Phosphonic Acid Functionality Research Articles

Uptake and coordination behaviour of uranyl on functionalised silica

The safe decommissioning of nuclear reactors is a complex process, requiring a range of technological options for it to be done effectively. It has become more important in recent years, with the substantial number of reactors entering the decommissioning phase. This paper details the use of functionalised silica for the recovery of uranium from aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions, a potential agent for the treatment of steel reactor components during nuclear reactor decommissioning. Silica functionalised with either phosphonic acid, bistriazine, or bistriazinylbipyridine ligands was shown to extract uranium, with the commercially available phosphonic acid functionality being the most effective. Extractions of 100 % were observed at [H+] ≤ 0.24 M, further the phosphonic acid functionality also had the highest loading capacity. Increasing [H+] has a suppressive effect on uranyl recovery, which was more pronounced for the in-house synthesized silica, and was attributed to protonation of the extracting moiety. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy was also used to determine the uranium coordination environments on the functionalised silica, and gain insights into the extraction mechanism. The uranyl cation was bound by two phosphonic acid groups, two bis-triazine groups, and one bistriazinylbipyridine group, respectively on each respective extractant. Uranyl was found to be penta-coordinate in the equatorial plane for all systems, with oxygen and/or chloride always present in the first coordination sphere. Evaluation of the mechanism indicated that uranyl must be loading onto the phosphonic acid functionality via multiple mechanisms, to both the phosphonic acid and silica related surface groups, although preferential binding of uranyl to the phosphonic acid groups was observed.

Diblock versus block-random copolymer architecture effect on physical properties of Gd3+-based hybrid polyionic complexes

HypothesisRandom insertion of vinylphosphonic acid (VPA) units into a of PEG-PAA block copolymer improves the chemical stability and properties of hybrid nanoobjects obtained from the complexation of the copolymer with metal ions. ExperimentsBlock polymers based on poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are modified by random insertion of 0 to 100 % of phosphonic acid functions in PAA block by a RAFT polymerization process. These polymers are then used to form hybrid polyionic complexes (HPICs) by complexation with gadolinium or europium ions. The properties of the obtained assemblies are evaluated by magnetic relaxivity, fluorescence and light scattering measurements. FindingsThe insertion of VPA units within the PAA block increases the chemical stability of the hybrid micelles by maintaining their integrity even at low pH. This insertion also minimizes the exchange of ions between HPICs and the surrounding medium thanks to a strengthening of interactions toward lanthanide ions. When such systems are used as MRI contrast agents or luminescent probe, 50/50 AA/VPA composition appears to be a good compromise to achieve optimal relaxivity or luminescent properties while ensuring a good chemical stability.

Buffering Volume Change in Solid-State Battery Composite Cathodes with CO2-Derived Block Polycarbonate Ethers.

Polymers designed with a specific combination of electrochemical, mechanical, and chemical properties could help overcome challenges limiting practical all-solid-state batteries for high-performance next-generation energy storage devices. In composite cathodes, comprising active cathode material, inorganic solid electrolyte, and carbon, battery longevity is limited by active particle volume changes occurring on charge/discharge. To overcome this, impractical high pressures are applied to maintain interfacial contact. Herein, block polymers designed to address these issues combine ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and suitable elastomeric mechanical properties, including adhesion. The block polymers have “hard-soft-hard”, ABA, block structures, where the soft “B” block is poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), known to promote ionic conductivity, and the hard “A” block is a CO2-derived polycarbonate, poly(4-vinyl cyclohexene oxide carbonate), which provides mechanical rigidity and enhances oxidative stability. ABA block polymers featuring controllable PEO and polycarbonate lengths are straightforwardly prepared using hydroxyl telechelic PEO as a macroinitiator for CO2/epoxide ring-opening copolymerization and a well-controlled Mg(II)Co(II) catalyst. The influence of block polymer composition upon electrochemical and mechanical properties is investigated, with phosphonic acid functionalities being installed in the polycarbonate domains for adhesive properties. Three lead polymer materials are identified; these materials show an ambient ionic conductivity of 10 –4 S cm–1, lithium-ion transport (tLi+ 0.3–0.62), oxidative stability (>4 V vs Li+/Li), and elastomeric or plastomer properties (G′ 0.1–67 MPa). The best block polymers are used in composite cathodes with LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 active material and Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte–the resulting solid-state batteries demonstrate greater capacity retention than equivalent cells featuring no polymer or commercial polyelectrolytes.

