Practical Philosophy Research Articles

From Zeno ad infinitum: Iterative Reasonings in Early Greek Philosophy

Abstract This paper considers some aspects of the early conception and use of the infinite in ancient Greece, in the spirit of recent results in the history of ancient mathematics. It follows aspects of the practice of reasoning ad infinitum from the extant corpus of and about Zeno of Elea up to early Hellenistic examples in Aristotle and Euclid. Starting with the idea of ‘reasoning from indefinite iteration’, based on the metalogical recognition of the unachievability of an inference process, it identifies several different classes of more or less sophisticated arguments that make use of this idea, and examines the logical devices and notions required for their acceptance in the philosophical practice. Those include ‘Infinite regress’ properly speaking, where Non-Contradiction is used in the formation of indirect infinitary arguments.

Detection of words versus good old counting: A note on Mizrahi and Dickinson, “The analytic‐continental divide in philosophical practice”

AbstractIn a recent Metaphilosophy article, Moti Mizrahi and Michael Dickinson argue against characterizing the divide between analytical and continental philosophy as a divide in the use of arguments. This hypothesis is rejected on the basis of a text‐mining approach. The present paper argues that the results they extracted do not answer the questions they set out to answer as well as would have been possible. This is due to Mizrahi and Dickinson's choice to disregard duplicate occurrences of argument word pairs, their main indicator for the occurrence of arguments in articles. This paper reconstructs their method by now also counting duplicates. A small corpus (n = 436) of recent (2015–2021) analytical and continental articles is used to rerun the experiment; the results oppose Mizrahi and Dickinson's and suggest that arguments (as operationalized by Mizrahi and Dickinson) occur more in analytical articles. The paper argues that part of the discrepancy derives from the specific methodological choices they made.

Choosing and avoiding:

The pursuit of understanding the phýsis (physiology) is a never-ending philosophical activity that leads to a praxis (pragmateía) which manifests itself in every choice (haíresin) and in every rejection (phygèn) made by man as he acts in agreement to the knowledge he has of the nature of things. To choose and to reject is only possible for those who place the principle of action in themselves (autarkeía). Thus, Epicurus ethics is grounded on the understanding of the phýsis, which means, in this context, to rid oneself of ignorance and unwarranted (irrational) fears; misbeliefs and opinions accepted and disseminated by the multitude of the senseless. It is posited here that the relation between physiologia and ethics assures coherence to Epicurus’ philosophical praxis. The present paper’s objective is to make explicit the meaning the term autarkeía acquires in Epicurus’ thought in the context of Letter of Epicurus to Menoeceus, Principal Doctrines, and Vatican Sayings. Freedom (eleutheria) shows itself thru the ongoing exercise of choosing what is desired and rejecting what is harmful; that is, freedom is only possible thru a conduct based on self-sufficiency. Knowledge realizes itself thru action; the same is true for ignorance.

PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION IS APPLIED PHILOSOPHY; DYNAMIC PROCESS; AGAINST IDEOLOGICAL INDOCTRINATION; CONCERNS PEDAGOGICAL OBJECTIVES: A LITERATURE REVIEW

It is strongly considered that the philosophy of education is a potential branch of practical philosophy in pedagogy. It investigates the nature of education as well as its objectives and obstacles. It also includes the examination of educational theories, the presuppositions present in them, and the arguments for and against them. Education can, generally, be defined as a taxonomical process through which a student or an adult gains cognition, experience, skill and reliable attitude. It makes an individual, knowledgeable, civilized, refined, cultured, accommodative, wise and enlightened. In order to have a civilized and socialized society, education is the only reliable means across the world. A country’s core values of culture are considered by what is taught in its educational institutions. Some of the values are: individualism, cleanliness, languages, achievements, work, morality, concern for others, value of time, equality, social liberty etc. In addition to it, ideological indoctrination plays a vital role in imparting dogmatism or blind faith and so it should be eliminated from teaching. By and large, the goal of education is to make an individual consummate personally, morally and socially. According to Benjamin Bloom, education is categorized into cognitive domain, psychomotor domain and affective domain.

