Phenomenon Of Sexual Harassment Research Articles

Sexual harassment as a gender inequality and a form of workplace discrimination: A South African perspective

Sexual harassment is not a new phenomenon in South Africa. The continued existence of sexual harassment in the workplace specifically targeted at female employees undermines the constitutional rights to equality, human dignity, privacy, physical and psychological integrity, and fair labour practices. Against this backdrop, this article examines the different contributory factors that exacerbate or provide an enabling environment for sexual harassment to persist namely; gender inequality, sexist attitudes, and inefficient grievance procedures. Using an in-depth analysis of literature scholarly works, government reports, and legislative frameworks aimed at preventing sexual harassment in the workplace, and the selected jurisprudence of the courts, this article scrutinises the phenomenon of sexual harassment as a gendered harm. It evaluates whether there are adequate measures aimed at assisting victims of sexual harassment and gender inequalities in South Africa. Finally, in its conclusion, the article argues that, for labour legislation to efficiently address the prevalence of sexual harassment it should adopt a threefold function namely to address sexual harassment as a form of an unfair labour practice, gender discrimination and psychosocial harm.

“How do I tell the story?”: Exploring sexual harassment and victimization among male students in Nigerian universities

The paper investigated the phenomenon of sexual harassment in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. It however differs from the well-trodden path of perceiving sexual harassment as limited to the female gender. Sexual harassment is an old phenomenon that has ravaged societies and institutions for decades but has not yet been fully comprehended as a problem afflicting both genders in the society. Conventionally, sexual harassment was perceived as tool used by men to exhibit dominance over women. Incidentally, the paper utilizing qualitative methods of study discovered that even men (mainly male students and men in lower positions in organizations) experienced sexual harassment at one point or another in their lives. It also found out that these experiences are hardly reported or investigated. This situation derives mainly from the patriarchal nature of the African society where men are not socialized to express their pains and emotions openly as the society sees men as the stronger gender. In view of the foregoing, the paper makes a strong case for the utilization of social work approach among other strategies in tackling the problems faced by these silent victims of sexual harassment in tertiary institutions.

Investigating the Culture Around Sexual Harassment in First-Generation Universities in Southwestern Nigeria: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

The phenomenon of sexual harassment (SH) is a complex issue with multiple prongs that concerns all members of academia and raises serious challenges, particularly regarding prevention and response. SH in tertiary institutions remains a huge problem worldwide, leading to severe emotional, academic, and career difficulties, as well as undue suffering. Institutions have responded in various ways to alleviate the burden of SH with little success, especially in Nigeria. The prevalence is high but reportage is low because of the culture of silence around SH in most educational institutions. This study aims to identify factors associated with SH in tertiary institutions in Nigeria and explore factors surrounding reportage or nonreportage following the experience of SH, the institutional mechanisms to prevent and respond to SH, and the lived experience of survivors of SH. The objective of this study was to present a study protocol that is designed to identify factors associated with the experience of SH in tertiary institutions in Nigeria, the institutional mechanisms to prevent and respond to SH, and the lived experience of survivors of SH. A mixed (quantitative and qualitative) methods approach is used consisting of a policy review of existing antisexual harassment policies in the selected universities, a quantitative survey to determine the correlates of SH, focus group discussions to explore the perspectives of the university community concerning SH, in-depth interviews to explore the lived experiences of survivors of SH, and key informant interviews to understand the perspectives of people who provide interventions to survivors. This study was funded in July 2022 by the Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa, and data collection started in November 2022. The SH policies were comprehensive, with clear policy statements and definitions, and recognized a wide range of survivors and perpetrators. However, there was no clear mention of prevention and response to same-sex SH. Lived experiences showed negative psychological and social sequelae and little institutional support. This is the first study that has a component investigating same-sex SH in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. This is also one of the first studies to explore the lived experiences of survivors of SH in Nigerian universities. The findings from this study suggest that periodic evaluation of SH policy implementation will improve institutional support, thus creating safe spaces for survivors and will thereby encourage reportage and support; prevention and response strategies need to be more inclusive; and more interventions should focus on strengthening prosocial skills and healthy, equitable relationships. DERR1-10.2196/49126.

