Role Of Philosophy Research Articles

Exploring the Ideosphere: A Comprehensive Examination of Eastern Philosophical Perspectives and Their Societal Reflections

The intellectual heritage of Central Asia during the 9th to 12th centuries represents a golden age of scientific and philosophical achievement, deeply influencing the trajectory of global knowledge. This article delves into the profound contributions of eminent figures from the Eastern Renaissance, including al-Farabi, Abu Rayhan al-Beruni, Abu Ali ibn Sina, Yusuf Khos Hajib, and Nizamulmulk. These scholars not only advanced various scientific disciplines but also profoundly shaped political and philosophical thought. Through a detailed analysis of their works, the article highlights how these thinkers articulated visions for an ideal state that prioritized human dignity and well-being. Their philosophies underscored the importance of justice, the rule of law, and the moral imperative of governance that serves the common good. By examining their emphasis on creating equitable and enlightened societies, the study sheds light on their enduring impact on both regional and global conceptions of statecraft and societal progress. The article further explores how these scholars' ideas on governance and societal development resonate with contemporary discussions on justice and human rights, offering timeless insights into the role of philosophy in shaping humane and effective political systems. Their legacy, deeply rooted in the cultural and intellectual milieu of their time, continues to inspire modern thought and policy-making.

Development of Philosophical and Methodological Aspects of Theoretical Biology in the Study of Discipline “Cytology” at Pedagogical University

The article highlights the issues related to the development of philosophical and methodological aspects in teaching the discipline Cytology in Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University. The role of philosophy in the study of some sections of this discipline is consistently revealed from the standpoint of existing ideas about the fundamental laws of theoretical biology. The authors evaluate of the substantive part of some issues of Cytology as a science. The development of principles of integrity of the organic world, as well as structural and functional organization of the living and the format of their interaction in a single system are discussed from the standpoint of dialectics. From the point of view of philosophy, the problem of the origin of the cell and the process of transformation of the inanimate into the living is touched upon. It is suggested an approach of teaching biological science disciplines in the format of studying contradictions, comparing different ideas, theories and hypotheses significantly expand the field of knowledge of the universe and is aimed at the formation of students’ general professional and professional competencies.

The Role of Philosophy in the Development of Strategies for Ensuring Mental Security in the Conditions of “Hybrid Wars” of Our Time

The Role of Philosophy in the Development of Strategies for Ensuring Mental Security in the Conditions of “Hybrid Wars” of Our Time

Postmodernism, Quietism and Philosophy

ABSTRACT In my 1993 IJPS paper it was suggested that postmodernist verdicts on ‘the death of philosophy’ relied on a rejection of any ‘substantive’ or ‘metaphysical’ notion of truth. The present paper relates these verdicts to Wittgenstein’s alleged ‘philosophical quietism’. In both cases, for example, there is a rejection of ‘depth’. Various characterisations of Wittgenstein’s position are questioned, including the idea that his quietism consists in showing the impossibility of sceptical challenges to our ‘hinge’ propositions and beliefs. It is then argued, however, that recognition of the groundlessness of beliefs (and practices), far from curing ‘vertigo’ or ‘Angst’, is apt to inspire it. In a final section, I propose that the ‘metaphysical horror’ at the impossibility of articulating grounds for our beliefs can be allayed only by the thought that these answer to a reality that cannot be articulated and must therefore remain a mystery. One role for philosophy might be to cultivate a sense of this mystery and trace its implications for how we should live.

The Other Relativism

ABSTRACT Relativism and discussions of the relativity of human judgment have played an important role in philosophy since the 1950s. Such claims are regarded by many as the enemy of realism, the view that human judgments can be valid with respect to their objects as those objects obtain independent of the judgments. Most relativisms assert the relativity of human judgment to some trait of the judge, hence are anthropic. But there is another kind: objective relativism. It was espoused by some of the American pragmatists of the early to mid-twentieth century. Their hope was that objective relativism was compatible with realism while avoiding dualism and idealism. It claimed things themselves are relative. The view eventually disappeared. This article examines this neglected doctrine, not to determine its truth, but its nature. What kind of theory was it, what could it claim to accomplish, and what could it not? Some of its proponents regarded it as a naturalistic metaphysics, but this is problematic. This topic is suggestive for the formulation of a naturalism that rejects physicalism yet is compatible with science and realism.

