Philosophy Of Life Research Articles

‘북방텍스트’에 나타난 에벤키족의 샤머니즘과 생태사상

The aim of this paper is to examine the shamanic worldview of the Evenki people among Siberian shamanism and the ecological ideas associated with it in the literary texts of Siberian ethnic minority authors. Siberia is perceived as a place where shamanism originated. However, as Eliade’s theory of shamanism has been recognized as a representative research methodology, empirical research on the origin and specificity of Siberian shamanism has been stifled, and the concept of shamanism has become ambiguous, resulting in a distortion of the origin and nature of Siberian shamanism. The shamanism of Siberian ethnic minorities is a religious phenomenon that has become embedded in the archetypal structure of their emotions, psychology, and consciousness in the process of interacting with the surrounding natural environment and human and social environment, as a holistic way of life that includes rituals, rituals, myths, moral ethics, and ecological life philosophy, as well as artistic systems. During the Soviet period, shamanism and the traditions and customs of Siberian ethnic groups were increasingly usurped by social reform and Russification policies under atheistic socialism. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, writers from ethnic minorities who sought to see their culture through their own eyes, rather than relying on the findings of Western or Russian researchers, emerged and produced literature that expressed their traditional shamanic worldview. It can be said that conditions have been created for the study of Siberian shamanism to be illuminated by literature. This paper examines literary texts about the Siberian Ebenki people to explore the shamanic worldview and ecological ideas of this Siberian ethnic minority.

History Sistem Pendidikan Nasional

National education is a method that stands on a foundation imbued with the nation's philosophy of life which has the aim of serving national ideals and the ideals of a nation. Like the education system during the Hindu-Buddhist era. The education system during the Hindu-Buddhist era was based on goals such as religion. Meanwhile, the education system during the Dutch East Indies era was a form of hierarchy between natives and Dutch. The aim of this research is to determine the differences between the education system during the Dutch East Indies period and the Hindu-Buddhist period. The method used is literature study or literature review. The research results show that the goals of the education system during the Dutch East Indies era were also different from those during the Hindu-Buddhist era. Research results: Education during the Dutch East Indies era placed more emphasis on worldly matters and creative abilities in order to obtain superior human resources. Therefore, education today is expected to have the role of teachers in the Hindu-Buddhist era, especially in the context of the special specifications that monks had as teachers. This can include an analysis of qualifications, teaching methods, and their influence on educational developments at that time. This research contribution provides better insight into the development of education in the past as well as valuable lessons for the development of the education system in the future.

Between Philosophers and City-state-The Charges against Socrates and His Defense

In the year 300 BC, Socrates, as a philosopher and Athenian citizen, was charged by the court of Athens with the crime of “impiety” and “corrupting the youth”. During the court session, Socrates tried his best to defend himself but still could not change his fate-Socrates was sentenced to death. Such charges against Socrates and his defense reflect city-state’s fundamental doubts about Socrates and the huge tension between philosophical life and city-state life, which can also be reflected in The Apology of Socrates by Plato and Memorabilia by Xenophon. For this discrepancy between two lifestyles, the city-state chose to expel or execute the philosopher who started to despise the city-state. However, Socrates who had always lived between the city-state and philosophers still believed that philosophers were responsible for the city-state and the city-state should also openly take opinions from philosophers - the conflict between philosophers and the city-state is reconcilable.

IMPLEMENTATION OF BASIC PANCASILA VALUES IN ASSESSING THE CHARACTER OF STUDENTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS

The Covid-19 pandemic that Indonesia has been facing since March 2020 requires well-plannedhandling to deal with this new normal or new normal. Adopt health protocols that are in accordance withWorld Health Organization (WHO) directives that apply globally to strengthen community resilience in theface of the Covid-19 pandemic. Through various policies that have been established by the Government ofIndonesia to respond to this Covid-19 pandemic health disaster. The level of transmission and spread ofCovid-19 is still increasing and there has not been a significant decrease because the implementation ofpolicies that handle Covid-19 which refers to WHO directives are still faced with many problems so that thehandling is still not optimal and effective. Therefore, it is necessary to change the approach to handling theCovid-19 pandemic which is based on the values of Pancasila as a view of the life philosophy of the nationand the Indonesian people when viewed from the perspective of national interests, which is expected toincrease the useful results of the efforts to handle the Covid-19 pandemic carried out by the Government.The implementation of Pancasila values in handling the Covid-19 pandemic can create a new normal or anew normal that is free from Covid-19.

