Phone Application Research Articles

Validation of the Amharic version of perceived access to healthcare services for patients with cervical cancer in Ethiopia: A second-order confirmatory factor analysis.

Accessing healthcare services is a multifaceted phenomenon involving various elements, encompassing the demand, identification, reach, and utilization of healthcare needs. The literature offers methods for capturing patients' perceptions of healthcare access. However, to accurately measure patient perceptions, it is imperative to ensure the validity and reliability of such instruments by designing and implementing localized language versions. The primary aim of this study was to validate the Amharic version of the perceived access to health-care services among patients diagnosed with cervical cancer in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among cervical cancer patients at oncology centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A consecutive sampling approach was used and data collection took place from January 1 to March 30, 2023. Following initial validation and pretesting, a KoboCollect mobile phone application was employed for data collection. Subsequently, the collected data underwent cleaning in Microsoft Excel and analysis through Amos software v.26 and R programming. Various validity and reliability tests, such as content validity, convergent validity, face validity, divergent validity, known-group validity, and reliability tests, were executed. A second-order confirmatory factor analysis was developed to calculate incremental model fit indices, including CFI and TLI, along with absolute measures, namely SRMR and RMSEA. A total of 308 participants were involved in the study, with 202 (65.6%) being patients referred from outside Addis Ababa. The initial evaluation of content validity by expert panels indicated that all criteria were met, with a CVR range of 0.5 to 1, I-CVI values ranging from 0.75 to 1, an S-CVI value of 0.91, and face validity values ranging from 2.4 to 4.8. The internal consistency of items within the final constructs varied from 0.76 to 0.93. Convergent, known-group, and most divergent validity tests fell within acceptable fit ranges. Common incremental fit measures for CFI and TLI were achieved with corresponding values of 0.95 and 0.94, respectively. The absolute fit measures of SRMR and RMSEA were 0.04 and 0.07, indicating good and moderate fit, respectively. The study indicated a high internal consistency and validity of items with good fit to the data, suggesting potential accuracy of the domains. A five-domain structure was developed which enables adequate assessment of perceived access to health-care services of patients with cervical cancer in Ethiopia. We suggest that the tool can be utilized in other patient populations with a consideration of additional constructs, such as geographic accessibility.

SOLAR SAVIOUR: AN ARDUINO-BASED FIREFIGHTING VEHICLE

This paper presents the design and development of an innovative fire-fighting vehicle named "Solar Savior," integrating advanced technologies for efficient fire management and autonomous operation, is the subject of this study. The vehicle's real-time flame detection and autonomous navigation are powered by an Arduino microcontroller. Leveraging Bluetooth communication, a dedicated mobile phone application enables remote control, allowing safe operation in hazardous environments. The device allows for quick action when it detects flames by activating a water pump, sounding an alarm, and sending alerts to the control app. To gather sustainable energy and lessen dependency on outside power sources, Solar Savior also has solar panels. This increases operational efficiency. This work shows how to construct firefighting vehicles in an unconventional manner by combining autonomous capabilities with the incorporation of renewable energy sources for increased sustainability and safety. Key Words: Arduino, Bluetooth-communication, Remote-controlled, Mobile application, Renewable Energy, Fire Sensors.

Experience in building and utilizing a Coastal Environmental Quality Index through a mobile phone application (ICALi) with High Schools and Social Organizations

Experience in building and utilizing a Coastal Environmental Quality Index through a mobile phone application (ICALi) with High Schools and Social Organizations

Abstract PS02-08: The Effect of a Digital Health Coaching Program on Patient Reported Outcomes of Women with Breast Cancer

