Abstract
Efficient separation technologies are crucial to the environment and world economy. The challenge posed to scientists is how to engineer selectivity towards a targeted substrate, especially from multicomponent solutions. Polymer-supported reagents have gained a lot of attention in this context, as they eliminate a lot of inconveniences concerning widely used solvent extraction techniques. Nevertheless, the choice of an appropriate ligand for immobilization may be derived from the behavior of soluble compounds under solvent extraction conditions. Organophosphorus compounds play a significant role in separation science and technology. The features they possess, such as variable oxidation states, multivalence, asymmetry and metal-binding properties, highlight their status as a unique and versatile class of compounds, capable of selective separations proceeding through different mechanisms. This review provides a detailed survey of polymers containing phosphoric, phosphonic and phosphinic acid functionalities in the side chain and covers main advances in the preparation and application of these materials in separation science, including the most relevant synthesis routes (Arbuzov, Perkow, Mannich, Kabachnik-Fields reactions, etc.), as well as the main stages in the development of organophosphorus resins and the most important achievements in the field.
Highlights
Beside the ubiquitous role they serve in nature, phosphorus-containing compounds have found use in numerous fields, especially chemistry and biochemistry [1]
In the last few decades we could observe an increasing attention to organophosphorus polymers, which is undoubtedly associated with their important role in science and technology
This article provides an overview of polymers containing phosphoric, phosphonic and phosphinic functional groups in the side chain, collecting the most relevant synthesis routes and properties which enable these three groups of materials to be applied in separation processes
Summary
Beside the ubiquitous role they serve in nature, phosphorus-containing compounds have found use in numerous fields, especially chemistry and biochemistry [1]. The polymer chemistry of phosphorus is based mostly on compounds possessing stable C-P bonds or ones that are inorganic acids—e.g., phosphonic (R-P(O)(OH)2 ), phosphoric (R-O-P(O)(OH)2 ) and phosphinic (R-P(H)(O)(OH)) acid or their derivatives [2]. Synthesis to Applications edited by Monge and David [5], as it covers the development and application of phosphorus-containing polymers in diversified areas—i.a., the biomedical field, anticorrosion compounds, flame retardancy, removal of metal ions from wastewater, etc. This article provides an overview of polymers containing phosphoric, phosphonic and phosphinic functional groups in the side chain, collecting the most relevant synthesis routes and properties which enable these three groups of materials to be applied in separation processes. Brief historical background—the main stages in the development of the organophosphorus resins have been presented
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