Removal of fluoride from sodium sulfate brine by zirconium pre-loaded chelating resins with amino-methyl phosphonic acid functionality

Fluoride can be removed from brine by loading it onto an aluminum pre-loaded chelating cation exchange resin. In this work, zirconium pre-loaded chelating resin with amino methyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) functional group was investigated and compared with the resin in aluminum pre-loaded form to remove fluoride (<25 mg/L) from sodium sulfate electrodialysis brine solution. With the resin in zirconium pre-loaded form, a series of batch isotherm studies suggested that a change in Na2SO4 brine concentration (6–24 wt%) resulted in a negligible effect on fluoride adsorption. Solution pH in the range of 3–9 was observed to be optimal, and further increase in pH resulted in significant decrease in fluoride loading capacity. Increase in temperature (303−333 K) resulted in lower fluoride loading capacity. Cyclical load-regenerate column studies with zirconium pre-loading solution resin regeneration method showed that a noticeable improvement in the fluoride adsorption was attainable. Notably, for every load-regenerate cycle, fluoride concentration of below 1 mg/L was achieved in effluent. Zirconium concentration in the product solutions were less than 1 mg/L Zr, suggesting that displacement of zirconium from the resin is minimal. This result therefore demonstrated the outstanding stability of zirconium with the AMPA resin.

Polymer-Supported Phosphoric, Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acids-From Synthesis to Properties and Applications in Separation Processes.

Efficient separation technologies are crucial to the environment and world economy. The challenge posed to scientists is how to engineer selectivity towards a targeted substrate, especially from multicomponent solutions. Polymer-supported reagents have gained a lot of attention in this context, as they eliminate a lot of inconveniences concerning widely used solvent extraction techniques. Nevertheless, the choice of an appropriate ligand for immobilization may be derived from the behavior of soluble compounds under solvent extraction conditions. Organophosphorus compounds play a significant role in separation science and technology. The features they possess, such as variable oxidation states, multivalence, asymmetry and metal-binding properties, highlight their status as a unique and versatile class of compounds, capable of selective separations proceeding through different mechanisms. This review provides a detailed survey of polymers containing phosphoric, phosphonic and phosphinic acid functionalities in the side chain and covers main advances in the preparation and application of these materials in separation science, including the most relevant synthesis routes (Arbuzov, Perkow, Mannich, Kabachnik-Fields reactions, etc.), as well as the main stages in the development of organophosphorus resins and the most important achievements in the field.

Phosphonic acid-functionalized poly(amido amine) macromers for biomedical applications.

Novel phosphonic acid-functionalized poly(amido amine) (PAA) macromers are synthesized through aza-Michael addition of 2-aminoethyl phosphonic acid or its mixture with 5-amino-1-pentanol at different ratios onto N,N'-methylene bis(acrylamide) to control the amount of phosphonic acid functionality. The macromers were homo- and copolymerized with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate at different ratios to obtain hydrogels with various hydrophilicities. The hydrogels' swelling, biodegradation and mineralization properties were evaluated. The swelling and degradation rates of the gels can be tuned by the chemical structure of PAA macromer precursors as well as pH and CaCl2 pre-treatment. The hydrogels show composition-dependent mineralization in SBF and 5xSBF, as evidenced from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) analyses. The degradation products of the hydrogels have no effect on U-2 OS, Saos-2 and NIH 3T3 cells, suggesting their cytocompatibility. Overall, these materials have potential to be used as nontoxic degradable biomaterials.

Phosphonate mesoporous hybrid thin films: Synthesis of organophosphosilane by thiol-ene click chemistry and applications in formation and stabilization of silver nanoparticles

Abstract The synthesis of hybrid inorganic organic mesoporous films with pores displaying phosphonic acid functions and their use as template for Ag nanoparticles are presented here. The Photochemical radical thiol – ene addition (PRTEA) was used for the synthesis of organophosphonated thiopropyltrimethoxysilanes with either diethyl allylphosphonate (DEAP) and vinylphosphonic acid (VPA) functionalities, which quantitatively lead to two functionalizing agents with differential reactivities. Phosphonated Hybrid Mesoporous Silica Thin Films with different composition were obtained by incorporating variable amounts of the phosphonated silanes by co-condensation strategy. Structural characterization with electron microscopy, X-ray reflectometry (XRR) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in transmission mode demonstrated the synthesis of ordered mesoporous phases in all tested compositions. The chemical characteristics of the hybrid films were evaluated by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showing the quantitative incorporation of the two silanes. The phosphonic groups present in the hybrid mesoporous silica thin films surface improved the adsorption of Ag (I) ion, acting as complexation sites. Silver nanoparticles (NPs) were afterwards obtained by adsorption/reduction cycles using NaBH4 as reduction agent. The obtained nanocomposites presented well distributed Ag NPs, as demonstrated by electronic microscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy. Moreover, the NPs were highly stable against oxidation when included within the functional oxides, in comparison with the pure oxide counterpart. Both phosphonated functions produced a high Ag (I) and Ag NPs loading, but the different chemistry of the phosphonates had an impact on total loading and stability of the NPs. While the free phosphonic acid presented the largest Ag (I) ion adsorption, higher chemical stability of Ag NPs was achieved for the ester protected phosphonate.

Synthesis and Characterization of Phosphorus- and Carborane-Containing Polyoxanorbornene Block Copolymers.

Grubbs-catalyzed ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of carborane- and phosphonate-containing monomers has been used for the generation of hybrid block copolymers. Molecular weights with Mn of 50,000 g/mol were readily obtained with polydispersity index values, Đ, between 1.03–1.08. Reaction of the phospha ester and carborane substituted oxanorbornene block copolymer with trimethylsilyl bromide led to a new polymer with phosphonic acid functionalities. In application studies, the phospha-carborane functionalized block polymer was tested as heat resistance material. Thermal stability was investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) analysis. Thermal treatment and ceramic yield under air were directly correlated to the carborane content of the block copolymer. However, phosphorus content in the polymer was more crucial for the char residues when heated under nitrogen atmosphere. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) increased as the number of phosphonate functionalities increased. However, corresponding phosphonic acid derivatives featured a lower heat release rate and total heat release. Moreover, the phosphonic acid functionalities of the block copolymer offer efficient chelating capabilities for iron nanoparticles, which is of interest for applications in biomedicine in the future. The complexation with iron oxide nanoparticles was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS).

Phosphonic acid and alkyl phosphate-derivatized resins for the simultaneous concentration and detection of uranium in environmental waters

The objective of this study was to synthesize extractive scintillating resins for the direct, real-time analysis of uranium in neutral pH environmental waters. In the first synthetic approach, a methyl phosphonic acid-derivatized resin was prepared by suspension polymerization to create a matrix containing a covalently bound fluorophore and 4-vinylbenzyl chloride, followed by phosphorylation and hydrolysis to add phosphonic acid functionality. In the second approach, methyl phosphate-derivatized resin was synthesized in a one-step suspension polymerization, resulting in matrix containing a covalently bound fluorophore and ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate ligand. Uranium binding capacity and detection efficiency of the resins were evaluated in pH 4, 6 and 8 simulated ground water and compared. The ability of both resins to detect uranium from neutral pH simulated ground water was evaluated through a Shewart-3σ control statistic applied to real-time data collected in a flow-cell detector. Resins exhibited similar binding capacities (0.18 mmol g−1) and detection efficiencies; however, the methyl phosphate resin concentrated uranium more rapidly from simulated ground water than the phosphonic acid resin. The pH dependence on the volume to detection was interpreted through changes in uranium speciation and binding mechanism supported by computational simulations.