Towards a topological philosophy

AbstractThis article examines the use of mathematical concepts in philosophy, focusing on topology, which may be viewed as a modern supplement to geometry. We show that Plato and Parmenides were already employing geometric ideas in their research, and discuss three examples of the application of topology to philosophical problems: the first concerns the analysis of the Cartesian distinction between res extensa and res cogitans, the second the ontology of possible worlds of Wittgenstein's Tractatus, and the third Leibniz's monadology. We also consider the role of topology in mathematical explanations of the sort found in science, arguing that it can perform a role in philosophy that is of comparable importance.

PHILOSOPHICAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE HISTORICAL RESEARCH

The mechanisms of interrelation between ideological values and methodological means of historical perception arerevealed in the article. The role of philosophy as a theoretical center of the ideology is underlined in the article. The participationof philosophical ideas in the formation of historical conceptions and categorical mechanisms of historical science, in theevolution of historical concepts, in the development of the methods of the perception of the past and the subject field of theresearch is discussed in the article. The authors underline the specific features of historical perception, the importance of microideaswhich show the unique nature of social phenomena of the past for it. The change in the system of concepts of historicalscience in connection with the change of philosophical conceptions as well as historical approaches (social history, "Annals"school, new social history) is shown in the article.

The concept of signal: its definition and philosophical using

The article contains an examination of the definitions of the concept of signal accepted in engineering and technical contexts in terms of content. The author analyzes the existing ways of dealing with this concept and describes the features of the situations of its application. He explores the question of the necessary terminological tools to describe the impact of a signal on a system. The possibilities of using the means of the theory of signals for the naturalization of philosophical studies are evaluated on the example of specific studies. The author concludes about the methodological significance of the means of signal theory and the appropriateness of involving signal models in the context of considering philosophical problems, as well as the role of philosophy in relation to the sciences that study signal processes.

Philosophy Between Interpenetration and Juxtaposition

Abstract While talking about comparative philosophy, we should presumably know what philosophy is. In this paper, the concepts of interpenetration, intensity, and juxtaposition are proposed as philosophical tools to analyse phenomena, including philosophy itself. The axis of interpenetration-juxtaposition is discussed in three domains: embodiment, speaking, and thinking. The role of philosophy is seen, on different levels of interpenetration, as redistribution of concepts, resonance of intensities, and thawing of actualities. In comparative philosophy involving texts from different traditions, these effects should be especially notable.

Teaching students to R3eason, not merely to solve problem sets: The role of philosophy and visual data communication in accessible data science education.

Much guidance on statistical training in STEM fields has been focused largely on the undergraduate cohort, with graduate education often being absent from the equation. Training in quantitative methods and reasoning is critical for graduate students in biomedical and science programs to foster reproducible and responsible research practices. We argue that graduate student education should more center around fundamental reasoning and integration skills rather than mainly on listing 1 statistical test method after the other without conveying the bigger context picture or critical argumentation skills that will enable student to improve research integrity through rigorous practice. Herein, we describe the approach we take in a quantitative reasoning course in the R3 program at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, with an error-focused lens, based on visualization and communication competencies. Specifically, we take this perspective stemming from the discussed causes of irreproducibility and apply it specifically to the many aspects of good statistical practice in science, ranging from experimental design to data collection and analysis, and conclusions drawn from the data. We also provide tips and guidelines for the implementation and adaptation of our course material to various graduate biomedical and STEM science programs.

Challenging adult-centrism: speaking speech and the possibility of intergenerational dialogue

This paper reflects on the role of philosophy in the school environment, paying special attention to the promise of intergenerational dialogue carried forward by philosophy programmes associated with Lipman’s Philosophy for Children (P4C) curriculum and its current transformation into Philosophy with Children (PwC). There are two basic ideas that constitute the guiding thread of my reflections. Firstly, that philosophical interventions of that kind challenge adult-centric views of education and philosophy. Secondly, that such initiatives carry with them the promise of acknowledging children as equal participants in the process of philosophical questioning and meaning creation. In the first part of the paper, I argue for the importance of understanding the act of philosophizing with children as a disruption of adult-centrism.First, I reflect on a narrow future-directedness that seems to characterize the temporality of school. I suggest that Philosophy for/with Children (P4wC) interventions interrupt such a future-directedness inviting the students to immerse themselves into a dilated ‘now’ of multiple possibilities. Then, I reflect on the ways in which P4wC interventions challenge the assumption that philosophy is an adult preoccupation. Special attention is paid to the work of scholars who challenge our restrictive assumptions about what qualifies as philosophical thinking.In the second part of my paper, I turn to the work of Merleau-Ponty with the aim of sketching out some requirements for the possibility of a dialogue between childhood and adulthood. I suggest that Merleau-Ponty’s reflections on childhood and expressive speech are invaluable in the context of P4wC because they invite us 1) to appreciate the alterity of children without reducing them to inferior ‘others’ and 2) to remain alert to the expressivity of children’s speech.

