Practical Philosophy Research Articles

Attention to Oneself in an Apologetic Perspective: The Reception of Ancient Philosophical Practices in St. Basil the Great

The purpose of this article is to present Saint Basil’s utilization of the philosophical heritage along with the ancient Greek literature for the benefit of Christianity. Saint Basil’s approach was influenced by a lineage of Christian philosophers, including the St. Justin the Philosopher, Origen, St. Gregory Thaumaturgus and his grandmother St. Macrina the Elder. Initially, early Christians like St. Justin the Philosopher and Clement of Alexandria portrayed Christianity as the true philosophy and the culmination of knowledge in antiquity. Then Origen employed more philosophical methods and practices in his Christian educational program. St. Basil followed this tradition, but infused his teaching with a holistic Christian interpretation. For instance, he emphasized attention to oneself in a Christian perspective. Additionally, his Address to the Young: On how they might derive benefit from Greek literature demonstrates Christianity’s capacity to assimilate and embrace other traditions while interpreting them in a manner that promotes virtue, the moral development of human being and devotion to Christ.

Against critical thinking in health, social care and social work; Reframing philosophy for professional practice

Against critical thinking in health, social care and social work; Reframing philosophy for professional practice

Simulatio/dissimulatio – Stellung/Verstellung: Rhetorik, höfische Verhaltenslehre, Ethik (mit Überlegungen zur Rezeption von Balthasar Graciáns Handorakel in Deutschland)

Abstract Early modern manuals of courtly conduct offer advice on successful behavior and communication for courtiers, emphasizing masquerade and the concealment of intentions through dissimulatio and simulatio as rhetorical key techniques of the courtier. Important works include Castiglione’s Libro del Cortegiano, Machiavelli’s Principe, and Gracián’s Oráculo manual. Their reception in the German early Enlightenment, especially by Thomasius and Müller, demonstrates the development and recontextualization of these ideas within practical philosophy.

Ethical mediarhetoric in videogame cybertexts: procedural explication of moral topics in an educational context

Introduction. Education in the field of ethics and practical philosophy is important both within the framework of educational and disciplinary discourse and in terms of personal and social formation of a person, his/her value-behavioral system of coordinates. Video game cybertexts containing moral themes in their narrative and procedural structure can increase interest in the study of theoretical issues of ethics and create a special virtual-simulative space of moral experimentation. Materials and Methods. The theoretical part of the paper is based on the conceptual framework of understanding video games as a procedural cybertext formulated by E. Aarseth and I. Bogost. The operation of the multimodal-semiotic structure of video games is based on the ideas of J. Havreljak and W. Toch. The experimental cluster of work is realized on the principles of Digital Game-Based Learning developed by M. Prensky and a set of pedagogical practices on the use of ICT-based learning. Results. Based on the interpretation of the features of multimodal semiotics of ethically engaged video games, two modes of their distinction are revealed – narrative and gameplay. Narrative represents moral themes through narrative storytelling, and gameplay through gameplay. It has two forms of manifestation and certainty - external-iconic (based on visual reading and ethically binary interpretation of videogame cybertext) and procedural, where at the level of program architectonics the possibilities of choice and realization of simulations of ethical activities are created. The experiment allowed a radical change for the better (from 20% to 73%) in most students' expectations about the educational possibilities of video games in this disciplinary area. The DGBL methodology helped the learners (80%) to experience (80%) the practical dimension of important ethical issues and to conduct a series of moral experiments within the virtual simulations. Most of the students (75%) were able to correctly relate theoretical knowledge from philosophy and ethics to specific video game situations and successfully interpreted them. Conclusion. Given the time-consuming nature of these cybertexts, it is recommended that they be used only as supplementary media to the main course texts. It seems most appropriate to study them as part of an elective to a basic course in ethics or philosophy. This material could also be the basis for the creation of an educational laboratory on practical ethics in a social and humanitarian quantorium.