Abstract Background Understanding the impact of a digital health coaching (DHC) program on patient-reported outcomes in women with breast cancer is imperative as web-based platforms and mobile phone applications to address health care needs flood the marketplace. This study evaluated the effect of a DHC program on patient-reported outcomes, including global health (primary outcome), symptom burden, quality of life, healthcare utilization, and financial toxicity among women undergoing active treatment for breast cancer. Methods English-speaking adult women undergoing active treatment for breast cancer were randomized to receive usual care or a 6-month DHC program, consisting of weekly telephone calls from a Health Advisor, unlimited patient-initiated communication via phone, text, or email, and digital delivery of additional health-behavior content. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were collected using validated measures at baseline, and 1, 3, and 6 months. Summary statistics were used to describe participant characteristics. Linear mixed models were used to assess the effect of the intervention on outcomes. Results Participants (n=254, planned enrollment=440) were enrolled from August 2019 to December 2022 and randomized equally to the control and intervention groups (n=127 each). Demographic data are presented in Table 1. Participants had a mean age of 48 (SD =10.15) years; 74% were White; 19.7% were Hispanic. In both groups, several PRO scores changed over time with some improving (quality of life and symptom severity) and others worsening (symptom interference and financial toxicity) compared to baseline (time effects). Of those enrolled in the intervention group 69% were retained in the DHC program, with an overall average of 4.6 months of engagement for all participants. There were no significant group (intervention versus control) effects or group by time interaction effects observed. Trends within and between groups are presented in Table 2. Though not statistically significant, there were fewer ER visits in the intervention group at each timepoint. Conclusions: While differential improvements in the DHC group were not observed, interesting trends in PROs over the 6-month enrollment period were observed in both groups. Participants reported improvements in quality of life and worsening of financial toxicity. Interestingly, slight improvements in symptom severity over time were observed in both groups while symptom interference worsened. Potential reasons for failure to detect a treatment effect for DHC may include ineffectiveness of DHC on the selected outcomes, the intervention not being strong enough as currently delivered to detect a treatment effect, varying uptake of DHC in the intervention group, heterogeneity of the sample, or the study being underpowered due to COVID restrictions affecting enrollment. Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population (n = 254) Table 2. Trends in Patient Reported Outcomes and Healthcare Utilization Citation Format: Meagan Whisenant, Eileen Hacker, Loretta Williams, Joyce Dains, Bryan Fellman, Trinity Isaac, Valerie Shelton, Austin Barr, Carolyn Harty, Mazi Rasulnia, Kelly Brassil. The Effect of a Digital Health Coaching Program on Patient Reported Outcomes of Women with Breast Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PS02-08.

Characteristics of cadence during continuous walking in daily life

Despite the acknowledged relationship between the usual (preferred) walking speed (UWS) and health, there is currently no practical method available to reliably and accurately detect slight changes in UWS. This study aimed to explore whether either of the following two phenomena occurs during continuous daily walking in various periods: (a) Similarity between the most frequent cadences in the two periods. (b) The occurrence of the most frequent cadence in at least one of the two periods during the other period, with a frequency close to that of the most frequent cadence. In August 2021, invitations to participate in the study were extended via email to participants that took part in the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Surveys (JACSIS). A mobile phone application that collected step data during continuous walking was provided to the participants, and data were collected from December 1, 2021, to January 31, 2022. While 1022 participants installed the phone application, only 505 had measurement data for ten days or more in each of the two months of the study duration. The cadence during continuous walking was automatically measured daily from 05:00 to 21:00. Most participants exhibited at least one of the phenomena mentioned above, confirming a common, notably frequent, invariant cadence over time. Overall, this method allows for the identification of minor reductions and lower bounds of decline in UWS. This study illustrates the potential for tracking a decreasing trend in UWS. Early detection of a downward trend permits individuals to take timely remedial action, as recovery is relatively easy, and the confirmation of even a slight recovery bolsters recovery motivation.

Localizing somatic symptoms associated with childhood maltreatment

Childhood maltreatment has been linked to adult somatic symptoms, although this has rarely been examined in daily life. Furthermore, the localization of somatization associated with childhood maltreatment and its subtypes is unknown. This large-scale experience sampling study used body maps to examine the relationships between childhood maltreatment, its subtypes, and the intensity and location of negative somatic sensations in daily life. Participants (N = 2,234; 33% female and 67% male) were part of MyBPLab 2.0, a study conducted using a bespoke mobile phone application. Four categories of childhood maltreatment (emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, and physical neglect) were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Using gender-matched human silhouettes, participants indicated the location and intensity of feelings of negative activation in the body. Childhood maltreatment generally and its four measured subtypes were all positively associated with heightened negative activation on both the front and back body maps. For females, total childhood maltreatment was associated with negative activation in the abdomen and lower back, while for males, the association was localized to the lower back. Similarly, each of the four subscales had localized associations with negative activation in the abdomen and lower back in females and lower back in males, except for emotional abuse, which was also associated with negative activation in the abdomen in males. These associations likely reflect increased somatization in individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment, suggesting a role for psychotherapeutic interventions in alleviating associated distress.

Reliability of an Android Based Free Application for Assessment of Hearing Loss in Adults.