자아존중감 제고를 위한 ‘철학하기’ 방법 모색

This study aims to find ways to improve self-esteem and self-efficacy that can be undermined by negative psychological conditions such as stress and depression that young people who are about to join the army will experience new freedom and rights while passing through the gate of enlistment. To this end, the commentator proposes “philosophy”. Philosophical counseling and children's philosophical education methods are proposed, but both activities include third-party intervention. However, due to the nature of adolescence, they may not easily allow them to share their psychological situations and environments with others. For that reason, I would like to find a way to a philosophy that dismantles the intervention of third parties. In the case of philosophical counseling, it is true that the philosophical capacity of a counselor is required, and in the case of children's philosophical education, the philosophical capacity of a philosophy teacher is required. However, since these activities ultimately aim to recognize human problems, that is, my problems, and solve them on my own, I hope that if specific programs and plans are accompanied, the negative psychological situation will be improved without the intervention of third parties. As a consequence, it is suggested that some of the contents of the positive psychology program, whose effectiveness has been partially proven through experiments, can be used. In this study, a very detailed and specific program development was not attempted to resolve the negativity of the psychological situation of young people. Research on this will have to be conducted for a very long time and very carefully. However, it is not easy because the duty of national defense is natural, and it is necessary to recognize that the psychological situation of young people may not be healthy, and that efforts for them are necessary and valuable.

The Sophists’ Detractors and Plato’s Representation of Socrates

Abstract In several dialogues Socrates criticizes negative comments made against a sophist or the sophists. I show that Socrates’ target really is the sophists’ detractor, not the sophists themselves. From these passages I draw two broader conclusions. First, Plato’s defence of Socrates’ memory sometimes relies on creating a parallel between sophists and Socrates, rather than distinguishing between them and him. Secondly, Socratic philosophical practice has a widely neglected feature: examining and correcting the criticism made by his interlocutors against others.

Paul Cohen’s philosophy of mathematics and its reflection in his mathematical practice

This paper studies Paul Cohen’s philosophy of mathematics and mathematical practice as expressed in his writing on set-theoretic consistency proofs using his method of forcing. Since Cohen did not consider himself a philosopher and was somewhat reluctant about philosophy, the analysis uses semiotic and literary textual methodologies rather than mainstream philosophical ones. Specifically, I follow some ideas of Lévi-Strauss’s structural semiotics and some literary narratological methodologies. I show how Cohen’s reflections and rhetoric attempt to bridge what he experiences as an uncomfortable tension between reality and the formal by means of his notion of intuition.

Book Review: The ruthless critique of everything existing: Nature and revolution in Marcuse’s philosophy of praxis

Book Review: The ruthless critique of everything existing: Nature and revolution in Marcuse’s philosophy of praxis

THE PROBLEM OF DEFINING THE WORLDVIEW PARADIGM OF GRIGORY SKOVORODA’S PHILOSOPHY (CRITICAL AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS)

The article attempts to define a worldview paradigm in the philosophy of H. Skovoroda. In historical and philosophical studies, there is a certain difference of opinion regarding the evaluation of the main provisions of the Ukrainian’s enlightener philosophy. Scientists emphasize the manifestations of pantheism, dualism, pluralism and mysticism in the work of H. Skovoroda. This is a palette of mutually exclusive definitions of the main philosophies of the thinker.The conducted critical analysis of the Skovoroda’s philosophical heritage allows us to reveal the deistic direction of his worldview positions. However, compared to the conceptual presentation of deism by the founder of the French Enlightenment of the 18th century, F. Walter, the philosophical deistic positions of H. Skovoroda have their own characteristics. The deistic tendencies of Walter’s worldview are based on the principles of rationalism. They permeate the foundations of his theoretical and practical philosophy. The Ukrainian enlightener’s principle of deism is based on manifestations of the highest divine wisdom. They include rational forms of existence and knowledge, spiritual and practical, moral foundations of human existence.

