Motivational Phenomena Research Articles

Effect of Work Discipline and Work Motivation on Employee Performance

The Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on employee anxiety to leave the house for activities for a long period of time, this condition triggers a decrease in work discipline in the company which is known from employees arriving late, not being in place during working hours and high levels of employee absenteeism. Another phenomenon is a decrease in employee work motivation which is known from employees who are less diligent, unfocused, less responsive, and less proficient at work. The phenomenon of work discipline and work motivation has an impact on decreasing employee performance. This research aim is to test and analyze the effect of work discipline and work motivation on employee performance at PT. Samawood Utama Works Industries Medan during the covid 19 pandemic. The method used is a quantitative approach with quantitative descriptive research. Methods of collecting data were interviews and questionnaires. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression. The results obtained are work discipline and motivation individually and simultaneously affect the performance of employees. The ability of the employee performance variable to explain work discipline and work motivation is 73.4%, the remaining 26.6% is explained by variables not observed in this research such as leadership, work environment, and others.

Эволюция научных представлений о феномене профессиональной мотивации в зарубежных и отечественных исследованиях

We present a comparative analysis of the views of foreign and national scientists on professional motivation, describe two groups of theories of professional motivation (substantive and procedural), and identify the leading modern theoretical approaches to the study of professional motivation in Russia and abroad. In modern foreign studies, the leading ones in professional motivation are socio-cognitive and personality-oriented approaches, which allow a better understanding of motivation, considering individual differences; view of professional motivation as a set of recursive, time-related, mutually affective behavioral and cognitive processes and actions organized around the individual goals of the labor subject prevails. National research is based on fundamental methodological approaches (system, activity, structural-level, system genetic, metasystem, etc.), on the concept of the activity origin of the motivational sphere, according to which there are relationships of mutual influence of the content of motivation on activity and the specifics of activity on motivation. Despite the differences in methodological approaches to the study of the phenomenon of professional motivation, foreign and national researchers consider this phenomenon as a multidimensional dynamic, systemic, integral personality formation (psychological construct) that has a multi-level hierarchical structure that changes under the influence of external (social, economic, professional, etc.) and internal (mental, psychophysiological) factors.

The development of a motivation for language learning questionnaire in multilingual South Africa: Context and use

Survey questionnaires have over time become benchmark measuring instruments used to measure language learning motivation (LLM) in applied linguistics research related to second or additional language teaching. For researchers who wish to study the motivation phenomenon in multicultural and multilingual contexts, however, the problem is that many of the standardized questionnaires such as Gardner's Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) were designed to measure students' motivation primarily in Western countries. Therefore, it becomes mandatory for these researchers to devise scales that are contextually more appropriate for measuring students' LLM. Accordingly, this paper aims to contribute to the limited body of knowledge concerning the design of questionnaires for measuring LLM that are applicable to African multilingual settings by proposing a renewal of perspective in this regard. By outlining the rationale for developing a reliable motivation scale that can potentially yield valid and reliable research outcomes in multilingual contexts, the paper aims to demonstrate how the design of inclusive motivation scales can be achieved. Normative procedures or methods involved in developing questionnaire scales are briefly presented, specifically the selection of suitable survey statements, as well as the piloting and refinement of the scale. It is proposed that the scale be used in conjunction with qualitative methods in order to gain a fuller picture of how motivation interacts with other factors and processes in multilingual contexts that require the learning of an additional language.

Employee Job Satisfaction in Higher Educational Institutes: A Review of Theories

Employee Job satisfaction is an indication of how happy you are with your job. A person will feel confident and enthused about their work if they adhere to this value of job satisfaction. Teachers play a crucial role in the delivery of knowledge in higher educational institutes, As a result, it is no wonder that the subject of their job satisfaction frequently comes up in conversation. Job-satisfaction theories from Maslow to Lock have all been proposed to try to explain or understand the phenomenon of job satisfaction and motivation. Factors that contribute to employee job satisfaction change over time and cultural aspects are very important very analyzing these theories. In this study, a descriptive research design is used, and conclusions are drawn using a theory-based approach. According to the findings, job satisfaction of academic staff can be improved by implementing theories of satisfaction/motivation in higher educational institutes. Job satisfaction of academic staff leads towards the delivery of quality education resulting in student satisfaction and better university performance. This study has several implications for researchers and policymakers that it makes no difference whether theories are correct or incorrect; rather, it is determined by the environment in which they are used. Theories must be redesigned to incorporate the most recent results in human psychology.

Some Ideas of the Phenomenon of Motivation in the Process of Studying English Language

Motivation has long been recognized as one of the driving forces in the process of mastering a foreign language which greatly influences the learning outcomes. This article deals with the defining of types and levels of student’s motivation towards learning the English language. Motivation is the main means which gives the possibility to increase the level of student’s attentiveness in the learning process. And here the important role and task for teacher is to convince students in the significance of learning process tasks. Exactly for students who gain the importance of learning process tasks, it will the result of motivation. In the process of researching the level of student’s interest towards studying the English language, dominant motives (integrative, instrumental) in student’s activity and the challenges the students face were defined here. The analyses of motivation’s problems show that instrumental focus of learning English language predominates on integrative one, and that gives us the possibility to dwell on the fact that the instrumental motivation is a very important motivating factor, which influences on the process of learning English language. In this article on the basis of many scientists’ researches there were considered dominating motives of instrumental motivation: professional, academic, motive of prestige and communicative motives. Listening and reading are the most challenging skills for students. Also this article deals with the methods and ways which increase the students’ motivation of mastering English. Among the main methods of increasing the motivation were allocated as the content of teaching materials and ways of learning activity, which were demonstrated on the author’s practical materials.

EDUCATIONAL MOTIVATION OF STUDENTS TO STUDY BIOLOGY IN SECONDARY SCHOOL AND LYCEUM OF BIOLOGICAL PROFILE

The article considers the issues of educational motivation, in particular the motivation to study biology in secondary and specialized public schools. The paper examines types of learning motivation: internal and external (Derbeniova, 2012), social motives to learn (Bozhovych, 2001), motivation as a personal trait (Leontiev, 2002). Issues with low involvement of high school students to take an external examination in biology were also in focus. Some scholars argue, that secondaryschools are mainly focused on maintaining external motivation in the form of tests, orders and requirements, which has a detrimental effect on internal motivation and leads to a gradual decrease in students' interest in learning (Makovetska, 2015), while specialised high school, in particular in the natural sciences, creates motivating learning environments, like innovative forms and methods of teaching, which build stronger student conscious motivation for learning and facilitate cognitive activity, which promotes the development of abilities and talents, needs and skills for self-improvement. future training (Moroz, 2006). Therefore, the purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of student motivation to study biology in secondary school and in the lyceum of biological profile.
 The phenomenon of motivation and learning motivation of secondary school students and specialized medical education institutions by surveying high school students using the methods of O. Okuneva, L. Vasilieva and additional questions on motivation to study biology. According to the method by O. Okuneva, L. Vasilieva, the level of development of learning motivation, type of motivation and motivation indicator as an indicator of success and avoidance of failures were revealed, factors influencing student learning were analysed. It is established that all blocks of the motivational structure have higher scores among the respondents of the specialised institution of secondary education. The largest statistical difference was observed in students of the two institutions in block 2, the formation of the ability to set goals. Students of the profile institution have a higher individual focus on learning, better formed internal incentives, as well as greater self-confidence and independence from other members of the group, whichhelps to choose a future profession. As a result of the survey, organizational forms of education and types of tasks that should be used in the educational process in order to strengthen the learning motivation of high school students are identified.

Motivational aspects of a military leader’s managerial culture development

The purpose of the article is to reveal the main prerequisites for the development of the motivational component of the managerial culture of the military leader. The following research methods were used in the work: analysis and generalization of scientific results on research of the nature of professional activity of the personality, – for clarification of motivational aspects of development of managerial culture of the military leader. In the content of military and professional activity it is necessary to single out motivational phenomena related to the managerial culture of a military leader, which are as follows: values about the military profession, assessment of the significance of professional activity, correlation of military and professional values with the system of meaningful life orientations of servicemen and other personal goals and values, the place of professional activity in the structure of “life essences”, etc. Awareness of the military leader's own ability to realize professional intentions is the sphere of realization of the most important personal values, which provides a motivational attitude to the professional activity. The managerial culture of a military leader depends on the assessment of the significance of professional activity taking into account personal individual needs and goals, which may or may not coincide with the goals of the service. The highly developed managerial culture is closely related to the general concept of professional aspirations and professional self-determination (from gaining of professional education to the stage of mastery), which are the properties that allow you to effectively and reliably perform complex activities in a variety of conditions. An important condition for the professional culture of a military leader, which ensures his full existence in professional activities, should be considered the tendency to develop the managerial potential as a set of ideas about work based on self-understanding, self-perception and personal growth. The basis of this movement is the professional and personal activity of military leaders – persistence in achieving goals, self-confidence, confidence in the professional experience and certainly a positive attitude towards others. These leaders are determined, do not stop there. Their personal characteristics are manifested at the level of self-awareness and are revealed in the process of self-regulation of behavior in professional activities. This is what helps a military leader to orient himself well in life, to be free in choosing his professional path and responsible for the consequences of the choice.

Directed Motivational Currents (DMCs) in Self-directed Language Learning: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

Directed Motivational Currents (DMCs) postulated as a novel motivational construct in second language acquisition (SLA) research to explain periods of intense and enduring behavior in pursuit of a highly valued goal or vision. Nonetheless, much of the discussion related to this new motivational phenomenon has remained theoretical, and only a limited number of empirical studies have investigated its various dimensions in language learning. The current qualitative study employed interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to explore a period of intense motivation experienced by an Iranian language learner in self-directed and mobile assisted language learning. The findings provided further empirical evidence for the triggering stimulus and the core characteristics of DMCs in terms of goal/vision orientedness, a salient facilitative structure, and positive emotionality in explaining the essence and the universal meaning of the phenomenon experienced by the participant of the current study.

Study of the focus of achievement motivation in mental pathology

The phenomenon of achievement motivation is very important in psychology, as research explains the driving forces of human behavior and activity. That is why interest in studying the achievement motivation is constantly growing. The authors of this article believe that the content structure of the achievement motivation in humans has two components – adaptive and transcendental. The purpose of this article is to present an experimental study of the meaningful characteristics of achievement motivation in persons with mental pathology. The research method is projective methodology - Hekhauzen test and author's modification of this test for persons with mental pathology, Freiburg multifactorial personality questionnaire, Diagnostics of self-actualization of personality SAMOAL. The obtained results of the study of achievement motivation in persons with mental pathology show that respondents of this category have changes in the motivational-value-semantic sphere, changes are shown in extreme manifestation of one of the tendencies (adaptation or transcendence), or extremely weak representation of both trends. Keywords: achievement, neurotic disorders, affective disorders, adaptation, transcendence, Hekhauzen test.

The Phenomenon of Learning Motivation of Elementary School Students

Learning motivation is one of the important things that can affect the student's learning process. This study aims to explore the phenomenon of learning motivation of elementary school students. This research is quantitative research using survey exploratory research. Subjects involved in this study amounted to 51 elementary school students. Data collection uses a questionnaire as a data collection instrument. The questionnaire was compiled based on four components of learning motivation, namely the drive for achievement, discipline in learning, readiness to overcome difficulties, and curiosity. The questionnaire uses a Likert scale with the categories "always", "often", "sometimes", and "never". The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that in general, the students had high motivation. However, this high motivation is not in line with concrete actions that show their enthusiasm for learning. This is because the motivation that develops is extrinsic. Students learn to get rewarded or to avoid punishment from teachers. Nevertheless, the students are aware of their obligations as students and believe in their abilities. This can be used as initial capital to encourage students to improve their learning achievement.

An Investigation of Entrepreneurial Motivation: Boutique Hotels in Northern Thailand

Purpose – entrepreneurship scholars have argued extensively that the phenomenon of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial motivation cannot be studied in isolation from their broader socioeconomic environment. This study addresses this gap by examining the entrepreneurial motivation of hotel entrepreneurs in Northern Thailand. The study also investigates how various mediating factors and motivations to start a business shape tourism entrepreneurs' behaviour in relation to growth strategies. Design/ Methodology/ Approach – qualitative research was conducted in Northern Thailand 2012 and the follow-up study in 2019. Purposive and snowball sampling strategies were used. The primary data collection method was semi-structured interviews. Findings – the study identifies the coexistence of both lifestyle and growth-oriented entrepreneurs. The results show that the entrepreneurial decision to enter the hotel industry was not solely determined by the entrepreneur's own actions, but significantly by the family. The role of family in business creation is directive and not facilitative. Business growth was a desirable strategy for both lifestyle and growth-oriented entrepreneurs. Originality of the research – study shows that entrepreneurial motivation cannot be properly understood if it is studied in isolation from the wider socio-economic context. Moreover, it challenges the prevailing classification of tourism entrepreneurs into lifestyle-oriented and growthoriented.

Motivation for Achievement in Choosing a Strategy of Behavior in Organizational Conflict Among Employees of the Suburban Railway

Currently, the interrelation of various motivational phenomena, interests, attitudes and behavior of a person in the professional activity is being considered. Analysis of modern psychological literature shows that employees of organizations can be highly-motivated to achieve in their professional activities, however, in each individual, the motivation for achievement can manifest itself in a certain motivational trend. The article discusses the issues of the main parameters of the influence of the motivation for achievement on the determination of strategies for the behavior of suburban railway employees, which are revealed, both in destructive interpersonal communication and at a high level of constructive interaction. The available knowledge about the causes of conflicts and the needs of using the dominant strategy of behavior in interpersonal relationships and professional activity is generalized.

DINAMICS OF LEARNING MOTIVATION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PUPILS OF ISRAEL (ARAB SECTOR)

Addressing motivation as a triggering and supportive factor of educational activity emphasizes the importance of quality of information, learning experience, mediated learning, or positive attitude towards the act of knowledge in achieving school performance. According to the generally accepted conception, following the consultation of the specialized literature regarding the approach of the motivational phenomenon, we can say that motivation lies at the basis of the good functioning of human action components, regardless of the activity or tacquisition level of the one who makes the effort to achieve it.

