that ZnO NPs are capable of degrading harmful and toxic chemical dyes that persists in the environment.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dye from Wastewater by using ZnS/TiO2 Nanocomposites Material

Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dye from Wastewater by using ZnS/TiO2 Nanocomposites Material

New insight in photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes over CeO2/Ce2S3 composite

Cerium oxide, sulfide and composites of cerium sulfide-cerium oxide were prepared by co-precipitation technique. The fabricated samples were characterized by XRD. The photocatalytic degradation of synthesized samples was made to check their catalytic performance. The results of photocatalytic activity verified that 94% degradation of the rhodamine B dye took place in presence of catalyst (composite of cerium oxide/sulfide) and UV–visible irradiation, whereas in catalyst absence, percentage degradation of rhodamine B dye was less than 15% at the end of 120 min. The composite of cerium oxide/sulfide showed greater photo degradation (94%) with rhodamine B dye under UV irradiation than cerium oxide (80%) and cerium sulfide (71%). Percentage degradation of composite materials was greater due to the band gap because photo catalysis depends upon the band gap energy. Band gap energy for composite of cerium oxide/sulfide may be calculated by Tauc relationship. Photo degradation reaction obeyed the rules of pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction.