Phonetic Methods Research Articles

ANALISIS KESALAHAN FONOLOGI DALAM KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA BAHASA ARAB DI PONDOK PESANTREN PUTRI DAARUL FIKRI MALANG

This research focuses on the analysis of phonological errors in Arabic speaking abilities at the Daarul Fikri Malang Islamic Boarding School for Girls. The research method applied is qualitative descriptive, meaning that the search for facts is conducted through the interpretation of the data found, with the approach being a language error analysis approach to identify and elaborate on the phonological errors that arise in the mastery of speaking Arabic at the Daarul Fikri Malang Islamic Boarding School for Girls. In this research, the researcher used data collection techniques such as observation, documentation, and interviews. The analysis results indicate that 1.) Some types of phonological errors such as a. letter substitution b. letter addition c. letter deletion. 2.) The causes of phonological errors are a. language interference b. differences in phonological systems c. differences in educational backgrounds d. lack of practice in speaking Arabic. 3.) Proposed solutions include a. ishlahul lughoh for language correction b. and the provision of special intensive classes for learning ashwat using phonetic methods and mim-mem methods to improve speaking skills.

Characteristics of Chinese translation of drug names in advertisements

In recent years, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, cooperation among countries in the medical field has become increasingly important. Cooperation continues to develop, and more and more foreign products are appearing in the pharmaceutical market. This has led to an increasing interest in changing drug names to another language, especially Chinese. This article analyzes four methods for translating traditional Chinese medicine terminology in advertising: phonetic method, semantic method, hybrid method, and semantic method, while considering the particularity of traditional Chinese medicine. The research object is the particularity of translating foreign medical terms into Chinese. This article aims to analyze the methods of translating medical terminology into Chinese. In addition, a new translation method – a semantic approach with the particularity of traditional Chinese medicine – has been proposed. The research materials include medical terms and their Chinese translations. This article provides an example of a method for translating medical terminology into Chinese and proposes a new method for translating medical terminology – a semantic approach that takes into account the unique characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine.People have found that names translated using phonetic methods are usually associated with Latin words. When using semantic methods, select these hieroglyphs to indicate the exact action of the drug. The use of hybrid methods to translate drug names not only preserves the sound of the original language, but also includes information about the usefulness of the product. When translating into Chinese, English words with traditional Chinese medicine characteristics are usually added. When translating European drug names, considering the particularity of traditional Chinese medicine, the reality of Chinese language and culture is often added to make the operation of drugs easier for consumers to understand. Translation is usually supported through visualization, which refers to Chinese idioms and traditional cultural images.

Цифровизация китайских иероглифов: классификация способов ввода и предпочтения пользователей

The aim of the study is to classify the ways of inputting Chinese characters on digital devices. The paper considers the digitalization aspect of Chinese character writing and describes the structural, phonetic and special ways of inputting Chinese characters on phones and computers. The scientific novelty of the study lies in identifying the one-step input units for each input method and establishing the percentage of users choosing different ways of inputting characters on digital devices. As a result, the study found that there are several ways of inputting Chinese characters on digital devices: 1) phonetic methods (input using the pinyin transcription, input using the full pinyin transcription, the double pinyin method, zhuin or bopomofo); 2) structural methods (keyed input, сangjie input, five traits ubi input, four corners input); 3) special methods (handwritten input, voice input), each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The research provides an example of inputting the two-syllable word 汉语 “the Chinese language” on digital devices using different input methods.

IMPLEMENTASI METODE FONETIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MAHARAH ISTIMA’ DAN KALAM UNTUK PEBELAJAR TINGKAT PEMULA

One of the problems of students' lack of kalam and qiroah abilities is the lack of teaching methods used by coaches. For example, many teachers still use the lecture method in teaching any maharah. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify and provide alternative learning methods, especially for maharah kalam and istima`. This study aims to find out the steps for using the phonetic method in learning maharah istima' and kalam for beginners. This research is a library research using a qualitative descriptive approach. With the Maharah Kalam and Istima` learning phonetic methods for the beginner level, the focus is on repetition and pronunciation of phonemes properly and correctly. The phonetic method begins with practicing distinguishing Arabic phonemes, namely hijaiyah letters, then continues with distinguishing words or mufrodat that are similar in pronunciation. Pronunciation with good makhraj and intonation needs to be continuously guarded so that learning has a high success rate.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ АКТУАЛІЗАЦІЇ СЕМАНТИЧНОЇ КОМПРЕСІЇ У ПОПУЛЯРНИХ АНГЛОМОВНИХ ТОК ШОУ