Hearing loss is an important health care concern. Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) is considered Gold Standard for audiometric evaluations though, there exist a huge variance between the demand and the actual services available. As smartphones are mobile, applications are upgradable, results are reproducible, the mobile applications may offer a good screening tool, especially in remote areas.There are many smartphone-based hearing applications which are already in use. However, effectiveness of such applications needs to be validated. To evaluate the reliability of 'Hearing Test' a phone application against PTA for assessment of hearing thresholds in adults. We conducted a diagnostic study on a heterogenous group of 250 individuals irrespective of their hearing levels. The hearing thresholds for both ears were measured by PTA and phone app and then compared statistically. The agreement between the methods were statistically significant with respect to diagnosing hearing loss and the degree of hearing loss. Though, PTA remains Gold Standard for hearing evaluation but freely available, highlyreproducible & specific 'Hearing Test' application could be used as a screening tool in remote areasand may help bridging the gap between the requirement and availability of diagnostic audiometric services.

Home Automation Using Raspberry Pico Through Voice Control

Wireless Voice-Controlled Automation of the Home Based on internet, Bluetooth, and wi-fi, this project integrates a mobile phone (application) with an integrated system to provide the elderly and disabled with the ability to fully control their home utilities using voice commands on their phone. The non-technical individual will find it easy to carry, install, configure, run, and maintain this device due to its design. Connecting specific electrical equipment that are used in a home is known as home automation. Keywords- Raspberry, Micro controller.

The Where, When, and How of Diversity: How Space, Time, and Incomes Configure the Racial-Ethnic Composition of Networks

This article investigates the relationship between income and the diversity of sociospatial networks as described by high-density mobile phone application (MPA) Global Positioning System data. Looking at the counties that contain the Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, and Los Angeles metropolitan regions in August and September 2022, this study asks the following questions: How does the racial-ethnic diversity and spatial extent of network of activity space-times—the place and time of daily activities—vary across different income levels? Given the existing literature, are more diverse networks composed of higher income classes? Are there key types of activity space-times that are more likely to be in these networks? Given that the overlap of activity spaces might lead to the formation of stronger social ties, this study aims to provide new evidence of the role of activity spaces in determining the diversity of social exposures with high-resolution spatiotemporal MPA activity. Results suggest that income is an important determinant of diversity in networks, with the highest and lowest income groups both exhibiting the least diversity in networks, whereas institutional spaces like church or school and other surprising places such as the dentist’s office are the most likely activity space-times in these networks.

Patient-led skin cancer teledermatology without dermoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic: important lessons for the development of future patient-facing teledermatology and artificial intelligence-assisted -self-diagnosis.

MySkinSelfie is a mobile phone application for skin self-monitoring, enabling secure sharing of patient-captured images with healthcare providers. This retrospective study assessed MySkinSelfie's role in remote skin cancer assessment at two centres for urgent (melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma) and nonurgent skin cancer referrals, investigating the feasibility of using patient-captured images without dermoscopy for remote diagnosis. The total number of lesions using MySkinSelfie was 814, with a mean patient age of 63 years. Remote consultations reduced face-to-face appointments by 90% for basal cell carcinoma and by 63% for referrals on a 2-week waiting list. Diagnostic concordance (consultant vs. histological diagnosis) rates of 72% and 83% were observed for basal cell carcinoma (n = 107) and urgent skin cancers (n = 704), respectively. Challenges included image quality, workflow integration and lack of dermoscopy. Higher sensitivities were observed in recent artificial intelligence algorithms employing dermoscopy. While patient-captured images proved useful during the COVID-19 pandemic, further research is needed to explore the feasibility of widespread patient-led dermoscopy to enable direct patient-to-artificial intelligence diagnostic assessment.

Out of step: Code clone detection for mobile apps across different language codebases

Clone detection provides insight about replicated fragments in a code base. With the rise of multi-language code bases, new techniques addressing cross-language code clone detection enable the analysis of polyglot systems. Such techniques have not yet been applied to the mobile apps' domain, which are naturally polyglot. Native mobile app developers must synchronize their code base in at least two different programming languages. App synchronization is a difficult and time-consuming maintenance task, as features can rapidly diverge between platforms, and feature identification must be performed manually. The end goal of this work is to provide an analysis framework to reduce the impact of app synchronization. A first step in this direction consists in a structural algorithm for cross-language clone detection, called Out of Step, exploiting the idea behind enriched concrete syntax trees. Such trees are used as a common intermediate representation built from programming languages' grammars, to detect similarities between app code bases. Our technique finds code similarities with over 80% for the evaluation of language features, where Type 1-3 clones are manually injected for the analysis of both single- and cross-language cases for Kotlin and Dart. We validate the feasibility and correctness of our approach through the evaluation of the main language constructs for Kotlin and Dart. To validate the effectiveness we use a first case study detecting clones between 12 sorting algorithms across Kotlin and Dart, identifying clone similarities with a precision between 67% and 95%. Finally, we use a corpus of 144 mobile apps implemented in Kotlin and Dart, correctly identifying code similarities for the full application logic.

