Phenomenon Of Migration Research Articles

Potential-Driven Coordinated Oxygen Migration in an Electrocatalyst for Sustainable H2O2 Synthesis.

Local coordination environment (LCE) manipulation has emerged as a significant approach for modulating the electrocatalytic behavior of low-dimensional nanomaterials. However, challenges persist in accurately identifying active sites and understanding dynamic changes during operation. Here, we underscore the influence of LCE on the electrochemical production of H2O2, utilizing the Pd cluster as a model catalyst. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations illustrate the role of first- and second-coordinated sulfur and oxygen in modulating the binding strength of HOO*. Guided by DFT screening, the as-prepared Pd cluster (Pdx/HMCS) catalyst presents exceptional catalytic performance with a high mass activity of 4.06 A mg-1 at 0.45 V and selectivity above 94%. The Pdx/HMCS catalyst also delivers promising potential for industrial practices with a production rate of 16.3 mol gcat-1 h-1 in flow cell evaluation. Elaborated in situ characterizations confirm that under operation, oxygen migrates from the second coordination sphere (CS) to the first CS to achieve oxygen coverage on the catalyst surface. Such an oxygen migration phenomenon and the optimized first and second coordination environment give rise to the outstanding performance.

Migration and infectious disease risk: knowledge and perception among university students in two European countries.

In the past years, migration has increasingly affected the European continent. The concerns of the local population about infection spread by migrants may increase as an unjustified stigma. Our study aimed to assess the knowledge and risk perception of infectious disease associated with migration among university students. Between January and February 2020, we conducted an online survey in Italian and Spanish University students. We collected data on demographics, perception, and knowledge of infectious diseases associated with migration. We performed descriptive and risk factors analysis to assess the association among selected variables. We collected 1,397 answers, 73.16% from Italian students and 26.84% from Spanish students, 34.54% and 38.67% enrolled in healthcare degrees, respectively. We found a statistically significant correlation between the knowledge of infectious diseases and the perception of the infectious risk associated with migration, not confirmed for the area of study. Healthcare students had the best levels of knowledge and perception of the migratory phenomenon, but the higher perception of infectious risk. Exposure to the media coverage about migration was associated with the worst perception of the migratory phenomenon and infectious risk. Our study showed that, despite healthcare students had the best levels of knowledge, they had the highest risk perception of infectious diseases associated with migration. The inclusion of courses on migration medicine in current healthcare curricula and the increase of practical training could help to avoid the development of biased approaches towards migrants among healthcare professionals.

A Study on the Influence of Beaconism on Immigration Propensity among Youth and Middle-aged Chinese Individuals

Abstract: In 21st-century China, the phenomenon of migration is becoming increasingly common. Some people migrate to improve their standard of living, while others are inspired by the call of Beaconism to go to other countries in search of an imagined utopia. This study investigates the spread of Beaconism on the Chinese internet and its influence on the immigration propensity of young and middle-aged Chinese individuals. Through literature analysis and case studies, the paper elucidates the connotation and characteristics of Beaconism, as well as its dissemination mechanism on platforms such as immigration intermediaries and social media. The findings indicate that Beaconism has a significant impact on the immigration motives, destination choices, and value systems of the young and middle-aged groups, characterized by a blind pursuit of Western civilization and a neglect of traditional culture. This research provides a new perspective for understanding the immigration phenomenon in China and offers prospects for future research.

The migration phenomenon in the context of the principle of state sovereignty: selected issues

The migration phenomenon in the context of the principle of state sovereignty: selected issues

Estrés aculturativo y desesperanza en migrantes venezolanos de las ciudades de Arequipa y Tacna

In an increasingly interconnected world, studying the phenomenon of migration becomes particularly relevant due to its complex associations with psychosocial factors. The present study, aimed to identify the relationship between acculturative stress and hopelessness in a sample of Venezuelan migrants to Peru. An empirical investigation with an associative strategy and simple correlation design was carried out (Ato et al., 2013), the sample was made up of 266 Venezuelan migrants aged 18 to 75 years from the cities of Arequipa and Tacna that make up part of Southern Peru. The instruments used were the Barcelona Immigrant Stress Scale (BISS) and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). The results have determined that there is a very significant and direct correlation between acculturative stress and hopelessness (r=.16; p<.01), with a small effect size (r2 =.03). On the other hand, it is verified that the greater the culture shock, the greater the feeling about the future (r=.19; p<.01; r2 =.03), the greater the loss of motivation (r=.25; p< .001; r2 =.06;) and expectation about the future (r=.26; p<.001; r2 =.06), all with a small effect size. It is recommended that actions be taken to promote the development of intrinsic protective factors that allow better adaptability to the diversity of the migrant population.