Synthesis and Anti-HIV Activity of Guanine Modified Fluorinated Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonate Derivatives.

The preparation of an unprecedented series of nucleobase modified 3-fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl (FPMP) acyclic nucleosides in both their (R) and (S) enantiomerically pure forms is described. The synthesis focuses on a Mitsunobu alkylation reaction to construct the C-N(9) bond between a chiral fluorinated side-chain residue and 6- or 7-modified guanine analogs. Prodrugs of FPMP-7-deazaguanine were also synthesized by derivatization of the corresponding phosphonic acid functionality with (bis)diamyl aspartate amidate groups, leading to moderate activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).

Synthesis and photopolymerizations of first monomers with phosphonate and bisphosphonate or phosphonic and bisphosphonic acid functionalities for potential dental applications

ABSTRACTThe first monomers containing both phosphonate and bisphosphonate (M1) or phosphonic and bisphosphonic acid (M2) functionalities are synthesized, aiming to improve binding abilities of self‐etching adhesive systems and composites: An amine having both phosphonate and bisphosphonate functionalities is prepared via Michael addition reaction between diethyl (6‐aminohexyl)phosphonate and tetraethyl vinylidene bisphosphonate, its reaction with 2‐isocyanatoethyl methacrylate gives M1 which is converted to M2 by selective dealkylation of the phosphonate/bisphosphonate ester groups. Their copolymerization with commercial dental monomers (bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) investigated by photo‐differential scanning calorimetry shows adequate photopolymerization rate and conversion. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of M2‐treated hydroxyapatite particles show formation of stable M2‐calcium salts. These monomers are assessed to be not toxic according to MTT standards by in vitro cytotoxicity studies with NIH 3T3, U2OS, and Saos‐2 cells. All these properties make these monomers potential candidates as biocompatible components for dental adhesives and composites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2739–2751

Synthesis and characterization of phosphonate and aromatic‐based polynorbornene polymers derived from the ring opening metathesis polymerization method and investigation of their thermal properties

ABSTRACTIn the present study, phosphonate ester, phosphonic acid, and aromatic (phenyl, naphthalene, anthracene) groups containing polymers were synthesized by the ROMP method to analyze thermal properties of these polymers. Thermal stability of the synthesized polymers is tested by thermal gravimetric analysis under nitrogen, air, and microscale combustion calorimetry analysis. Analysis shows that thermal behavior is directly related to the phosphorus level in the copolymer series. All the polymers are thermally stable under nitrogen and air up to 900 °C. Synergistic charring effect under air was observed between aromatic groups and phosphonic acid functionality in the copolymer series. Anthracene units have a greater potential to form carbonaceous char than the naphthalene and phenyl units. Phosphonate ester and naphthalene units bearing copolymers (P3A) gave 8.13% char yield at 900 °C under air. Phosphonic acid derivatives of this polymer, P3D, gave a highest char residue of 17.15% under the same condition. The introduction of phosphonate and phosphonic acid in each copolymer series is also beneficial in reducing the peak heat release rate (PHRR). Cleavage of the phosphonate ester bearing homopolymer (P4) to phosphonic acid (P4A) causes a sharp decrease in the PHRR ratio from 274 to 28.2 W/g. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47085.

Extraction of Heavy Metals from Simulant Citrate Leachate of Sewage Sludge by Ion Exchange

A shortage of natural resources has led to a focus towards the use of sewage sludge as a fertiliser source due to its high phosphate content. One of the main issues with the use of sewage sludge as a fertiliser source is the concentration of heavy metals, particularly copper, lead and zinc. Economical alternatives to regular lixiviants (sulphuric acid, nitric acid, etc.) for the leaching of heavy metals from solids are weak complexing acids. Ion exchange technology offers an effective method for the recovery of these metals from the leachate. This study presents the pH dependence of Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn recovery from citrate media by the ion exchange resins TP214, MTS9100, MTS9570, MTS9301, MTS9501 and C107E. Copper recovery was found to be maximised by the use of either TP214 at a pH of 5 or MTS9301 at a pH of 2. The phosphonic acid functionality containing resins, MTS9570 and MTS9501 were found to be the most effective for the removal of iron at a pH of 2 and 5, respectively. TP214 and MTS9570 show promising results for the recovery of lead, with the caveat of large copper and iron recovery, respectively and MTS9301shows high affinity towards zinc at high pH, although poor separation from copper

Synthesis of new high molecular weight phosphorylated chitosans for improving corrosion protection

Abstract Two grades of chitosan [chitosan 30000 g mol−1 (N-chitosan 30) and 250000 g mol−1 (N-chitosan 250)] were functionalized by the Kabachnik–Fields reaction. To obtain the highest phosphonic ester grafting rate (55% and 40% for the N-chitosan 30 and N-chitosan 250, respectively), the pH must be kept constant during the reaction (pH=5). Then, a partial hydrolysis of the ester functions was carried out in HCl medium to generate phosphonic acid functions up to 25% and 20% for the N-chitosan 30 and N-chitosan 250, respectively. It was shown that the grafting of phosphonic acids on chitosan significantly reduced the dynamic viscosity. Afterwards, electrochemical impedance measurements were performed in an aqueous solution (pH=5) in the presence of either N-chitosans or P-chitosans (3 wt.%). The two native N-chitosans were little adsorbed onto the carbon steel surface and the corrosion protection was low. In contrast, the impedance results in the presence of the 30000 g mol−1 phosphorylated chitosan (P-chitosan 30) evidenced the beneficial effect of grafted phosphonic acid on its adsorption on the steel surface. The lower efficiency of the 250000 g mol−1 (P-chitosan 250) was attributed to its high molecular weight which made difficult the interactions between the phosphonic groups and the metallic surface.

Synthesis and characterization of a novel difluoromethylene phosphonic acid functionalized polymer

ABSTRACTA novel polymer featuring difluoromethylene phosphonic acid functions was prepared by free radical polymerization of a styrene monomer that is decorated by phosphonic ester groups. The obtained polymer was analyzed by gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and spectroscopy (NMR, infrared). Treatment of the polymeric phosphonic ester with Me3SiBr led to an exchange of the ethyl groups by trimethylsilyl units in the P‐containing part of the material. Desilylation to the free phosphonic acid functions was effected by water. The ion exchange capacity was determined to be 7.3 mmol/g by titration with 0.1 M NaOH. The proton conductivity in the anhydrous state was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The conductivity of 1.76 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 120 °C is well comparable with that of Nafion (7.66 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 120 °C), and renders this polymeric phosphonic acid as a promising candidate for proton conduction applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46765.

Grafting of phosphorus flame retardants on flax fabrics: Comparison between two routes

Flax fabrics were modified through two grafting methods in order to improve their flame retardancy. Vinyl phosphonic acid was used to treat flax fabrics via a condensation reaction between phosphonic acid function and flax hydroxyl groups. It was also grafted under radiation conditions taking advantage of its carbon-carbon double bond. Grafting efficiency of each method was assessed by X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of the phosphorus grafting on fire behavior was studied using thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry and a preliminary fire test. In all cases, the diffusion of the phosphorus molecules into the elementary fibers bulk was observed. Phosphorus content reached 1.4 wt% using radiation grafting, leading to self-extinguishing fabrics.

Errata: Development of Biologically Active Compounds on the Basis of Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acid Functionalities.

Errata: Development of Biologically Active Compounds on the Basis of Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acid Functionalities.

Development of Biologically Active Compounds on the Basis of Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acid Functionalities.