388 Prototyping a mobile phone application for Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy patient monitoring and data collection post-discharge

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Research objectives include prototyping a mobile phone application that allows physicians to monitor CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy patients remotely after discharge. This app will also enable standardized data collection across different centers that provide CAR-T cell therapy and allow for the harmonization of follow-up protocols. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Literature review and semi-structured interviews with patients, clinical coordinators, and other experts in the field will be used to determine what parameters must be included in the mobile application prototype to effectively monitor the side effects of CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy. The mobile phone application will be designed using process mapping to integrate data from self-reporting and wearable technologies, including the Garmin smart watch. Figma will then be used to develop new screens based on an existing patient monitoring app for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant follow-up. Finally, a preliminary feasibility study will be conducted to collect feedback on the app prototype from CAR T-cell therapy patients, providers, and stakeholders. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The anticipated results of this study include an app prototype that will include the functionalities required to monitor patients for adverse effects of CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy. This will include the parameters that will be recorded or measured using a combination of self-reporting, a reliable body temperature sensor, and the Garmin watch which monitors basic vitals, activity, and sleep. Additional parameters may be added during the stakeholder co-design process. The app prototype will include a physician interface where doctors can monitor their patients and will be alerted if they require further physician assessment. It is expected that the app will provide standardized monitoring of patients when they are discharged from the hospital after receiving CAR T-cell therapy. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This app will allow physicians to monitor patients for general follow-up and adverse effects, including cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. Future studies may utilize this app to develop best practices for harmonizing CAR-T follow-up protocols across Canada.

A low-cost Wi-Fi smart home socket using internet of things

With the emergence of smart home appliances, traditional power sockets are becoming less compatible with modern living styles. Furthermore, modern commercialized sockets are expensive and unaffordable. This project presents the development of a low-cost Wi-Fi smart home socket using internet of things (IoT) technology that is user-friendly for smartphone users to control home appliances. Smart home socket devices can turn on and off power outlets automatically from any location if they are linked to the internet and providing the user with more convenience and energy savings. This project uses a node microcontroller unit (NodeMCU) Wi-Fi module (ESP8266) as the main microcontroller unit to connect to a cloud platform. It also uses a mobile phone application to send instructions to the microcontroller for turning on and off household appliances remotely through a smart socket. The switching mechanism is monitored and controlled through the Blynk platform. A 4-channel relay module is used to transition DC current loads to AC current loads in order to activate switching processes. According to the study’s findings, the Wi-Fi smart home socket system is able to save on excessive usage of electrical appliances while also increasing electrical appliance safety.

“I can't cry on cue”: Exploring distress experiences of persons with sickle cell

Persons with sickle cell disease exhibit high levels of distress, which has been documented with validated measures. However, there has been little qualitative investigation of the sources of distress in the lives of persons with sickle cell or the strategies they use to manage different sources of distress. Our study sought to: (1) identify sources of distress for persons with sickle cell, (2) explore management strategies for different sources of distress, (3) inform content development of the future mobile phone application, and (4) incorporate patient voices in the design and development phases of the future mobile phone application. In this manuscript, we present findings for the first objective. Using convenience sampling, we recruited participants with sickle cell (n = 11) from a home visit program at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center between February and July 2021. One team member conducted one-on-one semi-structured interviews with participants. We coded and analyzed all transcripts. Participants identified clinical encounters in the emergency department and intermediate care center to manage acute pain flares as the most profound source of distress. Our analysis identified four themes: (1) Pain has performative features, (2) Stigma and racism surround care, (3) Sickle cell is a neglected disease, and (4) Participants lack control over their pain management plan. Researchers may wish to consider how these settings can foster distress, and providers may wish to adopt participant recommendations to reduce distress associated with seeking pain treatment in acute care settings.

Integrating Recombinase Polymerase Amplification and Photosensitization Colorimetric Detection in One Tube for Fast Screening of C. sakazakii in Formula Milk Powder.

Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) is a widely existing opportunistic pathogen and thus threatens people with low immunity, especially infants. To prevent the outbreak, a rapid and accurate on-site testing method is required. The current standard culture-based method is time-consuming (3-4 days), while the nucleic acid amplification (PCR)-based detection is mostly carried out in central laboratories. Herein, isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) coupled with a photosensitization colorimetric assay (PCA) was adopted for the on-site detection of C. sakazakii in powdered infant formulas (PIFs). The lowest visual detection concentration of C. sakazakii is 800 cfu/mL and 2 cfu/g after 8 h bacteria pre-enrichment. Furthermore, to avoid typical cap opening-resulted aerosol pollution, the PCA reagents were lyophilized onto the cap of the RPA tube (containing lyophilized RPA reagents). After amplification, the tube was subjected to simple shaking to mix the PCA reagents with the amplification products for light-driven color development. Such a one-tube assay offered a lowest concentration of 1000 copies of genomic DNA of C. sakazakii within 1 h. After 8 h of bacterial enrichment, the lowest detecting concentration could be pushed down to 5 cfu/g bacteria in PIF. To facilitate on-site monitoring, a portable, battery-powered PCA device was designed to mount the typical RPA 8-tube strip, and a color analysis cellphone APP was further employed for facile readout.

Managing Household Food Waste with the FoodSaveShare Mobile Application

It is estimated that European households are responsible for 55% of food waste generation. Key factors contributing to household food waste generation include food spoilage, confusion over expiration dates, overbuying, and inadequate shopping planning. Thus, food waste prevention at the household level depends heavily on food supplies monitoring and management. To this end, during the last decade, several consumer-oriented digital tools have been designed and launched. A literature review showed that currently accessible digital tools are scarce and cover a narrow range of functionalities. Here, we address these issues by designing and launching a decision support tool implemented in a smart mobile phone application (app), the FoodSaveShare Mobile App. The application development followed a traditional client–server architecture using state-of-the-art software and hardware technologies. Additionally, a survey of 340 individuals was conducted to better understand end-user motivation for and barriers against adopting this and similar apps. The developed application combines user-provided data with a retailer loyalty program to leverage the integrated features for tracking shopping activities. The app features a household shopping list populated by product barcode scanning and manual entry. Based on food and packaging type, food products are assigned approximate expiration dates to issue product expiration reminders. For products about to expire, suggestions for their utilization are provided, drawing from a list of over 7000 recipes. Additional functionality allows users to identify products that have either been consumed in time or that need to be discarded. Analytical tools, such as past purchase and resources discarded versus resources saved statistics, offer comprehensive insight and encourage improved shopping and consumption practices. The FoodSaveShare App was launched during the A2UFood Project, which allowed an organised campaign for its use. The app was tested under real customer data and conditions, and selected features have been adopted by the largest supermarket chain on the Island of Crete, Greece. The potential end-user survey results suggest that, provided personal data use issues are addressed, such apps can have a significant impact on reducing household food waste. Future work will focus on analysing the datasets produced by the application to assess its impact on household food waste management.

Cross-sectional Study of Insulin Pen Storage Knowledge and Related Factors in Vietnamese People with Diabetes

Knowledge about insulin pen storage significantly and directly affects treatment efficacy and quality for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Accurate and complete understanding and practice are vital for properly managing this chronic condition. However, studies on insulin pen use and storage have not been well-researched in Vietnam. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to assess the knowledge of people with type 2 diabetes regarding insulin pen use and storage. Data were collected through convenience sampling from 132 people with diabetes at a provincial hospital in Vietnam from September 2022 to May 2023. We developed the Vietnamese Insulin Pen Storage Knowledge Questionnaire (VIPSKQ) based on guidelines, Addendum 1: Forum for Injection Technique and Therapy Expert Recommendations, India 2021. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression. Results indicated that only 35.6% of participants had good knowledge of insulin pen storage, whereas 64.4% did not. Four factors that affected the participants’ understanding of insulin-pen storage were age, education level, duration of diagnosis, and years of treatment for diabetes mellitus. Nurses need to educate people with diabetes to increase their knowledge and skills of insulin pen use and proper storage using various strategies, such as using videos, phone applications, and monitoring their practice regularly. Nurses must also keep abreast of the latest information on insulin treatment modalities and pen storage guidelines. Our questionnaire shows promise for use in practice but needs further testing in different settings with larger groups of individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Protocol for the "magnitude of cigarette substitution after initiation of e-cigarettes and its impact on biomarkers of exposure and potential harm in dual users" (MAGNIFICAT) study.