The article deals with the analysis of semantic compression application in popular English talk shows. The purpose of this paper is to define language compression, to outline the expediency of its use in English media discourse, to name ways of compression implementation in popular talk shows and to consider the level of influence of principle of linguistic efforts economy on achieving communicative goals between interlocutors. Basic information on the concept of linguistic compression and features of its use at different language levels, in particular phonetic, morphological, lexical, semantic and syntactic is presented. Linguistic compression is used in oral and written discourse, in formal and informal texts. The text gives valuable information on the structure and characteristics of media discourse, its grammatical, lexical and phonetic features. The article focuses on a detailed analysis of the main linguistic means that serve to reduce the symbolic structure of language, which leads to the brevity of expression, contains the data on key properties of linguistic compression that help make the text more concise. Special attention is paid to the phonetic methods of linguistic compression in English talk shows: it is manifested through such means as reduction, assimilation, loss, fusion and other processes. Among the syntactic means of compression, such methods used for linguistic efforts economy as contamination, segmentation and parceling, ellipse, univerbation, abbreviation, composite words, inclusion and use of foreign words or components are analyzed. The article points out the importance of adequate transfer of information with preservation of expressive nuances and observance of stylistic language norms. The article is of interest for further researches on the topic of linguistic efforts economy in oral and written speech styles, can be used in researches in linguistics, lexicology, phonetics.

A review about the application of phonetic methods in deciding the jaws relation of complete denture.

Speech could be used, because it was a neuromuscular movement without teeth contact. The method was stable, however it was used more in vertical relation deciding. More study was needed in the horizontal relation deciding. This article was to explain why and how to use phonetic method to decide jaws relation, through literature review.

Models of Nomenclature Clichés for the Translation of Bus Stop Names

The preservation and expansion of the functioning sphere of the national languages of Russia is a requirement of modern times. Translation plays an important role in this, while, due to systemic discrepancies, literary and customary norms of the language occupy a dominant role. Translation is highly developed in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), works of oral folk art, fiction, some texts of the official business style are being translated, and the theoretical foundations of translation are being developed. Nevertheless, microtoponyms as an object of study of the private theory of Russian-Yakut translation have not been sufficiently studied, which determined the aim of the current study — the analysis of the phonetic, lexical and grammatical features of the models for creating nomenclature clichés in the modern Yakut language based on the materials of the translation of bus stops into the Yakut language. The work is an attempt, for the first time, to consider models for translating microtoponyms, in particular, the names of bus stops. The subject of the study was deliberately chosen: when sound accompaniment in the Yakut language was introduced in the capital’s transport routes, the public was outraged at the quality of the translation of the names of bus stops, which determined its editing. The material is the second translation, made by staff at the Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, edited by teachers of the department of stylistics of the Yakut language and Russian-Yakut translation of the NEFU named after M. K. Ammosov. The methods of continuous sampling, comparative and descriptive methods were used. The names of bus stops reflect important information about the history and culture of the locality. The stops in Yakutsk are named according to the objects in close proximity to the stops: territorial zones, streets, less often historical events and dates. The analysis has shown that the translation of bus stops names is primarily aimed at an easy perception by the recipient. Phonetic methods of translation are present: transliteration and transcription in combination with equivalent substitution, addition, amplification; lexical ones are represented by equivalent and adequate substitutions, tracing, concretization, generalization, addition, amplification and explication; grammatical — by permutation and replacement.