Світоглядно-філософські засади педагогічних поглядів К. Д. Ушинського

The article is dedicated to the memory of Kostiantyn Dmytrovych Ushynskyi (1823-1871), an outstanding Ukrainian teacher-philosopher, founder and developer of the theoretical foundations of education based on the cooperation of pedagogy and psychology (the middle of the 19th century). In general, the purpose of the article is to update the scientific achievements of prominent compatriot. The article’s goal is detailed in such tasks: the assertion of Ukrainianness as the source or origin of K. Ushynskyi’s personality and creativity; the substantiation of the features of his life philosophy, mentality (the priority of the value of the human soul, heartcentred meaning of human being in the comprehension of life; high personal emotionality, but subject to will; love for the native foundations), which total combination nourished the thinker’s ideas about pedagogical anthropology; substantiation of the peculiar intertextuality of the K. Ushynskyi’s book “Man as an object of education. An attempt at pedagogical anthropology” (1868–1869); an attempt to characterize the worldview and philosophical meanings of K. Ushynskyi’s construction of the psychological and pedagogical foundations of the educational process (cultural conformity, nature conformity, activity as the basis of education), which remains not only the historical heritage of Ukrainian humanitarian thought, but also a variant of an anthropologically sharpened worldview landmark for modern educators. It has been established that in the documentary substantiation of K. Ushynskyi’s belonging to Ukrainian culture, the contribution of the modern local historian and teacher V. Terletskyi became the most important. It is shown that the appeals made by K. Ushynskyi to the thoughts, ideas, opinions of numerous European scientists, writers, historical figures, polemics and dialogues with them on the pages of the book ensured the transition to the creation of a text as a stereophonic intersection with other texts. The author of the article tries to substantiate this feature of the book as a kind of intertextuality of the analyzed scientific work.

Философские основания современного китайского неореализма

Chinese new realism painting is formed under the interaction of western philosophy and Chinese native phi-losophy. Philosophical and cultural theories have had a significant impact on artists’ understanding of real-world problems and the way they conceive art. For some contemporary Chinese artists, philosophical and cul-tural theories have become an integral part of their professional outlook. Neorealist artists depict objective reali-ty according to their feelings, emotions and spiritual values. This paper points out three philosophical concepts that influence Neo-Realism philosophy: symbol philosophy, value philosophy and life philosophy. These philo-sophical schools have influenced the most important conceptual attributes of creation and reflected the particu-larity of neo-realists’ cognition of the world. The particularity of the philosophical and cultural interpretation of the new realist artist’s creation lies in the artist’s high subjectivity, criticism and individualization. It is this philo-sophical premise that opens up a broad space for free creation, showing the subjective understanding of reali-ty, reflecting the inner world of the individual and the interpretation of reality in the works.

The Local Wisdom Values in the Building Structure and Ornaments of the Witana Ward of Kanoman Palace Cirebon

The popularity of the Witana Ward, Kanoman Palace, Cirebon, is still less popular than other buildings, even though the Witana ward is the forerunner of Cirebon civilization. The author intends to describe the Witana ward by exploring the values of the local wisdom contained in the building. Explorative approach is employed to obtain premier data such as literature review, observation and interviews. From this exploratory study resulted a description of the values of local wisdom in the Witana Ward namely (1) Candra Sengkala Figure, (2) Bird Logo, (3) Four Pillars, (4) Sun Symbol, (5) Symbol Of Kamangmang Dragon, (6) Dewandaru Tree, (7) Witana Well, (8) Lotus and Flowers Wijayakusuma, (9) A Gate, and (10) Wadasan and Megamendung. The local wisdom values are in the form of philosophy of life, ethics and morals, literature and culture, and religious advices. The symbolic meaning of wadasan teaches that humans must be as strong as a reef, sturdy even in the storm. While the megamendung symbol symbolizes a shady soul giving coolness. The wisdom that we can understand from the megamendung wadasan is an ethical and moral message.