Pure act, impure act: A critical comparison between Giovanni Gentile and Antonio Gramsci

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, European Marxists participated in the difficult process of self-interrogation known as revisionism. In Italy, through multiple authors, publications and debates, these reflections culminated in Antonio Gramsci's philosophy of praxis, which will have an outsized importance not only for Italian communism. Although the direct ascendency of Italian Neo-Idealism over Gramsci's thought, and especially Benedetto Croce's philosophy, has always been evident and universally recognized, the influence of Giovanni Gentile's actualism on the philosophy of praxis is still debated, and often underestimated. Starting from an analysis of Gramsci's 64th note of the 11th Quaderno del carcere, where he distinguishes his ‘impure act’ from Gentile's ‘pure act’, this article intends to compare the two authors’ thoughts and their role in the philosophical revision of Marxism. By discussing various interpretations about the alleged connections between Gramsci's and Gentile's conceptions—from the most orthodox Marxist readings to the ones that, first of all, see a form of ‘post-actualism’ in the philosophy of praxis —it will attempt to highlight from a philosophical perspective their contact points, and to demonstrate how and where they are different.

Naděje jako most mezi etikou a filosofií náboženství v díle Immanuela Kanta

The paper focuses on the motif of hope, which plays an important role in Immanuel Kant’s practical philosophy. Hope builds a bridge between ethics and the philosophy of religion, and it does so as part of the highest good. I examine the notion of hope in Kant’s thought in three steps, based on three texts: Critique of Pure Reason (Canon of Pure Reason), Critique of Practical Reason (Postulates of Pure Practical Reason; Ethico-Theology), and Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason (Theory of Radical Evil in Human Nature). I provide arguments to show that, for Kant, hope is a necessary motive. Hope is understood as an attitude of reason, rather than as an emotion. I further demonstrate that in the concept of hope, the desire for happiness intersects with the desire to live well morally. The function of hope, in the context of a lifetime of moral practice, is to help remove obstacles to leading a moral life. Hope is not needed to know what to do. Hope is necessary as a component of the meaningfulness of the whole. The impossibility or loss of hope for the ultimate meaning, as including the achievement of one’s own bliss, would make the lifelong pursuit of morality impossible. Finally, hope turns out to be necessary as a response to the thesis of radical evil in human nature.

The Role of Psychological & Philosophical Counseling in Technology Adoption in Education

The rapid advancement of technology has significantly impacted education, necessitating effective integration strategies. This chapter explores the essential role of psychological and philosophical counseling in the adoption of technology in education. Integrating technology in educational settings is complex, involving cognitive, emotional, and ethical dimensions. The conceptual framework combines psychological strategies to address resistance, enhance motivation, and reduce anxiety, with philosophical approaches to promote critical thinking and ethical reflection. The study utilizes quantitative surveys and a comprehensive literature review to assess attitudes, stress levels, and ethical considerations among educators, students, and administrators. Findings suggest that psychological counseling effectively reduces resistance and anxiety, while philosophical counseling fosters critical engagement and ethical awareness. The combined approach of both counseling types provides a holistic support system, ensuring successful and thoughtful technology integration. Recommendations emphasize the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and holistic interventions to enhance educational outcomes and support all stakeholders in the adoption process.

“THE ETHICISATION OF RELIGION” IN THE RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS OF M. TAREEV

The subject of the research in the article is the reception of I. Kant’s practical philosophy in the ethical component of the religious and philosophical views of M. Tareev. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that there is a systemic influence of Kantian ethics and theology on the formation of M. Tareev’s religious and philosophical ideas, which manifested itself in borrowing the method and key concepts of practical philosophy, as well as the central concepts of I. Kant’s philosophy of religion. The research methodology is based on the systematic philosophical approach combined with the method of conceptual analysis of the sources of views and the method of historical and philosophical reconstruction. The novelty of the article lies in substantiating the central importance of the method and key concepts of I. Kant’s practical philosophy, such as the ideas of autonomy of the will, moral obligation and ethical community of people as sources of formation of M. Tareev’s own ideas.