Phonetic Methods on The Early Reading Ability of Student with Intellectual Disability

Abstract: Influence phonetic method the Early Reading Ability of Intellectual Student with a disability. The study aims to determine the influence of the phonetic method on the Early Reading Ability of Students with Intellectual a disability. The research is a quantitative research approach to Single Subject Research (SSR). The results of the study indicate that there is an influence on the phonetic method of the Early Reading Ability of Students with Intellectual Disability

Restabelecimento das relações intermaxilares por meio de prótese total convencional

The intermaxillary relations refer to the position of the mandible in relation to the maxilla in the vertical and horizontal planes, being the occlusion vertical dimension (OVD) and the centric relation (CR) essential in the treatment with complete dentures. This article reports a case of reestablishing intermaxillary relations with conventional complete dentures (CCD).A 82-year-old male patient sought care to replace his complete dentures due to dissatisfaction with the aesthetics and chewing function. After anamnesis and extra and intraoral exams, it was found that the current complete dentures showed large wear of the teeth, causing decreased OVD, aesthetic, and masticatory damage. The edges had satisfactory conditions for CCD rehabilitation. From the anatomical impressions of edges were obtained study models for making individual trays, later used for functional impression and obtaining the working models, on which were made wax plans. After adjustment of the upper wax plane and registration of the facial arch, the upper model was mounted on the semi-adjustable articulator. For the determination of the OVD, metric, physiological, aesthetic, and phonetic methods were used, and for the determination of CR, manipulation and physiological methods were used. The inferior model was assembled after determination of intermaxillary relations. Teeth were selected and mounted. In the aesthetic and functional testing of the teeth, occlusion, OVD, and esthetics were restored. The dentures were polymerized and installed. In proservations, the patient reported improvement in chewing, aesthetics, and phonetic. It was concluded that the reestablishment of intermaxillary relations contributed to aesthetic, masticatory, and phonetic rehabilitation.

Методика формування вокально-джазової культури підлітків на заняттях з естрадного співу

The importance of the development of individual’s general culture as a factor of his / her harmonious education stipulates the relevance of the study. The purpose of the article is to describe the methods enabling the formation of teen-agers’ vocal and jazz culture at classes on pop singing (in musical schools and during extra-class activities in institutions of general secondary education). Methods of systematization and generalization of scientific sources, theoretical modelling, pedagogical experiment and so on have been used to achieve this goal. The scientific approaches (systemic-structural, personality-developmental, activity-oriented, competence-based, cultural ones) and didactic principles facilitating the formation of the vocal and jazz culture (the principles of systematicity, visual aids, unity of artistic-emotional, technical and complex development of the vocal and jazz culture) have been determined. The stages (motivational-stimulating, cognitive-developmental, performing-creative) as well as pedagogical conditions for the formation of the teen-agers’ vocal and jazz culture have been outlined: construction of educational process taking into account the children’s capabilities to perceive vocal and jazz music; systematic complex development of all the components of the vocal and jazz culture consistently emphasizing them at different stages of the training; giving the opportunities for vocal and creative self-realization, diversification of the experience of jazz musical performing activities. General vocal and pedagogical methods have been revealed to be the leading ones (concentric, search-oriented, phonetic, imaginary or internal singing methods, comparative analysis); special methods enabling the formation of the teen-agers’ vocal and jazz culture have been determined: “a listening-jazz collecting box”, technical vocal and jazz exercises, creative vocal and jazz drills, etc. The experimental verification of the developed methodology has proved its effectiveness at classes on singing variety music at establishments of general secondary education. Keywords: teen-agers’ vocal and jazz culture, developing methods, scientific approaches and didactic principles, stages, pedagogical conditions and methods, classes on vocal and jazz singing.

Sound recording as one of the techniques of language playing in the works of the writer K.I. Chukovsky.

 As is well known, an artistic text is a complex structure of elements that are diversely related and differ in their qualities. All these elements, which form informational and communicative qualities, «work»directly on the content plan. Identifying the linguistic-stylistic features of a work of art contributes to adeeper insight into the content of the work of art. The relevance of the research is connected with the increased interest of modern linguistics to the issues of speech organization of an artistic text. The purposeof this article is to identify the leading techniques of speech imagery in children’s works K.I. Chukovsky,acting as style-forming and text-forming components, as well as a means of creating a language game.Despite the natural limitations of the phonetic methods of lingual game, however, K.I. Chukovskyskillfully uses all the potentials of the phonetic structure of the Russian language, leading to a lingualgame. In the process of linguistic stylistic analysis, various phonetic techniques of expressiveness wererevealed: alliteration, assonation, epiphora, anaphora, onomatopei. The use of this arsenal of pictorialand expressive means makes the language of the works of K.I. Chukovsky emotional, easily remembered,understandable for readers, gives him texts dynamics and expressiveness. The study is significant in thatit solves questions of the modern theory of linguistics, questions of linguistic and stylistic analysis of thepoetic text, identifies ways to create a language game in children’s works. The results can be appliedto further theoretical studies in the field of linguistic stylistics, as well as in the teaching of disciplinesrelated to.&nbsp