Am I vulnerable? Researcher positionality and affect in research on gendered vulnerabilities

In this article, I draw on arts-based approaches and new materialist affect theory in order to explore possibilities to attune research outputs to researcher vulnerability. These approaches and theorisations challenge conventional research practices geared toward creating distance between the researcher and their research, and work towards dissolving hierarchical distinctions between assumedly invulnerable researchers and vulnerable participants. In doing so, they pave the way for attuning research work to the complex interplay of difference and sameness as it unfolds and surfaces in the process of researching gendered vulnerabilities. By presenting a piece of poetic writing that engages with research encounters within a project on sexual harassment and young people, I tap into the troubled affect, the constant interplay of difference, shifting alignments, and ultimate entwinements between the researcher, the phenomenon of sexual harassment, and the research participants and other involved actors. Based on my inquiry, I propose attending to vulnerability through affect theory as an encompassing and dynamic state of being affected and affecting others, both in violent ways and in ways that aim to build solidarity and empathy.

The Phenomenon of Harassment Among University Students (Applied study on the University of Mutah)

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the phenomenon of sexual harassment, its causes, and the locations where female students at Mu'tah University experience it. Additionally, it aimed to determine the variations in the occurrence of harassment among female students of Mu'tah University based on factors such as year of study, age, college residency and monthly income
 Methods: The study employed a descriptive analytical approach, and the study population consisted of 432 students. A sexual harassment questionnaire was developed, comprising a total of 35 paragraphs.
 Results: The study's findings revealed patterns in the occurrence of harassment, significant differences related to various factors, and insights into the phenomenon of harassment among Mu'tah University students. These factors included the year of study, place of residence, and monthly income.
 Conclusions: This research lays the foundation for future studies on harassment. It also suggests that the university should establish dedicated centers in collaboration with other institutions to explore these phenomena. Such efforts would contribute to fostering a supportive environment characterized by order and stability.

Pelecehan Seksual Dalam Dunia Kerja Spg Rokok

Sexual harassment in Cigarette girls’ workplace. This study examines how the cigarette girls view their works and sexual harassment in the workplace, examines the form of sexual harassment that happen to them, how they react to it, and examines the background of the sexual harassment experienced by the cigarette girls in the workplace.
 The method used is qualitative approach of Phenomenology which examines the result of subject’s interview to the level of meaning. Data used in this study were obtained from verbal and non verbal language that was done by the cigarette girls during the interview and observation. Active cigarette girls in Bandung were selected as subjects of this study. The selected informants who experienced the phenomenon of sexual harassment were interviewed based on their willingness to be able to describe their experience consciously.
 Based on the researched that was done, it is concluded that cigarette girls viewed their works as a fun job with high requirement but has negative image to it. The cigarette girls understood that sexual harassment happens in the workplace as violence to the personal will to decide, verbal and non verbal language that shouldn’t be said, disrespectful action, and power abuse. Cigarette girls viewed the form of sexual harassments is through verbal language, non verbal language, and imaging. Cigarette girls’ on reactions to sexual harassment in accordance with the form of sexual harassment, through verbal and non verbal language. It was examined that there were two factors triggered the sexual harassment to cigarette girls, subject and victim; previous mindset of negative images attached to cigarette girls and negative behaviors done by several of them outside the context of their works triggered the sexual harassment to take place.

