Эволюция научных представлений о феномене профессиональной мотивации в зарубежных и отечественных исследованиях

Abstract

We present a comparative analysis of the views of foreign and national scientists on professional motivation, describe two groups of theories of professional motivation (substantive and procedural), and identify the leading modern theoretical approaches to the study of professional motivation in Russia and abroad. In modern foreign studies, the leading ones in professional motivation are socio-cognitive and personality-oriented approaches, which allow a better understanding of motivation, considering individual differences; view of professional motivation as a set of recursive, time-related, mutually affective behavioral and cognitive processes and actions organized around the individual goals of the labor subject prevails. National research is based on fundamental methodological approaches (system, activity, structural-level, system genetic, metasystem, etc.), on the concept of the activity origin of the motivational sphere, according to which there are relationships of mutual influence of the content of motivation on activity and the specifics of activity on motivation. Despite the differences in methodological approaches to the study of the phenomenon of professional motivation, foreign and national researchers consider this phenomenon as a multidimensional dynamic, systemic, integral personality formation (psychological construct) that has a multi-level hierarchical structure that changes under the influence of external (social, economic, professional, etc.) and internal (mental, psychophysiological) factors.