Exploring spirituality, religion and life philosophy among parents of children receiving palliative care: a qualitative study

BackgroundFew studies have examined the spiritual environment of parents of children receiving palliative care in Southern European countries, which are mostly characterized by secularization (or the abandonment of traditional religiosity) and an increase of cultural and religious diversities resulting in a much broader spectrum of spiritual and religious beliefs. This study aimed to explore the parents’ own spirituality, religiosity, and philosophy of life in coping with the care of their child with palliative needs.MethodsQualitative interviews of 14 parents of children included in a palliative care program in a pediatric hospital in Barcelona, Spain. Inclusion criteria were parents of children who have been cared for the palliative care program for a minimum of 3 months and who displayed a willingness to talk about their personal experiences and gave written consent. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed by an independent service, and analyzed on a case-by-case basis using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.ResultsThe three domains identified were life philosophy, relational, and transcendent. Life philosophy included principles that guided parents’ decision-making, and how the onset of their child’s serious illness had promoted a change in their values. Relational was focused on how they perceived themselves (e.g. motherhood), others (e.g. one’s own child exceptionality), and the way they believed others perceived and supported them (e.g. relatives, friends, and healthcare providers). The transcendent domain involved God-related concepts, divinity and divine intervention (e.g. a miracle as an interpretive framework for that which cannot be explained within scientific knowledge limitations).ConclusionsInflexible categories identifying parents as having a particular religious faith tradition are not sufficient to capture the interrelation of knowledges (ethical, religious, scientific) that each parent generates when faced with their child receiving palliative care. Clinicians should explore parents’ spirituality in an individualized way that responds to the uniqueness of their experiential process.

Diagnostics of the Value System in Students

The system of value orientations defines the substantive aspects of personality orientation, and the foundations of its relationships to the surrounding world, other people, itself, the basis of its own worldview and the motivation of its vital activity form the core, the foundations of its life concept and philosophy of life. The methodology for diagnosing value orientations allows you to diagnose the structure of value orientations of an individual or group. The introduction of coaching, individual and group collaboration exercises in training under the influence of factors such as cognitive ability, speed and accuracy of data processing, emotional stability, emotional sensitivity is based on the fact that students are the main tools for the formation and development of interpersonal values such as “pleasant time”, “perception and pleasure of beauty”, “mutual respect” and emotional intelligence. The article covers these issues.

Enhancing mental wellbeing by changing mindsets? Results from two randomized controlled trials

Improving mental wellbeing is often targeted with behavioral interventions, while mindset interventions might be more appealing as they require less time and effort. In addition to recent experimental studies demonstrating that attributional beliefs can be changed to improve emotional wellbeing and performance, the current study examines whether a positive change in people’s beliefs about stress and life philosophy enhances emotional, social and psychological wellbeing using brief educational interventions. Two parallel double-blind randomized controlled trials were conducted. Study 1 (N = 106; 62.3% female, mean age 36.0) compared an educational video about the benefits of a stress-is-enhancing mindset versus an active control video. In Study 2 (N = 136; 57.4% female, mean age 35.7), educational texts about the benefits of a stress-is-enhancing mindset and holding a life-is-long-and-easy mindset were compared to an active control text. Results of multilevel growth curve modeling showed that a stress mindset could be significantly changed using an educational video or text, while the change in the philosophies of life mindset did not significantly differ between conditions. Furthermore, none of the manipulations were able to sustain the positive change in mindset which might explain why there was no significant increase in mental wellbeing compared to control. To have a lasting effect on people’s mental wellbeing, a change in mindset might need to be embodied in everyday life. Future research should investigate simple versus intensive interventions with longer follow-up time to examine whether and how a mindset can be sustainably changed to promote flourishing mental health in the general population.