Phosphonic and phosphinic acids, especially α-heteroatom-substituted ones, possess unique structural and physical features which enable them to act as hydrotically stable analogs to biological phosphates in biological processes. They also act as mimetics in the transition state of the protease-induced hydrolysis of dipeptides. The first half of this review focuses on selected new synthetic methods developed by our research group for the stereoselective synthesis of α-heteroatom-substituted phosphonic and phosphinic acid derivatives, including modified nucleotide analogs and phosphinyl dipeptide isosteres. In the latter half, this review summarizes the utility of difluoromethylenephosphonic acids and phosphonic acid esters in the development of enzyme inhibitors against protein tyrosine phosphatases, sphingomyelinases, purine nucleoside phosphorylases and thrombin. The enzyme inhibitors developed were used as probes to elucidate signal transductions and the mechanisms of enzyme actions. The findings of the studies are briefly described.

Expanding the Antiviral Spectrum of 3-Fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates: Diamyl Aspartate Amidate Prodrugs.

Acyclic nucleosides containing a 3-fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl (FPMP) side chain are known to be moderately potent antihuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agents, while being completely devoid of antiviral activity against a wide range of DNA viruses. The derivatization of the phosphonic acid functionality of FPMPs with a diamyl aspartate phenoxyamidate group led to a novel generation of compounds that not only demonstrate drastically improved antiretroviral potency but also are characterized by an expanded spectrum of activity that also covers hepatitis B and herpes viruses. The best compound, the (S)-FPMPA amidate prodrug, exerts anti-HIV-1 activity in TZM-bl and peripheral blood mononuclear cells at low nanomolar concentrations and displays excellent potency against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). This prodrug is stable in acid and human plasma media, but it is efficiently processed in human liver microsomes with a half-life of 2 min. The (R) isomeric guanine derivative emerged as a selectively active anti-HIV and anti-HBV inhibitor, while being nontoxic to human hepatoblastoma cells. Notably, the pyrimidine containing prodrug (S)-Asp-FPMPC is the only congener within this series to demonstrate micromolar antihuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) potency.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Containing Phosphonic Acid as Anticorrosion Coating for Steel.

Vinylidene fluoride (VDF)-based copolymers bearing pendant phosphonic acid function for potential application as anticorrosion coatings were synthesized via free radical copolymerization of VDF with a new phosphorus containing 2-trifluoromethacrylate monomer, (dimethoxyphosphoryl)methyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylate (MAF-DMP). MAF-DMP was prepared from 2-trifluoromethacrylic acid in 60% overall yield. Radical copolymerizations of VDF with MAF-DMP initiated by tert-amyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate at varying ([VDF]0/[MAF-DMP]0) feed ratios led to several poly(VDF-co-MAF-DMP) copolymers having different molar percentages of VDF (79-96%) and number-average molecular weights (Mn's) up to ca. 10 000 g mol-1 in fair yields (47-53%). Determination of the composition and microstructure of all the synthesized copolymers was done by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopies. The monomer reactivity ratios of this new VDF/MAF-DMP pair were also determined (rVDF = 0.76 ± 0.34 and rMAF-DMP = 0 at 74 °C). The resulting poly(VDF-co-MAF-DMP) copolymers exhibited high melting temperature (162-171 °C, with respect to the VDF content), and the degree of crystallinity reached up to 51%. Finally, the pendant dimethyl phosphonate ester groups of the synthesized poly(VDF-co-MAF-DMP) copolymer were quantitatively hydrolyzed, giving rise to novel phosphonic acid-functionalized PVDF (PVDF-PA). In comparison to hydrophobic poly(VDF-co-MAF-DMP) copolymers (the water contact angle, WCA, was 98°), the hydrophilic character of the PVDF-PA was found to be surprisingly rather pronounced, exhibiting low WCA (15°). Finally, steel plates coated with PVDF-PA displayed satisfactory anticorrosion properties under simulated seawater environment.