Hidden Sexuality in Art : Representation of Sexuality Harassment in Film "Penyalin Cahaya"

The phenomenon of sexual harassment is a phenomenon that is most often discussed by society today. The reason is, this phenomenon becomes so important because it is not only in the community, but also get into the educational environment, especially the campus environment. Also some victims are still invisible and do not get a fair solution, because there are factors that still cover up so that the victim remains silent and cannot move. This is where art becomes a place to express how the phenomenon of sexual harassment occurs. With art, artists can illustrate how sexual harassment is a phenomenon that is still invisible and is only considered small by some people. This is where the filmmaker makes the issue between sexual harassment and art become an idea to make a film. This research aims to explain to the public how sexual harassment is represented behind the art in the film “Penyalin Cahaya/Photocopier”. This type of research here uses a qualitative research method of Roland Barthes semiotic analysis. The results of this semiotic analysis show that the film “Penyalin Cahaya/Photocopier” represents sexual harassment behind of art. From the results of the study, several findings were found: (1) the Medusa character illustrates the goddes of sexual harassment victims; (2) The results of abstract photos taken from victim’s body parts; (3) God costume and fogging implementation. This research concludes that the film “Penyalin Cahaya/Photocopier” describes how acts of sexual harassment are carried out that hide behind the art.

Towards a history of sexual harassment in the workplace, Mexico city (1920-1950)

In response to the phenomenon of sexual harassment, feminists have taken to the streets, painted statues and public walls, and organized for change. This essay respondsto the calls of Mexican feminist scholars for an approach to sexual harassment that takes into consideration the specificities of Mexican realities. The essay examinesthe conditions that shaped sexual harassment in the 1920s in Mexico City, taking into account the participation of women in the workforce, the cultural representation ofworking women, and legal, institutional, and cultural spaces that shaped the space within which women could speak out against sexual harassment.

THE ROLE OF GENDER, RACE AND AGE IN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY VALUES OF BUSINESS

The article investigates the role of gender, race and age in the values of corporate social responsibility of business, which is of great importance for the formation of a humanistic vision in human resources management. They present the practice of sustainable development at the company level in the context of social initiatives, anti-discrimination vectors, corporate social responsibility of business, equality of opportunities for men and women, people of different races and ages. The object of research is the phenomena of gender, race and age in the values of corporate social responsibility of business. The subject of the research is the influence of gender, race and age on the values of corporate social responsibility of business. The purpose is to conceptualize the theoretical and practical aspects of the role of gender, race and age in the values of corporate social responsibility of business. The methodology of analyzing the role of gender, race and age in the values of corporate social responsibility of business is based on the following methods and approaches systemic (bringing everything into the system), structural and functional (analysis of functions), anthropological (analysis of the human dimension of gender), substantive (analysis of the substantive expression of policy), existential (analysis of human existence), phenomenological (analysis of phenomena), hermeneutic (analysis of works), Agile-methodology (flexibility, adaptability), which allowed to bring everything into the conceptual system of knowledge, principles, methods in the values of corporate social responsibility of business. The result of the research. The bases for discrimination on gender, race and age, which are defined and prohibited in many international documents, are revealed. The conceptual and categorical apparatus – gender, gender approach, sex, race, age in the context of the dimensions of corporate social responsibility of business is analyzed and their characteristics and interpretation are given. The phenomenon of sexual harassment in the workplace is analyzed and the phenomenon of discrimination against women in wages is clarified. The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and diversity management is formed. In science, there is a distinction between the “identification” concept of gender, which currently dominates academic discussions about gender in the West, and the “relational” concept of gender, which is the result of gender studies in anthropology and ethnology.

Advancing Knowledge About Sexual Harassment Is a Critical Aspect of Organizational Development for All Employees

Sexual harassment remains prevalent in the workplace as well as a significant financial burden for organizations. Given the cost associated with sexual harassment, reputational damage, and internal disturbances, sexual harassment is a mounting apprehension because senior managers are responsible for bestowing an organizational culture that is intolerant to such engrossed behavior. It is imperative to explore how workplace stories and office talk are influenced by organizational culture and how organizational culture affects the workers' perceptions of Me Too and consequences of sexual harassment. Understanding the phenomenon of sexual harassment at work is vital to shaping organizational culture, behavior, and policies aimed at reducing sexual misconduct at work. Existing research indicates that 81% of women and 43% of men have experienced an aspect of sexual harassment. This study uses a content analysis exploration of the literature to better understand the impact and solutions to sexual harassment in the workplace.