МОТИВАЦІЙНІ АСПЕКТИ РOЗВИТКУ УПРАВЛІНСЬКОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ ВІЙСЬКОВОГО КЕРІВНИКА

Introduction. Military and professional activity of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is one of the most complex socially significant activities, which puts forward special demands to the individual, consisting in its extremity, namely: high dynamics and tension, in temporal, spatial, material, moral restrictions on the personality of the serviceman of Ukraine.The success of military and professional activity in such conditions depends on the level of development of the managerial culture of the military leader, which is an important element in ensuring the effective performance of official duties. Moreover, the practice of military management shows that it is the motivational component of professional and personal activity of military leaders that is a factor of the successful development of their management culture.The complexity and multidimensional nature of the problem of managerial culture of the military leader is due to the multiplicity of understanding of its essence, nature, structure, as well as methods of its study.The purpose. The purpose of the article is to reveal the main prerequisites for the development of the motivational component of the managerial culture of the military leader.Methods. The following research methods were used in the work: analysis and generalization of scientific results on research of the nature of professional activity of the personality, – for clarification of motivational aspects of development of managerial culture of the military leader.Originality. In the content of military and professional activity it is necessary to single out motivational phenomena related to the managerial culture of a military leader, which are as follows: values about the military profession, assessment of the significance of professional activity, correlation of military and professional values with the system of meaningful life orientations of servicemen and other personal goals and values, the place of professional activity in the structure of “life essences”, etc. Awareness of the military leader's own ability to realize professional intentions is the sphere of realization of the most important personal values, which provides a motivational attitude to the professional activity. The managerial culture of a military leader depends on the assessment of the significance of professional activity taking into account personal individual needs and goals, which may or may not coincide with the goals of the service. The highly developed managerial culture is closely related to the general concept of professional aspirations and professional self-determination (from gaining of professional education to the stage of mastery), which are the properties that allow you to effectively and reliably perform complex activities in a variety of conditions.Conclusion. An important condition for the professional culture of a military leader, which ensures his full existence in professional activities, should be considered the tendency to develop the managerial potential as a set of ideas about work based on self-understanding, self-perception and personal growth. The basis of this movement is the professional and personal activity of military leaders – persistence in achieving goals, self-confidence, confidence in the professional experience and certainly a positive attitude towards others. These leaders are determined, do not stop there. Their personal characteristics are manifested at the level of self-awareness and are revealed in the process of self-regulation of behavior in professional activities. This is what helps a military leader to orient himself well in life, to be free in choosing his professional path and responsible for the consequences of the choice.

Game-based language learning in the context of distance education

The abrupt transition of the educational institutions to distance learning because of objective reasons related to the Covid-19 pandemic and the social isolation required the teachers to review the existing approaches to the classes organization and make appropriate changes. Rethinking traditional methods with game-based technologies expect not to “lose” contact with the audience and maintain its learning motivation. This study aims to generalize the experience of game-based technologies incorporation in university French classes at different levels to preserve and enhance the students learning motivation in the context of distance education. The scientific problem considered in the article fits into the problems of research aimed at studying the effective teaching methods and technologies that contribute to forming the students’ motivation. To achieve the research goal, the inductive-deductive method is used, as well as the methods of situational analysis. The analysis of existing approaches to the motivation phenomenon allowed the authors to define its importance in teaching foreign languages and to determine the role of the game-based methods in learning motivation enhancement. The result of the study is a demonstration of applied game-based technologies and their positive impact on learning motivation during distance education.

The Role of Motivation in the Development of Foreign Language Competence of Students

The thesis studies the phenomenon of motivation of students namely the study of its formation. As a task of the research the author has defined an attempt to assess and analyze the changes of formation of motivation of students after conducting experimental work. The author tries to trace the cognitive process and reveal differences in motivational orientations of students in control and experimental groups. The work is interdisciplinary in its nature and is written at the intersection of psychology and pedagogy. As the key evidence the author presents a positive change among the motives associated with future development of the personality which confirms the assumption about the need to focus on student’s personality, his/her interests and development of personal values, i.e. correct orientation in a student-centered approach and self-actualization of individual students.

The Role of Motivation in the Development of Foreign Language Competence of Students

The thesis studies the phenomenon of motivation of students namely the study of its formation. As a task of the research the author has defined an attempt to assess and analyze the changes of formation of motivation of students after conducting experimental work. The author tries to trace the cognitive process and reveal differences in motivational orientations of students in control and experimental groups. The work is interdisciplinary in its nature and is written at the intersection of psychology and pedagogy. As the key evidence the author presents a positive change among the motives associated with future development of the personality which confirms the assumption about the need to focus on student’s personality, his/her interests and development of personal values, i.e. correct orientation in a student-centered approach and self-actualization of individual students.