The aprosody of schizophrenia: Computationally derived acoustic phonetic underpinnings of monotone speech

ObjectiveAcoustic phonetic methods are useful in examining some symptoms of schizophrenia; we used such methods to understand the underpinnings of aprosody. We hypothesized that, compared to controls and patients without clinically rated aprosody, patients with aprosody would exhibit reduced variability in: pitch (F0), jaw/mouth opening and tongue height (formant F1), tongue front/back position and/or lip rounding (formant F2), and intensity/loudness. MethodsAudiorecorded speech was obtained from 98 patients (including 25 with clinically rated aprosody and 29 without) and 102 unaffected controls using five tasks: one describing a drawing, two based on spontaneous speech elicited through a question (Tasks 2 and 3), and two based on reading prose excerpts (Tasks 4 and 5). We compared groups on variation in pitch (F0), formant F1 and F2, and intensity/loudness. ResultsRegarding pitch variation, patients with aprosody differed significantly from controls in Task 5 in both unadjusted tests and those adjusted for sociodemographics. For the standard deviation (SD) of F1, no significant differences were found in adjusted tests. Regarding SD of F2, patients with aprosody had lower values than controls in Task 3, 4, and 5. For variation in intensity/loudness, patients with aprosody had lower values than patients without aprosody and controls across the five tasks. ConclusionsFindings could represent a step toward developing new methods for measuring and tracking the severity of this specific negative symptom using acoustic phonetic parameters; such work is relevant to other psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Taxamatch, an algorithm for near ('fuzzy') matching of scientific names in taxonomic databases.

Misspellings of organism scientific names create barriers to optimal storage and organization of biological data, reconciliation of data stored under different spelling variants of the same name, and appropriate responses from user queries to taxonomic data systems. This study presents an analysis of the nature of the problem from first principles, reviews some available algorithmic approaches, and describes Taxamatch, an improved name matching solution for this information domain. Taxamatch employs a custom Modified Damerau-Levenshtein Distance algorithm in tandem with a phonetic algorithm, together with a rule-based approach incorporating a suite of heuristic filters, to produce improved levels of recall, precision and execution time over the existing dynamic programming algorithms n-grams (as bigrams and trigrams) and standard edit distance. Although entirely phonetic methods are faster than Taxamatch, they are inferior in the area of recall since many real-world errors are non-phonetic in nature. Excellent performance of Taxamatch (as recall, precision and execution time) is demonstrated against a reference database of over 465,000 genus names and 1.6 million species names, as well as against a range of error types as present at both genus and species levels in three sets of sample data for species and four for genera alone. An ancillary authority matching component is included which can be used both for misspelled names and for otherwise matching names where the associated cited authorities are not identical.

Getting Lost in Cities: Spatial Patterns of Phonetically Confusing Street Names

AbstractA large street network is likely to contain duplicated or similar sounding street names. These conflicts can cause confusion in communication between people or in machine‐human interaction. Municipal authorities have begun to see the importance of uncovering these existing street name conflicts and mitigating future ones, for improved record keeping, emergency response, etc. However the commonly used Soundex phonetic algorithm is generally considered to produce poor similarity results in terms of uncovering street name conflicts. This study reports on a new fusion algorithm that combines phonetic methods and approximate string matching for street names, weighted by street type suffix (Avenue, Boulevard, Court, etc.), to quantitatively measure the collision/confusion potential presented by a pair of streets. This algorithm is then applied to the entire street network in Greater Melbourne, Australia, and the pattern of collisions at various spatial scales, and within municipalities, is mapped. The goal of this work is to produce better tools that can aid policy makers, administrators and industries dealing with location‐based services to make better decisions when assigning and disambiguating street names.