“The balance of power is me: 0, Harvey Weinstein: 10”: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the press representation of Hollywood’s biggest sexual harassment scandal

On 5 October 2017, The New York Times published an article in which Harvey Weinstein was accused of sexual harassment by five women. The scandal grew to enormous proportions as more allegations against him followed. This led to the #MeToo and TIME'S UP movements, initiatives to fight sexual harassment in the workplace. Given that media discourse can have an impact on the knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours of the public regarding these phenomena (van Dijk 1989), this study adopts a Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) perspective and explores how power and gender inequality are sustained, (re)shaped and/or challenged by focusing on the reporting of the Harvey Weinstein case which - to the author's best knowledge - has not been analysed before in the field of linguistics. It draws from the systemic functional linguistics and the discourse-historical approach and it examines the way the perpetrator, the accusers and the phenomenon of sexual harassment were discursively constructed in five key articles published in the New York Times. The findings differ in a major way from existing research on sexual violence against women in that 1) the perpetrator, Weinstein, was depicted with clear ascription of agency, 2) women victims' voices and feelings were foregrounded, 3) the link between sexual harassment and the social context in which it occurs was discussed.

Are male nurses sexually harassed? A cross-sectional study in the Greek Health System

BackgroundThe #MeToo and #Times Up movements have put a global spotlight on the phenomenon of sexual harassment in healthcare. Yet, most studies have explored sexual harassment among female professionals. This study departs from current research practices and investigates the frequency of sexual harassment in male nurses working in the Greek NHS and the reasons for not reporting their experiences.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ) to collect data from 507 male nurses working in Greece's various settings during October and February 2021. The electronic survey was sent to male nurses (n=3,091 registered with the Hellenic Association of Nurses. Survey items were consent form, demographics, three-dimensions of sexual harassment, silencing and negative consequences. Questions were measured using five-point Likert scales, binary scale and multiple-choice questions. ANOVA and T-tests were used to investigate whether specific groups more frequently dealt with sexual harassment. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between independent variables (sexually harassing behaviours) and the dependent variable (participants' negative physical, mental, and job-related outcomes).Results40% of male nurses have experienced sexual harassment at least once in their working lives, and the most common form of sexual harassment faced was gender harassment, followed by unwanted sexual attention. Male doctors and male nurses were the most common perpetrators. Private and younger male nurses with up to 5 years of experience experienced more frequent sexual harassment. 30% did not report sexual harassment due to the fear that no one would believe them, and because of beliefs, no action would be taken against the wrongdoer. Multiple regression analyses showed that unwanted sexual attention and sexual coercion were associated with physical and job-related outcomes. Cronbach Alpha was 0.91.ConclusionA high proportion of male nurses have experienced sexual harassment during their careers. Being younger with limited working experience and working in the private sector were positively associated with sexual harassment. Policymakers and health managers should focus on sexual harassment prevention strategies and report-enabling policies.

Literature Review: Intervensi Kebidanan Terkini Peningkatan Sikap Orang Tua dalam Memberikan Pendidikan Seksual Pada Anak untuk Pencegahan Child Sexual Abuse

Child sexual abuse cases reported in Indonesia are still high. Sexual issues are still taboo in society, parents in Indonesia don't care about sexual education for their children. Sexual education is important given to straighten understanding and positive sexual behavior of children. Providing appropriate sexual education can equip children to protect themselves from sexual abuse. Parents need to support and facilities to provide sexual education for their children. This study aimed to critically review literature, articles, and related documents research in measuring the effectiveness of health promotion interventions to improve parents' attitudes in providing sexual education for children as an effort in preventing child sexual abuse. In this study, researchers use the literature review method. Data were obtained from reputable journal articles published in the 2010-2020 period. To analysis the research, researchers use the PICO-T RCAC method (Population, Intervention, Compare / Intervention, Outcome, Time). Ten articles analyzed show that the interventions provided varied greatly in terms of content, methods, media, and duration. Interventions are training, counseling, psychoeducation, and educational drama that can improve parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and communication practices in preventing child sexual abuse and increasing parental awareness of the phenomenon of sexual harassment around their children. This study concludes that some health promotion interventions have been effective in improving parents' attitudes to be more positive in providing sexual education to their children.