Nilai Etika Konselor dalam Membangun Interaksi Efektif antara Konselor dan Konseli

The purpose of this research is to investigate ethical values ​​that are important in building effective interactions between counselors and counselees in a counseling context. The research method used is literature study, by collecting data from various relevant literature. The data collection process involves reading, studying, examining and carefully examining hadith texts and related literature. Data analysis was carried out by organizing data into groups based on emerging themes, referring to the Lexy approach and content analysis. The research results show that ethics in counseling is a moral foundation that guides the behavior and interactions of counselors with their clients. The principles of counseling ethics, such as respecting human dignity and human rights, maintaining the confidentiality of client information, and promoting social justice, are essential to the practice of counseling. Counselors are expected to understand, internalize, and implement these ethical values ​​in order to help clients effectively and ensure that counseling takes place in a safe and trustworthy atmosphere. In addition, ethical values ​​that are important for a counselor in building a meaningful and effective relationship with clients include autonomy, not violating a code of ethics, fairness, and loyalty. Personal values ​​such as having faith and devotion to God Almighty, respecting human values ​​and individuality, and showing integrity and stability of personality also help strengthen the counselor-counselee relationship. By understanding, internalizing, and implementing these ethical and personal values, a counselor can build meaningful and effective relationships with his counselees, and carry out his duties and functions well at school. It is hoped that this research will provide an in-depth understanding of the ethical values ​​that are important in counseling practice. Keywords: Counselor Ethical Values, Interaction The purpose of this research is to investigate ethical values ​​that are important in building effective interactions between counselors and counselees in a counseling context. The research method used is literature study, by collecting data from various relevant literature. The data collection process involves reading, studying, examining and carefully examining hadith texts and related literature. Data analysis was carried out by organizing data into groups based on emerging themes, referring to the Lexy approach and content analysis. The research results show that ethics in counseling is a moral foundation that guides the behavior and interactions of counselors with their clients. The principles of counseling ethics, such as respecting human dignity and human rights, maintaining the confidentiality of client information, and promoting social justice, are essential to the practice of counseling. Counselors are expected to understand, internalize, and implement these ethical values ​​in order to help clients effectively and ensure that counseling takes place in a safe and trustworthy atmosphere. In addition, ethical values ​​that are important for a counselor in building a meaningful and effective relationship with clients include autonomy, not violating a code of ethics, fairness, and loyalty. Personal values ​​such as having faith and devotion to God Almighty, respecting human values ​​and individuality, and showing integrity and stability of personality also help strengthen the counselor-counselee relationship. By understanding, internalizing, and implementing these ethical and personal values, a counselor can build meaningful and effective relationships with his counselees, and carry out his duties and functions well at school. It is hoped that this research will provide an in-depth understanding of the ethical values ​​that are important in counseling practice.

Современность имени Иммануила Канта. К вопросу о теоретических и практических истоках проекта Модерна

The article discusses the question of the theoretical and practical origins of the project of Modernity in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. The theory of reflexive modernity was emerging in the second half of the 20th century. Ac­cording to its positions, historical development and social transformations derive their energy from resolving emerging contradictions through an appeal to the pub­lic reason. Modernity turns out to be a fundamentally mobile and dialogical process, the maintenance of which requires a complex culture of thought and ac­tion. The author offers a critical view at the optimistic sentiments of the theorists of the end of the last century, who considered the emerging contradictions to be fundamentally solvable. The ambiguous consequences of the end of globaliza­tion, the environmental crisis and the digitalization of everyday life turned out to be among the main reasons for rethinking the general framework of theorizing about modernity as a project that must be consistently implemented. The claim to build a general theory of modernity has given way to alarmist and situational discourses, although the influence of the Western rationalist attitude remains. The article hypothesizes that one of the reasons for the crisis of the philosophical narrative about modernity was the ideologization of Enlightenment thought. Thus, the ideas of I. Kant turned into ideologemes justifying the existing world order, the beneficiaries of which are a minority. The author shows that de­spite the existing grounds for this, we are talking about a private interpretation of the principles of practical philosophy of the German philosopher. Actual modernity can rightfully bear the name of Immanuel Kant, but it is the critical analysis of its most widespread interpretation that can be productive for solving the key problems of the modern world