The amalgamation of eastern and western philosophies within Idokan Karate

Every school of the Japanese martial art of karate possesses special values and norms unique to its practice. Unsurprisingly, the philosophy of Idokan karate is therefore similar to other schools while remaining distinct in the myriad of martial art practices. Idokan karate possesses a practical philosophy (i.e., applicable to everyday life) influenced by Eastern and Western belief systems that are internalized and utilized by its practitioners as forms of today’s civilian warrior path. This single case study examines the prominent Idokan ethics, values, and rules as well as details its specific and symbolic content. It makes use of the hermeneutic phenomenology research method to present a content analysis of literature on Idokan within the wider discourse of martial arts studies. A broad discourse analysis of these topics in both scientific studies and popular publications was conducted. In doing so, this study’s practical implications are that it not only provides a glimpse into the uniqueness of Idokan karate philosophy but also into that of the vastness of the great martial arts menagerie. Idokan karate philosophy is derived distinctively from its founders’ understandings of Chinese and Japanese martial arts, Taoism, and Christianity and dictates practitioners a unique morality. Such teleology comes from special values, rules, and aims embedded in Idokan teachings. In normative ethics, the Decalogue and nobility of spirit (the Homo Creator Nobilis) are most important. Tao in Idokan is understood as God’s Word, the principle of love, and the way of (Christian) heaven.

On the Nationalized Artistic Creation under Marxist Theory of Literature and Art

Marxist theory of literature and art is a theoretical result of in-depth analysis and examination of literary and artistic phenomena on the basis of practical materialism philosophy and the basic principles of aesthetics. It is not only a profound revelation of the nature and law of art, but also an advanced theoretical thought with distinct national characteristics and times characteristics, which plays an important role in promoting the prosperity of literature and art. From the perspective of Marxist literature and art theory, this paper summarizes the close connection between nationalized creation and Marxist literature and art theory, and provides a beneficial exploration for the better development of future artistic creation through the in-depth study of China's traditional excellent national spirit and culture.

The role of lean organizations management in achieving quality educational services

Agility has an important role in many organizations، so the management of agile organizations as a role in improving the changing quality / education services، which in turn is reflected in the development of the organization and making it agile in a rapidly growing environment، so this research focused on clarifying the role of organization management. Agile in improving the quality of educational service، and the answer to it is aimed at clarifying the intellectual mplications and theoretical and practical philosophy of these variables (agile organizations management، educational service quality). This research falls into two main sections: The first section included the research methodology، and theoretical approaches to the research variables and its dimensions، and the second section presented the practical framework for the research hypotheses، as well as its conclusions and recommendations. The "research sample" was epresented by a group of teachers and students in public and private secondary schools in Tikrit، by testing the relationships of influence and correlation between the research variables (management of agile organizations، quality of educational service)، The descriptive analytical method was adopted، as well as the selection of a sample of teachers and students، numbering (93) students، by adopting a questionnaire as a measurement tool، and the data was processed through the statistical program (SPSS:21) to prove the validity of the research hypotheses. agile organization management، educational service quality)، And the use of the correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination as statistical methods، and the most prominent conclusions reached by the research in the theoretical and field framework، the most important of which was the presence of a positive moral correlation between the management of the agile organizations combined and the quality of the educational service for schools the research sample in terms of its variables according to the value of the relationship The total level. And based on conclusions، among which the research، the research presented some of the recommendations، the most important of which is the necessity for schools to pay attention to the subject of agility، by carrying out the implementation of agile administrative procedures so that each step adds value to achieve quality. Educational service and through performance its educational operations without failures or malfunctions.

Educating professional counselors about the social determinants of mental health

AbstractThe social determinants of health (access to quality health care; economic stability; high‐impact educational opportunities; community safety and support; and connected social networks) play a central role in individual health and wellness. These determinants and others also impact individual mental health and wellness. A shift is required in the preparation of counselors toward training students and current practitioners to assess, diagnose, and treat mental health issues through a social determinants’ lens. While the Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs and counseling ethics require that counseling training focus on diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging, there is no mention of the social determinants in any guidelines. We present a rationale for including the social determinants as a core component of counselor preparation and provide examples to facilitate the incorporation of the social determinants into counselor education curriculum and continuing education efforts.

