Electrospinning has received much interest as a versatile fabrication technique for 1D (one-dimension) nanomaterials. This study introduces a novel 1D nanomaterial, N&GO@Zr/TiO2, which was synthesized through electrospinning followed by hydrothermal methods and applied as a photoanode in low-cost dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The prepared material was characterized via FESEM, EDX mapping, XRD, and XPS analyses. After the hydrothermal step, there was an enhancement in the crystallinity, which is attributed to the high growth rate of the anatase crystallites. Then, the performance of DSCs incorporating the photoanodes was investigated by J–V curves, IPCE, dye loading, and EIS, and a high photoresponse efficiency of 5.3% was obtained, which is higher than the efficiencies for cells based on nitrogen-doped Zr/TiO2 nanofibers (NFs) (5.0%) and GO@Zr/TiO2 NFs (5.1%). Besides the crystallinity enhancement, Zr doping can affect the electronic properties of the pristine TiO2 via the replacement of Ti4+ by Zr4+, which has different size and electronegativity. Hence, this composite was used as a substrate for the photoanode after GO&N doping. GO can improve the electron transport via increasing the photoanode conductivity, which is demonstrated via impedance studies, and N can increase the current produced via the enhancement of dye loading, which is studied through UV–visible spectroscopy. This study introduces the preparation of the novel nanocomposites toward highly efficient low-cost liquid-junction photovoltaics.