Many smokers who use e-cigarettes (ECs) to quit continue smoking alongside vaping. The impact on health among individuals who simultaneously smoke conventional cigarettes (CCs) and use ECs remains unclear. The varying patterns of dual use present differing levels of overall toxin exposure and relative risks concerning smoking-related diseases. Understanding these complexities is vital to assessing the implications for human health. Herein we describe a protocol designed to analyze the impact of different level of substituting CCs with ECs on exposure to toxicants. We'll use biomarkers to measure this exposure and assess harm reduction in dual users through clinical endpoints, harm-related biomarkers, and behavioral correlations. We expect to observe progressive changes with varying patterns of dual use. For this purpose, we planned to recruit a group of 250 smokers who will be asked to reduce their CC consumption by adopting ECs (intervention group). A separate group of 50 smokers will continue to smoke CC (reference group). Study groups will be followed up for 6 months during which biospecimens will be collected for biomarker analyses, and clinical endpoints will be assessed. The trial is structured to characterize subjects' usage patterns over time using robust biomarkers of exposure and a standardized mobile phone application to facilitate the precise categorization of dual users along the risk continuum based on their usage behaviors. Subject recruitment will start in February 2024 and enrolment is expected to be completed by August 2024. Results will be reported early in 2025. Study findings may provide valuable insights into health benefits or risks associated with varying patterns of dual use. The study protocol and informed consent forms will be approved by the local Ethical Review Boards. Study results will be disseminated through articles published in reputable, peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journals, presentations at conferences, and the University website.

A Flexible, Adaptive, and Self-Powered Triboelectric Vibration Sensor with Conductive Sponge-Silicone for Machinery Condition Monitoring.

Vibration sensors for continuous and reliable condition monitoring of mechanical equipment, especially detection points of curved surfaces, remain a great challenge and are highly desired. Herein, a highly flexible and adaptive triboelectric vibration sensor for high-fidelity and continuous monitoring of mechanical vibration conditions is proposed. The sensor is entirely composed of flexible materials. It consists of a conductive sponge-silicone layer and a fluorinated ethylene propylene film. It can detect vibration acceleration of 5 to 50 m s-2 and vibration frequency of 10 to 100Hz. It has strong robustness and stability, and the output performance barely changes after the durability test of 168000 working cycles. Additionally, the flexible sensor can work even when the detection point of the mechanical equipment is curved, and the linear fit of the output voltage and acceleration is very close to that when the detection point is flat. Finally, it can be applied to monitoring the working condition of blower and vehicle engine, and can transmit vibration signal to mobile phone application through Wi-Fi module for real-time monitoring. The flexible triboelectric vibration sensor is expected to provide a practical paradigm for smart, green, and sustainable wireless sensor system in the era of Internet of Things.

Mobile phone applications for 3-dimensional scanning and digital anthropometry: a precision comparison with traditional scanners.

The precision of digital anthropometry through 3-dimensional (3D) scanning has been established for relatively large, expensive, non-portable systems. The comparative performance of modern mobile applications is unclear. Forty-six adults (age: 23.3 ± 5.3 y; BMI: 24.4 ± 4.1 kg/m2) were assessed in duplicate using: (1) a mobile phone application capturing two individual 2D images, (2) a mobile phone application capturing serial images collected during a subject's complete rotation, (3) a traditional scanner with a time of flight infrared sensor collecting visual data from a subject being rotated on a mechanical turntable, and (4) a commercial measuring booth with structured light technology using 20 infrared depth sensors positioned in the booth. The absolute and relative technical error of measurement (TEM) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for each method were established. Averaged across circumferences, the absolute TEM, relative TEM, and ICC were (1) 0.9 cm, 1.5%, and 0.975; (2) 0.5 cm, 0.9%, and 0.986; (3) 0.8 cm, 1.5%, and 0.974; and (4) 0.6 cm, 1.1%, and 0.985. For total body volume, these values were (1) 2.2 L, 3.0%, and 0.978; (2) 0.8 L, 1.1%, and 0.997; (3) 0.7 L, 0.9%, and 0.998; and (4) 0.8 L, 1.1%, and 0.996, with segmental volumes demonstrating higher relative errors. A 3D scanning mobile phone application involving full rotation of subjects in front of a smartphone camera exhibited similar reliability to larger, less portable, more expensive 3D scanners. In contrast, larger errors were observed for a mobile scanning application utilizing two 2D images, although the technical errors were acceptable for some applications.