Sexual Harassment Discourse in News Portal delfi.lt: 2017-2018

The definition of sexual harassment is mostly based on its legal regulation and is stated to be one of the forms of discrimination based on sex. However, such designation does not reveal social, psychological, economic, etc. sides of this phenomenon. Therefore, this article pays a lot of attention to the analysis of the phenomenon of sexual harassment, based on the insights of Lithuanian and foreign scientists, examines its forms, causes, consequences, and provides statistical information. As there are no scientific insights into the representation of sexual harassment in the media in Lithuania, research insights from foreign researchers are presented. This article presents an exploratory study of the representation of sexual harassment on the news portal delfi.lt, conducted during the analysis of 2017- 2018 publications. The aim of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of the representation of sexual harassment on the delfi.lt news portal. The research found that the topic of sexual harassment appears on the news portal only in the context of certain events, in this case the #metoo movement; there is a lack of analytical publications that would cover a broader context than the statement of facts; the experience of potential victims is presented as an individual problem.

To Be there when it Happened: Immersive Journalism, Empathy, and Opinion on Sexual Harassment

ABSTRACTThe study examines the use of immersive journalism, journalistic storytelling using Virtual Reality, as a tool to promote knowledge, empathy, and change in views and opinions on the phenomenon of sexual harassment among men and women. Testimonies of employees reporting workplace harassment were adapted into a screenplay. The screenplay presented ongoing verbal sexual harassment of an employee by her manager, filmed from the victim’s point of view by the use of a 360-degree camera. In a controlled experiment, change in attitudes on sexual harassment and empathy toward the victim were compared between participants consuming the content as either a written script, 2-dimensional screened video or 360-degree, 3-dimensional immersive virtual reality experience. The results point to an interaction effect, where a decrease in stereotypical views of sexual harassment was predicted by gender (men), method of consumption (immersive), and assessment of the effectiveness and emotionality of the content. Implications and directions for future research and practice are discussed.

FENOMENA SEXUAL HARASSMENT PADA WANITA PEKERJA DI KOTA MAKASSAR

This study aims to describe the phenomenon of sexual harassment in working women in the city of Makassar. This study involved ten adult women who had experienced sexual harassment. Subjects are selected based on several criteria, namely women who are in adulthood and are employees of a company. This research is qualitative in that it explores and understands the meanings which by a number of individuals or groups of people are ascribed to social or humanitarian problems. The design of this research is phonology that aims to understand one's life experiences, how an event has an impact on his daily life. Data is collected by conducting depth interviews with the subject and several significant people to fulfill the required information. The results of the study showed that the sexual harassment experienced by victims was in the form of touch and verbally carried out by superiors and coworkers with the frequency of events more than once. In general, victims feel angry, irritated, sad, scared, worried, and ashamed. The behavior displayed by the victim by allowing recurring events, moving branches, resigning, avoiding the perpetrators and activities involving the perpetrators, and reprimanding and scolding the perpetrators during the incident. Sexual harassment causes three people to experience severe stress, four people experience moderate stress, two people experience mild stress, and one person does not experience stress. In addition to experiencing stress, some victims also experienced a decline in work performance.

Harassing The Mentors: A Phenomenological Study In Cross Gender Perspective

The phenomenon of sexual harassment in an educational setup has been an unpinned topic. With more than 47% of the teaching staff in educational institutions females, the situation is getting worst on the esteem and honour of the profession. The nobles of the profession are on the target of harassment by none other than their own students. This paper explores particular type of sexual harassment in an attempt to understand and apprehend the essence, meanings and elements of the sexual harassment caused by male students towards their female teachers in a formal education environment. The research strategy is based on interpretive consumer research, with influences from phenomenology. The main research data was generated by face-to-face interviews from five female secondary and higher secondary teacher about their experiences of facing sexually harassing behaviours in the course of class and school. This study theoretically contributes by exploring the breadth of the issue faced by teachers and explored the defining terms, elements, reasons and responses and measure taken by the interviewed teachers.