The linguistic elaboration and philosophical-ideological potential of Ingeborg Bachmann's works

The article examines the creative work of the famous twentieth century writer Ingeborg Bachmann. Various influences (philosophy, music, literature, personal life) on the formation of the writer's worldview, on her artistic style, on the way of reflecting her philosophical views and worldview in various genres: lyrics ("Die gestundete Zeit"), radio plays ("Der gute Gott von Manhatten") and novels ("Malina") are considered. The role of philosophy and the study of the scientific achievements of Wittgenstein and Heidegger in the formation of Bachmanns philosophical views and worldview, the influence of art (music and literature) on her creative path are analyzed. The attention is also paid to Bachmann's personal contacts with representatives of "Group 47", with writers P. Celan, M. Frisch, personal relationships with which significantly affected her life and her work, many facts of contacts with which are mentioned in the texts of the writer. Peculiarities of linguistic representation of Bachmann's worldview in her works by means of lexical, syntactic, graphic means are analyzed and shown on the material of texts.

How to Change Your Mind: The Contemplative Practices of Philosophy

AbstractThe methods of philosophy may be associated with practices such as rational dialogue, logical analysis, argumentation, and intellectual inquiry. However, many philosophical traditions in Asia, as well as in the ancient Greek world, consider an array of embodied contemplative practices as central to the work of philosophy and as philosophical methods in themselves. Here we will survey a few such practices, including those of the ancient Greeks as well as examples from East Asian traditions. Revisiting the contemplative practices of philosophy can help us to rethink the boundaries of the discipline, the nature and scope of scholarly methods, and the role of philosophy in everyday life.

Philosophy and the Art of Writing

The ‘philosophy’ of the title is here understood in terms of ‘its Socratic paradigm’ as involving ‘a critical disciplined search for wisdom that involves self-knowledge through self-examination and that aims at improving both self and society by challenging complacency and dogma’ (p. 16). The decline in the West of the ancient idea of philosophy as a special way of life is seen as—following Pierre Hadot (1995)— in significant part a function of Christianity’s taking over of its spiritual ideals, leaving philosophy merely as a conceptual ‘handmaid’ to theology; when it regained autonomy in the modern period ‘it maintained its purely theoretical character’ (p. 22). The art of writing, it is argued, can play an important epistemological role in philosophy’s art of living, for it can enable representations of the self that are both durable (unlike the images of fallible memory) and widely sharable (thereby allowing examination of the self to be subject to critical assessment by others). Stoics typically sought to establish consistency or unity in oneself to promote self-knowledge and self-care, and writing can serve this quest; but the ‘slippery nature of language and the alterity of the text’ can lead to ‘disunity and doubt’ (p. 24), and even attempts to ‘utter what is unutterable’ (p. 56). Initially, these complexities are presented in terms of the permeability of the problematic literature/philosophy distinction. The final chapter, however, leaves Europe behind to focus on Chinese culture, where the distinction, such as it is, has little purchase. Here Richard Shusterman explores ‘China’s classical pursuit of the philosophical life through the art of writing’ (p. xi), where the embodied nature of human life, including but going beyond the education of the emotions, plays an even greater role than it does in what we are accustomed to call ‘literature’.

The role of the Sharazurs in administrative and scientific aspects

The research is entitled (Role of Sharazurs in the administrative and scientific aspects) which discusses the role of Sharazoori in the rank and position outside their homeland or we can say the positions they had in the management of government institutions abroad this is due to the strength, ability and intelligence of the people of Sharazur, Because they were capable in terms of administration, such as ambassadors and judges in Syria, in addition to the post of minister in Morocco, as well as the post of governor,The people of Sharazoor had an important position not only in terms of administration but also in terms of science, Talented personalities such as Shams al-Din al-Shahrzuri, who played an important role in the management of the school of al-Qaymri, also received the post of judge, which shows the ability and intelligence of this personality. In addition to the science of the Qur'an, Tafsir, Hadith and jurisprudence, they played an important role, They also played a role in philosophy and logic, so they played a role in Islamic civilization like any other tribe. We can say that they have their fingerprints because they are the only tribe that has been recognized as a tribe abroad, Give them important positions in the country's administration and trust them. The people of Sharazur have been able to record an important position in Islamic civilization in which the great scholars of Sharazur had participated in the development of Islamic civilization in all kinds of religion, politics, administration and science between the fifth and eighth centuries AH.