Kinesthetic Unity as Motivated Association

Summary Within Husserl’s theory of perception, the role attributed to kinesthetic sensations determines a phase of the perceptive constitution that marks the boundary between pure receptivity and a first form of self-determination of consciousness. Kinesthetic experiences are, in fact, characterized not just as acts that are performed but rather that can be performed, albeit according to predetermined paths. This primitive form of ‘instinctive’ spontaneity of the Ego (linked to primal impulses) as realization of pre-established potentialities, characterizes what Husserl defines the ‘ idiopsychic’ dimension of consciousness (Husserl, 1952, p. 135). However, although this level of consciousness unity presupposes a spontaneous activity, it can be investigated according to the ‘causal’ laws of motivation. The phenomenon of motivation was notoriously introduced by Husserl in §56 of Ideen II, as a specific law of spiritual life. However, there are two possible forms of motivation, one in which the Ego is actively involved, and a second one, called “associative motivation.” The latter basically indicates the passive tendency of creating associations between unities of the immanent sphere. In other terms, Husserl acknowledges the existence of “motivated relations” within the immanent sphere of mental acts which do not necessarily call for an active participation of the Ego. In this sense, the relation between motivating factors and motivated elements could be considered a kind of conditioning of the form “because-therefore,” in which the two elements arrange themselves in a succession of experiences. This work aims to show that this very kind of association is the same that pre-determines the unfolding possibility of kinesthetic chains.

Directed motivational currents: An agenda for future research

Directed motivational currents (DMCs) encapsulate a unique motivational phenomenon. DMCs are highly positive, potent motivational experiences which can carry individuals or groups forwards to achieving valued goals at both a remarkable rate, and with a perceived feeling of seemingly ‘effortless effort’. Although research into DMCs began under a decade ago (Dörnyei, Ibrahim & Muir, 2015; Dörnyei, Muir & Ibrahim, 2014; Henry, Davydenko & Dörnyei, 2015; Muir & Dörnyei, 2013), the motivational experience DMCs encapsulate is, in and of itself, certainly not novel. DMCs appear to be widely recognizable in diverse contexts, and may even be relatively widely experienced (Muir, 2020). The theoretical underpinning of DMC theory draws together findings from a broad range of well-established motivational disciplines in related areas of psychology (including cognitive and educational psychology), alongside motivation research rooted more fully in the context of language learning (LLing) and teaching. We begin by overviewing the DMC construct itself, outlining key cornerstones and primary theoretical principles that underpin our understanding of each. We go on to lay out a broad agenda for further study, continuing the discussion in the final chapter of Muir (2020), by foregrounding six avenues for future research. Viewed together, they are demonstrative of the scope of future research potential surrounding DMC theory, incorporating both theoretical and applied (pedagogic) directions for inquiry. For each future avenue that we propose, we foreground several more specific directions in which research effort might begin.

Motivation in Higher Instrumental Education: A Survey with Music Teacher Candidates in Turkey

Actual research show that more systematic studies are needed on how or why motivation phenomenon occurs in musical contexts. All research with different socio-economic and socio-cultural characteristics in different countries and geographical regions may provide important information to help explain the relationship between instrument training and motivation. In this context, the aim of the study is to examined the motivation of a group of music teacher candidates and relationship with various variables. The study was carried out in Turkey, at a public university and in a city that differs according to many cities in terms of socio-economic structure and dynamics. The study group consisted of students (N=86) enrolled in Music Teacher Training Bachelor Program of the University. The data were collected with advisor database, demographic data form and ‘The Motivation Scale for Individual Instrument Course’ developed by Girgin (2015). To analyze the data, frequency and percentage distribution, t-test, Mann-Whitney U, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman’s Correlation were used. The results showed that the students’ motivation levels of the individual instrument lesson were high-level in the dimensions of amotivation and success motivation and medium-level in the dimension of study motivation. The general motivation was high-level. There was no significant difference between general motivation level and gender, grade level and graduated high school. On the other hand, it was determined that the motivation scores differed significantly in favor of the groups that chosing the instrument voluntarily and devoted more time to practice the instrument. It was found that there was a positive correlation between motivation and course success. The results were discussed within the framework of the corporate culture and the socio-economic and socio-cultural characteristics of the city and the students.