Времена жизни: русские хокку

It has long been known that poetic and philosophical attitudes to the world are interrelated, although mutual opposition and repulsion are also common. The idea of the real complexity of the interaction of poetry and philosophy is contained in a variety of types of poetic and philosophical practice, as well as concepts reflecting them. No less interesting is the practical implementation of these relations in the life and work of modern Russian poets and philosophers. One of them is Vladimir Natanovich Porus. We are starting a new section of the journal with his poetry collection. We invite readers to speak out.

Utopia After the “End of History”: Addressing the Crisis of Future in Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez’s Philosophy of Praxis

ABSTRACT This article engages in the contemporary discussion on utopia by exploring Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez’s philosophy. The fall of the Berlin Wall has led to debates about the “end of history” and to doubts about the possibility of achieving the ideals and values embedded within the Marxist utopia. To deal with this challenge, contemporary scholars have revisited Marxist tradition to recover the hope stemming from utopia. However, these readings have not taken into consideration Sánchez Vázquez’s contribution to this topic. With a view to addressing this omission, this article analyzes philosophical assumptions underlying Sánchez Vázquez’s approach. By exploring his Philosophy of Praxis and by highlighting its anthropological assumptions, this study demonstrates the extent to which his works provide theoretical underpinnings and resources for contesting contemporary discourses on the “end of history” and for recovering utopia after the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Definitions in practice: An interview study

In the philosophy of mathematical practice, the aim is to understand the various aspects of this practice. Even though definitions are a central element of mathematical practice, the study of this aspect of mathematical practice is still in its infancy. In particular, there is little empirical evidence to substantiate claims about definitions in practice. In this article, we address this gap by reporting on an empirical investigation on how mathematicians create definitions and which roles and properties they attribute to them. On the basis of interviews with thirteen research mathematicians, we provide a broad range of relevant aspects of definitions. In particular, we address various roles of definitions and show that definitions are not just a product of mathematical factors, but also of social and contingent factors. Furthermore, we provide concrete examples of how mathematicians interact and think about definition. This broad empirical basis with a variety of examples provides an optimal starting point for future investigations into definitions in mathematical practice.

Happiness in Kant’s Practical Philosophy: Morality, Indirect Duties, and Welfare Rights

Happiness in Kant’s Practical Philosophy: Morality, Indirect Duties, and Welfare Rights

On Dennis Schmidt: The Sensibility of Understanding as Practical Philosophy

On Dennis Schmidt: The Sensibility of Understanding as Practical Philosophy

Gathering effects: structuralist activity in Form, 1966-69

ABSTRACT The collision of constructivist artistic practice and structuralist philosophy was showcased in the journal Form, published from 1966 to 1969 out of Cambridge, England. Concrete poetry flourished alongside kinetic art; architecture dissolved into environmental design; experimentation with new media techniques replaced expressions of meaning. This essay describes how the editorial work that brought Form into being served to gather disparate strands into a shared disciplinary agenda that marks an apotheosis of 1960s visual art.

Knowledge-Based Religious Behavior: From Philosophical Critic towards Synergy in Diversity Amidst the Anthropocentrism Era

This study is conducted to criticize religious behavior in recent times. This study aims to answer the problem of how to create togetherness by synergy (ukhuwah) mobilizing all components in the context of life in a nation and state. The data of this study were obtained from library sources by applying a library research model with an interdisciplinary approach. The results of the study showed that universal ideas about diversity can be accepted by every intelligent human being. Moreover, there are three main conditions to implement them (universal ideas about diversity). They are; first, Maximum mastery of science and knowledge. Second, Justice reinforcement for human equality. Third, total submission and self-approach to God Almighty. Religion is the most precise medium to describe the true nature of humanity because religion does not only talk about physical things but also beyond human physics. Therefore, a human must understand that togetherness is realized based on humanity, understanding universal values and similar points of diversity, sharpening the function of mind via philosophical practice approach as a method of thinking, mobilizing ukhuwah as the part of net-working the people, and synergize the dimension of heaven and dimension of earth toward intellectual and social piety.