Death Images in Michael Haneke’s Films

Although meditating on death has long been a central philosophical practice and is gaining prominence in modern European public discourse, certain misconceptions still persist. The Austrian filmmaker Michael Haneke does not shy away from confronting real and performed images of death, combining a denouncing cinematic approach with no less polemic aesthetic and ethical theories. Certainly, visually shocking and disturbing films can, in their own way, challenge the boundaries of what is thinkable, at times even touching upon the unthinkable. Images of death and death-related themes are particularly pervasive in Haneke’s films. His films raise significant philosophical and ethical questions about mortality, violence, death, and ageing. This analysis is a tentative attempt to map how Haneke explores representations of death and dying in Benny’s Video (1992) and Funny Games (1997), with particular reference to the rewind gesture depicted in both films. In doing so, it aims to examine the conversation such films prompt between moving images and the audience.

Koncepcja felicytologii Władysława Tatarkiewicza na tle współczesnych filozofii szczęścia

In the paper, I take up the problem of felicitology examined by Władysław Tatarkiewicz. I try to establish its place in practical philosophy, determine its relation to general ethics, analyse the definition of happiness given in it, and discuss the main theories of happiness. Finally, I show the uniqueness of Tatarkiewicz’s treatise O szczęściu [Analysis of Happiness] (1947) by juxtaposing it with similar works written nowadays by other Polish and Western European authors.

Construction and Development of the National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Drama and Film and Television Disciplines

Taking the National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of the Central Academy of Drama as an example, this article explores the construction and development of the National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for the practical teaching of drama and film and television disciplines. The article first introduces the background and importance of the demonstration center and then analyzes in depth the construction content and achievements of the demonstration center from four aspects: practical teaching philosophy, practical teaching system, practical teaching resources, and practical teaching effects. Finally, the article summarizes the experience and shortcomings of the demonstration center and proposes future development directions and suggestions.

오성다도(五性茶道)의 수양론과 서양철학의 비교 연구

This study explores the philosophical system of Oseong Tea Ceremony, founded by Ahn park Jong-han, and seeks to examine its integrative potential through a comparison with Western philosophy. Oseong Tea Ceremony emphasizes moral growth and holistic human cultivation by nurturing five qualities: physicality, spirituality, sociality, individuality, and sensibility. Ahn park Jong-han merged the traditional thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism to pursue inner development through tea ceremonies, which holds significant relevance in modern society. While existing research has inadequately compared Oseong Tea Ceremony with Western philosophy, this study aims to present the contemporary significance and philosophical similarities of Oseong Tea Ceremony through comparisons with plato's tripartite theory of the soul, Kant's moral philosophy, and Martin Buber's philosophy of relation. Through this analysis, the study discusses how Oseong Tea Ceremony can be established as a practical philosophy for holistic human growth.

Productive methodological principles of activity, thinking and communicationas a result of practical philosophy

The relevance of the proposed article is determined by the search in modern educational formats for the place and purpose of philosophy as a historically proven way of forming a culture of thinking. The methodological principles of this intellectual activity can be applied in politics, economics, educational systems, scientific and applied disciplines, as well as in the activities of many other social institutions. In addition, the article high-lights important aspects of personal development in the field of ethics, and it follows that philosophy should give a person not only pragmatic advice, but also bring high moral standards into his life. Since modern so-ciety is increasingly focused on the applied nature of the knowledge it receives, philosophy, which is the most theoretically developed form of knowledge, is looking for new ways to further develop and implement into everyday practice the ways of rational organization of human life and society. In the modern situation, when most people get acquainted with philosophy within the framework of a certain educational program as knowledge already ready and fixed in specific texts, often experiencing difficulties in mastering it, it is im-portant, from our point of view, to pay attention to the connection of philosophical teachings with the real needs of man and society. This is also what many modern authors say, one way or another connected with the process of studying and teaching philosophy. The authors' proposed version of understanding the practical applicability of philosophy as a methodology for achieving productive results of activity, thinking and com-munication can be considered as a response to the request of a modern person regarding the effectiveness of independent intellectual efforts in achieving personal and social well-being.