Design and Development of a Prosody Generator for Arabic TTS Systems

Prosody modeling has become the backbone of TTS synthesis systems. Amongst all the prosodic modeling approaches, phonetic methods aiming to predict duration and F0 contour are being very praised, thanks to the development of regression tools, such as neural networks (NN). Besides, parametric representations like Fujisaki model for F0 contour generation help to reduce the problem into the approximation of parameters only. But, prior to the prediction process, text analysis should be carried out first, to select and encode the necessary input features. In our purpose to promote Arabic TTS synthesis, an Integrated Model of Arabic Prosody for Speech Synthesis (IMAPSS) tool has been designed to integrate our developed models for text analysis, NN-based phonemic duration prediction and Fujisaki-inspired F0 contour. Hence, the yielding parameters provide a command file to be read by speech synthesis systems, like MBROLA. General Terms Signal processing, Speech synthesis, Prosody, Neural Networks.

Recognition of voice commands using adaptation of foreign language speech recognizer via selection of phonetic transcriptions

Abstract In recent years various commercial speech recognizers have become available. These recognizers provide the possibility to develop applications incorporating various speech recognition techniques easily and quickly. All of these commercial recognizers are typically targeted to widely spoken languages having large market potential; however, it may be possible to adapt available commercial recognizers for use in environments where less widely spoken languages are used. Since most commercial recognition engines are closed systems the single avenue for the adaptation is to try set ways for the selection of proper phonetic transcription methods between the two languages. This paper deals with the methods to find the phonetic transcriptions for Lithuanian voice commands to be recognized using English speech engines. The experimental evaluation showed that it is possible to find phonetic transcriptions that will enable the recognition of Lithuanian voice commands with recognition accuracy of over 90%.

Design and Development of a Prosody Generator for Arabic TTS Systems

Prosody modeling has become the backbone of TTS synthesis systems. Amongst all the prosodic modeling approaches, phonetic methods aiming to predict duration and F0 contour are being very praised, thanks to the development of regression tools, such as neural networks (NN). Besides, parametric representations like Fujisaki model for F0 contour generation help to reduce the problem into the approximation of parameters only. But, prior to the prediction process, text analysis should be carried out first, to select and encode the necessary input features. In our purpose to promote Arabic TTS synthesis, an Integrated Model of Arabic Prosody for Speech Synthesis (IMAPSS) tool has been designed to integrate our developed models for text analysis, NN-based phonemic duration prediction and Fujisaki-inspired F0 contour. Hence, the yielding parameters provide a command file to be read by speech synthesis systems, like MBROLA. General Terms Signal processing, Speech synthesis, Prosody, Neural Networks.

Teaching & Learning Guide for: Loose Lips and Silver Tongues, or, Projecting Sexual Orientation Through Speech

Teaching & Learning Guide for: Loose Lips and Silver Tongues, or, Projecting Sexual Orientation Through Speech

Prominence in Indonesian Stress, phrases, and boundaries

Many (Western) languages have word-based stress, which entails that one, predictable syllable per word is more prominent than all the other syllables in that word. Some linguists claim that such stresses also occur in Indonesian. In this article, we set out to investigate that claim using experimental, phonetic methods. The results confirm our hypothesis that Indonesian lacks word-based stress. Yet, we do observe some kind of prominence pattern. In the last part of this article, we search for the phonological phenomenon that generates this pattern, exploring the level of the phrase to see whether phrasal accents or boundary markers are likely candidates.

A fascinating personage in the history of phonetics: The phonetics and the politics of Elise Richter

Elise Richter (1865-1943) was the first woman lecturer or professor in Austria or Germany, and she was also an experimental phonetician and even an experimental phonologist. Richter's career was delayed by the roles allowed for women at the time, and the end of her career, and her life, came about through the Nazis' policies toward Jews. Richter began her scientific work in Romance philology, but decided to seek explanations for historical sound change in phonetics. This led her to a productive career in experimental phonetics, and she even applied phonetic methods to study questions of phonological structure. Richter was a leader in exploring new methods and bringing together questions across widely differing fields. Although her specific experimental findings were superseded with time, Richter's refusal to be constrained by the limits of a field led her to ideas that have become current in phonetics just recently. In addition to her scientific career, Richter was politically active, both in working to expand women's opportunities and in general politics. This poster presents a new perspective on Richter's contributions to phonetics and on her view of feminism. Furthermore, it makes new observations of a parallel between Richter's political activities and her scientific work.