This paper explores the application and relationship between Arendts political judgment and Kants aesthetic judgment in music education. Arendts theory emphasizes the agency and sense of responsibility of individuals in socio-political contexts, while Kants theory elucidates how individuals experience and evaluate beauty from an aesthetic perspective. The paper first separately elaborates on these two theories and their educational implications, then discusses their potential applications and challenges in music education. A comparative analysis reveals the complementarity and synergistic effects of both in music education, proposing an integrative educational model to facilitate students comprehensive development. This study enriches the theoretical foundation of music education and provides new teaching strategies. It is of significant importance for constructing a harmonious, just, and vibrant society, and also offers new perspectives and insights for the development of music education philosophy.