Posttraumatic growth of medical staff during COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has imposed unprecedented stress and challenges upon medical staff, potentially resulting in posttraumatic growth (PTG). This scoping review aims to synthesize the existing knowledge on PTG among medical staff during the pandemic by identifying its current status and potential influencing factors. The findings may provide a foundation for future research and interventions to enhance the medical staff’s psychological resilience and well-being.MethodsLiterature was systematically searched on PTG among medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic from 01 January 2020 to 31 December 2022. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), and Wanfang Data. Eligibility criteria included: (1) medical staff as research subjects; (2) a focus on “posttraumatic growth” or “alternative posttraumatic growth” related to the COVID-19 outbreak and pandemic; (3) discussion of the situation and influencing factors of PTG; and (4) study types, such as qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Two researchers independently selected and extracted study characteristics (study design, study population, region, measurement instruments, and primary outcomes) from the included literature. The data were synthesized qualitatively and descriptively.ResultsThirty-six papers from 12 countries met the inclusion criteria. Moderate PTG levels were observed among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, with emphasis on “interpersonal relationships,” “changes in life philosophy,” and “growth in personal competence.” Influencing factors included trauma exposure, sociodemographics, psychological characteristics (resilience and positive qualities), coping, and social support.ConclusionsThis review discovered moderate PTG levels among medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, with critical areas in interpersonal relationships, life philosophy, and personal competence. The identified influencing factors can inform future research and interventions to enhance healthcare workers’ psychological resilience and well-being.

Introspecting on Adivasi Rights: A Critique of C K Janu’s Autobiography Mother Forest: The Unfinished Story of C K Janu

Mother Forest: The Unfinished Story of C.K Janu (2003) is an autobiography of C.K Janu, a tribal rights activist from Kerala. The paper examines how Janu narrates the essence of the tribal culture and its shared sense of mutuality with the environment. Describing the enriched experiences of the tribal society, achieved through ecological practices, Janu focuses on the fact that the tribal society maintains an inherent relationship with the forest. The indigenous philosophy of life and its impact on the sustenance of forest terrains, is highlighted in the narrative. The paper also examines the politics of power while analyzing Janu’s role as an activist for tribal land rights. The insensitivity of the system towards tribal culture and tribal land rights is critiqued against the backdrop of contemporary and contentious socio-political scenario.

Pobhinci-bhinciki kuli: An accounting research methodology based on the cultural philosophy of the butonese people

This research aims to develop an accounting research methodology based on the cultural philosophy of the Butonese people, “pobhinci-bhinciki kuli”. In the Wolio language (Buton Sultanate), pobhinci-bhinciki kuli means pinching each other’s skin or feeling like they are in the same boat. This research uses a literature review method. Validity is confirmed through interviews with Butonese cultural figures, sociologists, anthropologists and writers. The findings indicate that research methodology developed from local wisdom can be used to produce research that is more holistic in describing the reality of Indonesian society. The Butonese people’s philosophy of life “pobhinci-bhinciki kuli” upholds purity of feeling, as an indicator. The feeling in question is a divine feeling that is continuously felt and pursued through kangkilo (purity). Therefore, the scientific implications of using pobhinci-bhinciki kuli will return to the authenticity of the local wisdom of Indonesian society which is always oriented towards the main value of purity in moving towards true divinity by prioritizing the integrity of reality. The achievements of science are not only rational but united and moving in the purity of awareness of holiness in its theoretical, research and empirical forms in accounting research methodology.