Rethinking Early Modern Philosophy

ABSTRACT This introductory article outlines how this special issue contributes to existing scholarship that calls for a rethinking and re-evaluation of common assumptions about early modern philosophy. One way of challenging existing narratives is by questioning what role systems or systematicity play during this period. Another way of rethinking early modern philosophy is by considering assumptions about the role of philosophy itself and how philosophy can effect change in those who form philosophical beliefs or engage in philosophical argumentation. A further way of advancing early modern scholarship is by examining the tight links between early modern views on metaphysics and epistemology, on the one hand, and moral, social, and political philosophy, on the other hand. Moreover, there are ongoing debates whether and how the traditional distinction between rationalism and empiricism, which has been questioned for several reasons, should be replaced. It has been proposed to replace it with a distinction between experimental and speculative philosophy, but this distinction cannot easily accommodate early modern debates concerning moral, social, and political philosophy. In addition to highlighting several ways how early modern philosophy has and can be rethought, we summarize how the papers in this special issue contribute to these ongoing efforts.

Perceptual constancy and perceptual representation

AbstractPerceptual constancy has played a significant role in philosophy of perception. It figures in debates about direct realism, color ontology, and the minimal conditions for perceptual representation. Despite this, there is no general consensus about what constancy is. I argue that an adequate account of constancy must distinguish it from three distinct phenomena: mere sensory stability through proximal change, perceptual categorization of a distal dimension, and stability through irrelevant proximal change. Standard characterizations of constancy fall short in one or more of these respects. I develop an account of constancy that overcomes these problems. The account has two parts: an analysis of constancy mechanisms, and an analysis of the conditions under which a constancy capacity is exercised. I then employ this account to evaluate whether constancy is a necessary condition for perceptual representation, as some have conjectured. I argue that explanatory practice in perceptual psychology fails to support this view. Rather, it fits better with the weaker principle that representation requires specific tracking of a distal dimension.

The role of philosophy in shaping the worldview of modern youth (on the example of I. Kant’s philosophy)

The paper presents the arguments for the importance of philosophy in the life and development of the young generation of our time. The author is based on I. Kant’s ideas and denotes their modernity. The author shows that the modern young generation often turns to philosophy in search of an answer to the question “what should an individual be guided by in order to preserve his/her moral principle”.

PENERAPAN FILSAFAT ILMU BIDANG PENDIDIKAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR

An action or activity that we carry out in a planned and earnest manner in achieving a certain goal is an application. It is an act that puts into practice a theory that has been prepared previously. Related to philosophy and science are two related words, substantially and historically, in which science cannot be separated from the role of philosophy. But on the contrary the development of science can strengthen the existence of philosophy. The birth of philosophy in Greece shows the pattern of thought of the Greeks in which mythological views eventually disappeared and rational statements were dominant. Where according to philosophy, the application is where the mindset that often depends on gods turns into a mindset that depends on ratios. Natural events, such as eclipses are no longer considered as activities of sleeping gods, but are natural occurrences caused by the sun, moon and earth being in parallel lines, so that the moon's shadow falls on part of the earth's surface.
 
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Education as Thinking, or The Role of Philosophy in the Educational System

The article examines education from the perspective of its goals and functions. The development of thinking skills is considered as both the goal and function of education, and the process of thinking as a means of education. Education is broadly understood as the creation of an image, and narrowly as the complex of social institutions that carry out educational activity. As a mechanism of socialization, education is one of the most important historically formed tools for the training and development of thinking ability, which is the main instrument of the evolutionary strategy ofhomo sapiens.The article discusses the ontological status of thought as an attributive property ofhomo sapiensthat defines human being. Thinking is a psychic reality rooted in biological processes, the fundamental basis of all cognitive and human activity-based processes. The author conducts a philosophical analysis of the concepts of thinking, good thinking, qualitative thought, and education. Philosophizing is considered as a special type of thinking, and the article researches its instrumental function, the potential ability to produce sanity, prudence, an analytical approach to any situation, and the ability to make independent decisions. Common to all philosophizing subjects will be that they will act as “demiurges” of their world, which they will be able to fill with their own meanings and values. Philosophical thinking is free thinking, which has a playful character, and therefore it can be defined as a game of meanings. The article describes existing approaches to the development of the philosophical education of children. The author draws attention to the advantage of the Russian system of higher education in connection with the compulsory teaching of philosophy, and argues to develop philosophical education for schoolchildren. The article concludes that the philosophical component of education at all levels, from elementary school to university, is an effective way to form high-quality thinking among students.