Exploring Buddhist Literature and Philosophical Counseling Techniques: A Pathway to Social and Cultural Resilience in Strengthening Asia

Buddhism, one of the most profound philosophical systems in Asia, has historically influenced the social, cultural, and intellectual fabric of many Asian societies. This study explores the literature of Buddhism and the techniques of Buddhist philosophical counseling, investigating their contemporary relevance and impact on strengthening the socio-cultural cohesion across Asia. The motivations behind this study stem from the need to understand how ancient wisdom can address modern-day challenges such as mental health crises, social fragmentation, and ethical dilemmas. By examining canonical Buddhist texts and contemporary interpretations, this research seeks to demonstrate how Buddhist teachings—particularly those related to mindfulness, compassion, and interdependence—can be applied through counseling practices to enhance individual well-being and foster collective harmony. The methodology involves a comprehensive review of Buddhist literature, along with qualitative analysis of case studies where Buddhist philosophical counseling has been effectively integrated into modern counseling practices in Asian contexts. The major conclusions indicate that Buddhist techniques offer a unique approach to counseling, emphasizing inner transformation and ethical living, which align with the core values of many Asian societies. This study holds significant implications, as it highlights how Buddhist counseling not only addresses individual psychological needs but also promotes social solidarity, cultural continuity, and regional unity in Asia, especially in times of globalization and rapid modernization. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how ancient Buddhist philosophies can be effectively harnessed to address the contemporary issues facing Asia today, reinforcing both personal growth and collective resilience.

PERSPEKTIF PANDANGAN IMAN KRISTIANI TERHADAP FILSAFAT OKULTISME: HERMITISISME DAN KABBALAH

Kabbalah and Hermitism are often unwittingly adopted into the practice of Christian theology due to the clergy's ignorance of this occult philosophical knowledge. The practice of occult philosophy sometimes unconsciously enters into the social practice of Christian society, especially those that are thick with local culture. The concept of cultural inculturation is a legitimization that is often used as an excuse to announce the practice. The purpose of this writing is to provide theological thinking insights into the philosophical practices of the Kabbalah occult and Hermitism so that the church returns to the true teachings and is based on the principles of the Christian faith. This research method uses a qualitative method based on literature research, observation of social conditions, community culture, and history. The results of the study show that the practices of Philosophy, Kabbalah Occultism and Hermitism inadvertently inculturate the socio-pastoral conditions of the Christian faith, which also has an impact on legalized religious ritual actions.

Revisiting Yoga and Kuṇḍalinī for Understanding the Indian Way of Philosophical Counselling

Revisiting Yoga and Kuṇḍalinī for Understanding the Indian Way of Philosophical Counselling

Wittgenstein's critical Philosophy of Mathematical Practice

AbstractOn the one hand, I show that the later Wittgenstein's practice‐based approach to meaning, including the idea that the meaningfulness of mathematics ultimately is rooted in the everyday ‘applications’ it emerged from, as well as his insistence on the variability in and contingency of mathematical and mathematics‐like practices, foreshadows more recent work in Philosophy of Mathematical Practice (PMP), although Wittgenstein's approach was more radically practice‐based than what is prevalent in present‐day PMP. On the other hand, I also show that Wittgenstein's work on mathematics is driven by a pervasive critical attitude towards some key characteristics (monism, foundationalism and exceptionalism) of mainstream philosophical discourse about mathematics (then and now), which is mostly absent from present‐day PMP, and I argue that this aspect of Wittgenstein's work on mathematics could inspire present‐day practitioners of PMP to rethink the identity of their discipline.

For a philosophy of doubt Norberto Bobbio and the Enlightenment of dialogue

This paper intends to reconstruct Norberto Bobbio’s philosophical-cultural itinerary by focusing attention on “doubt” as a category of thought. The Enlightenment legacy and its revival in Bobbio’s path represent a key to understanding our contemporary world; dialogue is the correlate of doubt, a philosophical practice that constantly problematizes and critically examines all instances. Bobbio has explored various fields of knowledge, both practical and theoretical, always keeping in the foreground the need to understand through a critical opening; the same political militancy in the process of resistance and liberation makes him a non-negligible voice of high educational value for generations to come.