Платон и символическая философия жизни Павла Флоренского

The article analyzes the interpretation of Plato and the Platonic tradition by the famous Russian philosopher and theologian of the Silver Age, priest P.A. Florensky. Based on the material of his two works (“The Universal Human Roots of Idealism”, “The Mean­ing of Idealism”), devoted to the interpretation of the Platonic teaching and its roots in the universal worldview, the originality of Florensky’s approach to a wide range of philosophical, historical and cultural problems related to the interpretation of the Pla­tonic teaching is shown. The article analyzes the main conceptual moves that Floren­sky makes in the course of his interpretation, clarifies the relationship of the concepts of a universal or “muzhik’s worldview” to Florensky’s logical and theoretical understand­ing of Platonism. The article reveals some important sources of Florensky’s historical and philosophical judgments about Plato (Walter Pater, É. Schuré), emphasizes the impor­tance of his contemporary European philosophy of life (Nietzsche, Bergson). Also given is criticism of some of Florensky’s historical and philosophical judgments (on the Por­firy’s theory of universals, on the mystery roots of Plato’s teaching). The originality of Florensky’s creative recreation of the systemic logic of Platonism is analyzed in detail, which begins with a kind of historical phenomenology of the roots and origins of Platon­ism, then proceeds to a general theoretical doctrine of ideas, which are understood mainly as a doctrine of the one in the many things, then to the doctrine of synthetic perception and ends with the doctrine of gender and species, in which Florensky sees the key sym­bols of the Platonic teaching.

মানবতাবাদ : প্রত্যক্ষ জীবনদর্শন

This world is plagued with multiplicity of problem. There are dashes among the people, malice and warth, fray and fiction among the nations, war among the countries, premature death and competation in producing weapons in every corner of the world which spoil the world peach. As consequences, humanity is humiliated and overlooked. Although science and technology has made our life easier, it has not ensured peace yet. In this hard time we are living in, it has become necessary to practice the eternal enunciation of humanity and non-violence.The present eassy has focused on social and philosophical analysis and spread of humanism trend such as philosophy of life. Humanistic tend to advocate for human rights, free speech, progressive policies and democracy.

স্বামী বিবেকানন্দের শিক্ষাদর্শনে নারীমুক্তি এবং প্রান্তিক জনগোষ্ঠী

Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) was an influential philosopher, educator, and social thinker. He worked for women’s freedom and equality along with education. He said that education is not just about gathering information but making people aware of their own dignity and responsibility. The aim of education is the perfection of our life which is the matter of our hearts. His educational thought deserves special praise. Because his contribution to education was immense. His educational thought was developed based on his philosophy of life, awakened conscience, and social meditation concepts. According to him, true education is the development of the fullness of man’s inner being. In his philosophy of education, he gave his own views on women’s education and the education of marginalized groups. According to Swamiji if women can be empowered through education, they will be able to solve their own problems. It can be said that the development of a nation depends on educating its people. It includes the progress of women. Because men and women are like two wings of a bird. Regarding the education of the marginalized people, he said that if the poor people cannot be reached by education, then the education should reach the poor. He further said that the spread of public education is the root of all progress. He mentioned the mother tongue as the best medium of mass education. This paper analyzes Vivekananda's views on women's education and the education of marginalized communities.

N12 The Experience of Post-traumatic Growth Process in Newly Diagnosed Chinese Patients with Crohn’s Disease: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study

Abstract Background The impact of Crohn’s disease (CD) is not purely negative, it may become an opportunity for patients to undergo positive psychological adjustments and achieve personal growth. To date there has been limited in-depth research to understand the patients’ experiences of post-traumatic growth (PTG) process following an CD diagnosis using a qualitative study with a longitudinal perspective. Methods A longitudinal qualitative design was adopted. Sixteen newly diagnosed Chinese patients with CD were recruited through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on three occasions: 3, 6 and 12 months post-diagnosis. Data were collected between November 2021 and December 2022. Data analysis of each time point was based on conventional content analysis. Afterwards, all data were combined for a comprehensive re-analysis to capture change. Results Four themes and fifteen sub-themes were formed through analysis (table 1). The process of PTG was shown in Figure 1. Within the first year post-diagnosis, patients with CD experienced considerable physical discomforts and psychological distress. Their personal development was also limited. With increased disease knowledge, and driven by a strong sense of responsibility and external support, the patients’ disease acceptance transformed from "difficult to accept" to "have to accept" to "should accept" then to "be able to accept". Living with CD, they actively engaged in monitoring disease condition, cooperating with treatment, exploring patterns of flare-ups, relieving stress and focusing on problem solving to eliminate negative emotions, and regaining hope and positively planning for future. Over time, the impact of CD on the patients’ lives became smaller, they integrated their disease as a part of themselves, and achieved personal growth. This growth was manifested by "developing closer relationships with others", "increasing personal strength", "changing in life philosophy" and "emerging new possibilities". Overall, as disease duration increased, the disease related sufferings diminished, and CD patients’ disease acceptance improved. In addition, as time goes by, the patients’ ability to self-manage disease enhanced, and their experience of personal growth increased. Conclusion The process of PTG in patients with CD within the first year of diagnosis primarily consists of four stages: "enduring hardships", "accepting illness", "living with illness", and "achieving personal growth". This growth was not linear, but rather cyclical. Nurses could provide targeted guidance to patients based on the trajectory identified in this study, helping them unearth inner resources and create conditions for PTG.