She Said “Me, Too,” He Said “Not Me:” A Situationist Perspective on Sexual Harassment

Despite rising public awareness about sexual harassment, we lack a complete understanding of the etiology of harassment and its perpetuation in organizations. The papers in this symposium explore potential theoretical lenses through which to understand the phenomenon of sexual harassment. The first two papers consider how different forms of hierarchy can contribute to harassment. Williams, Gruenfeld, and Guillory contend that the effects of power on harassment can be best understood by separating chronic and acute power. Similarly, Ruttan and Fincher look at how indirect (rather than direct) hierarchies may increase the likelihood of harassment because of attributional ambiguities. The final two papers examine how perceivers’ values and judgment biases may allow harassment to persist in society. Rees, Diekmann, and Tenbrunsel (2017) draw on the phenomenon of motivated blindness–defined as individuals’ tendency to not see unethical behavior of others when it is not in their best interest to do so (Bazerman & Tenbrunsel, 2011)–to explain why victims and observers may not recognize (and thereby not report) the harassment they experience or observe. Finally, Niemi and Young examine the phenomenon of victim blaming, and demonstrate that both participants’ moral values and the way incidents of sexual assault are framed in narratives are consequential to the judgment of victims. Together, these papers point to a social psychological framework for the study of sexual harassment, in which both situational and person factors contribute. The implications of a person by situation framework for organizational interventions will be discussed. Predicting Sexual Harassment among Leaders: The Paradoxical Role of Chronic Powerlessness Presenter: Melissa J. Williams; Emory U. Presenter: Deborah Gruenfeld; Stanford U. Presenter: Lucia Elizabeth Guillory; Yahoo, Inc. Informal Power Predicts Sexual Harassment Through Attributional Ambiguities Presenter: Rachel Lise Ruttan; Rotman School of Management Presenter: Katrina M. Fincher; Columbia Business School Motivated Blindness: A Bounded Ethicality Perspective of Sexual Harassment Presenter: McKenzie Rees; Southern Methodist U. Presenter: Kristina Diekmann; U. of Utah Presenter: Ann Tenbrunsel; U. of Notre Dame The Role of Moral Commitments and Narrative Framing in Attitudes Toward Victims Presenter: Laura Niemi; Duke / U. of Toronto

Contextualising street sexual harassment in Morocco: a discriminatory sociocultural representation of women

ABSTRACTThis article aims to contextualise gender-based violence through the phenomenon of sexual harassment in public space in Morocco. This will be achieved by exploring the discriminatory social, cultural and political representation of Moroccan women, and discussing their status, image and treatment in a patriarchal social order. The study seeks to reveal the relationship between the stereotypical images of Moroccan girls and women and the violence that is likely committed against them. It suggests that women’s location in the power structures of the family, school, media and the law, as well as their access to the economic and political spheres, all contribute to the construction and negotiation of gender roles, relationships and inequalities, and consequently participate in fostering violent attitudes and practices against women in the public arena. The evolution of the status of women will be primarily guaranteed by changes in their freedom-of-movement, security and emancipation. However, regularising gender inequalities and naturalising women’s oppression remain obstacles that will encourage further harassment against women. Future research should address women’s discourse and experiences of street harassment as well as its social meaning, prevalence, severity and impact in order to better define the phenomenon and thus contribute to improving the image of women in the Moroccan context.

Sexual Harassment in the Norwegian Theatre World

ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to provide insight into the phenomenon of sexual harassment in the theatre world. A survey among Norwegian actors is presented showing that sexual harassment is much more prevalent in the theatre world than in Norwegian work life in general. Further, the article aims at understanding why the prevalence is as high as it is. Based on qualitative interviews, the article points out some risk factors that shed light on the high prevalence of sexual harassment. Lastly, the risk factors are related to charismatic authority as an important power base in the theatre world.