Zhang Dongsun’s Encounters with “Logicism”

The article surveys the early work of Zhang Dongsun on topics like logicism of Bertrand Russell and scientific philosophy, which aimed to criticise its foundations and replace them with a Neo-Kantian alternative. It tries to show how a series of Zhang’s articles from early 1920s, in which he sought to create a new “neutral” variety of logicism, can be used to better understand the intellectual foundations of the neovitalist “philosophy of life” of Zhang Junmai. By delving deeper into the underlying ideas and possible motivations behind Zhang’s philosophical endeavours from the early 1920s, the article argues for a different kind of understanding of the historical basis of humanism in modern Chinese philosophy. Moreover, it strives to show how the “science and the view on life” controverse as initiated by Zhang Junmai in 1923 might be rooted or at least related directly to a syncretistic ideal, to conjoin science and the view of life in a new kind of harmonistic outlook. Most importantly, the article will try to show how Zhang Dongsun’s critical engagement with Russell’s philosophy, modern logic and physical science could be understood as the theoretical nucleus of the so-called “view on life” philosophy, not only in the context of the 1923 controverse but possibly the entire Republican Period. Due to the limited space, the article does not offer a concise introduction Zhang’s life and philosophy, but instead provides a focused discussion of particular fragments of his work from the early 1920s.

Human Development Model Based on Yogic Wisdom for Well-being and Self-actualization: A Conceptual Framework

Ancient Indian philosophies consider self-realization as a fundamental concept and aim of human life, which appears theoretically similar to the self-actualization concept of the West. This article compares and contrasts the self-actualization concept with the views of ancient Indian wisdom to create a model. Both ideas strive for a more elevated Self, unleashing our potential or the realization/actualization of the true Self. From the Indian Vedanta philosophy emerged the Panchakosha theory of personality, which provides a structural framework for human states of consciousness leading to higher development and transcendental identity. According to the scriptures, any form of stress is due to an underdeveloped state of consciousness at these levels or due to disconnection from the true Self; once an individual comes in contact with the ‘true Self’, the problems of life are eliminated. Yoga is a systematic process and way of human development, and applying the principles of Yoga philosophy in life will help in transcending one from the lower Self to the higher Self, awakening human potential, and becoming self-actualized. Yogis, who practice Yoga, could be responsible for a positive shift towards sustainable communities or transformative environments through enhanced mindfulness, self-actualization, and social capital demonstrated by enhanced moral values, trust, engagement, and acceptance. This theoretical model from classical Indian thought has the potential to provide the needed guidelines to create more self-actualized people. The dimension of well-being and prescriptions on how to reach this state of highest well-being is the essence of Indian philosophy.

Immanuel Kant's philosophy and the reconstruction of Polish philosophy at the turn of the 20th century

The revival of Polish philosophy, after more than a century of partitions, took place at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. At that time, thanks to Wincenty Lutosławski, a correspondent at Kant-Studien, a stimulus was given to the fossilised and dispersed Polish philosophical community. The necessary reforms were spearheaded by Henryk Struve, Władysław Weryho, and Kazimierz Twarddowski. They became animators of philosophical life, establishing Przegląd Filozoficzny, the Polish Philosophical Society in Lviv and prompting the first Polish translations of Kant’s works. Through them, the reforms initiated deepened throughout the period up to the restoration of independence and later in free Poland. Kant’s philosophy became one of the pillars of these reforms. Thanks to them, a new kind of philosophical thinking took shape in Poland, marked by Kantian criticism.