Analysis of the health conditions of migrants and asylum seekers in reception centers: From scene investigation to the evaluation of signs of torture

The phenomenon of migration is an international issue that mainly concerns Europe. In Italy, because of its close proximity to Africa, there are many migrant landings, especially on the islands of Lampedusa and Sicily. Migrants and asylum seekers suffer torture on their journey to their destination country, however, most of the time the signs are not always recognizable. In the present study, a scene investigation was carried out in a reception center for level II immigrants in Sicily, in order to evaluate the hygiene conditions of the migrants and asylum seekers inside this center. Subsequently 26 migrants and asylum seekers, all minors and males, were examined in a clinic of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the University of Catania, with the help of a native speaker interpreter and applying the Istanbul Protocol. The scene investigation demonstrated the poor clinical conditions of the reception center and the failure to comply with emergency regulations. The physical examination of the migrants and asylum seekers demonstrated that all the torture reported had taken place in Libya. However, only 4 migrants and asylum seekers showed signs of violence consistent with torture, compatible with the Istanbul Protocol. Nine migrants and asylum seekers (34.6 %) reported having pathologies and asked to undergo a medical examination in a hospital but were not listened to by the reception center staff. Two migrants and asylum seekers reported having worn the same clothes for several weeks to the reception center staff. In particular, all the migrants and asylum seekers reported having suffered torture using blunt instruments, especially beatings with truncheons. One migrant and asylum seeker reported being detained for days without food, instead 1 migrants and asylum seekers reported being kidnapped-blindfolded-stripped naked for days, and 1 migrants and asylum seekers reported having contracted infections, including scabies, with electrical and thermal trauma. Despite the international commitment to the phenomenon of migration, migrants and asylum seekers continue to receive abuse and torture. Furthermore, most migrants and asylum seekers studies primarily involve surveys, and few have applied the Istanbul Protocol to a sizable sample. An original aim of the study is the use of forensic tools to assess the sanitary and hygienic conditions of a migrant reception center, with the secondary aim of assessing alleged cases of torture.

The coupling effect of calcined layered double hydroxides and impressed current cathodic protection system on chloride ion binding and migration of sea sand mortar

Chloride introduced by sea sand and sea water leads to steel bar corrosion. Calcined Layered double hydroxides (CLDH) and impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system were used to adsorb chloride ion and control steel bar corrosion in chloride abundant environment. In this research, chloride binding effect of two kinds of CLDH were investigated in simulated concrete pore solution. Besides, chloride absorption capacity and steel bar corrosion resistance of Mg-Al CLDH was explored in mortar. Further, hydration degree of mortar installed ICCP system and migration of ions around the anode and cathode were detected. Results show that Mg-Al CLDH exhibits excellent chloride binding capacity and corrosion resistance. After installing the ICCP system, corrosion of steel bars in mortar mixed Mg-Al CLDH was controlled. And ions in mortar specimen around anode or cathode exhibits migration phenomenon in different degree. A two stage-four step model was established to explain the degradation of hydration products and ion migration in CLDH-ICCP system. Under the ICCP system, Cl− in pore solution increased at early stage and then decreased both around anode and cathode, the increment process was controlled by desorption of Mg-Al CLDH and decreased process was controlled by degradation of hydration products. Therefore, the CLDH-ICCP system was recommended to solve the problem of steel bar corrosion introduced by marine environment.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of Chagas disease screening in pregnant women and their infants in Italy

Abstract Background Currently, Chagas disease (CD) is widespread in European nations that host notable populations from Latin America. Vertical transmission is a pathway for the spread of the disease in countries where it is not endemic. Due to socio-economic disparities, CD is a public health concern in non-endemic regions, raised by migration phenomena in vulnerable population groups who face similar hindrances as those most at risk in endemic areas. The aim is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of CD screening versus no screening in pregnant women and their infants in Italy. Methods A Bayesian Markov model was employed to compare the CD screening versus the no screening alternative. Model parameters were sourced from pertinent scientific literature. A lifetime perspective was adopted, aligning with the perspective of the Italian National Health Service. The Eurozone threshold was applied. Costs and benefits were discounted at a rate of 3%. Gibbs sampling served as the algorithm for Bayesian inference. Uncertainty was addressed through a probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) and a value of information analysis (VOI), depicted via the Cost-Effectiveness Acceptability Curve (CEAC) and Expected Value of Perfect Information (EVPI). Results were presented as the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). Results The base case results showed that CD screening was cost-effective, with an ICER of €5,112 [€1,850 - €10,043]. Furthermore, according to the CEAC, the screening option exhibited the greatest probability of being cost-effective across all thresholds. Additionally, the EVPI per mother was €818 based on a threshold of €50,000/diagnosis. Conclusions Implementing a structured CD screening program also in non-endemic countries has the potential for early detection and treatment. This contributes to SDG 3 by improving access to healthcare, preventing transmission, and reducing the disease burden as well as informing public health policies for marginalised populations. Key messages • This study proves that screening for CD in pregnant women and their infants in a non-endemic area is a cost-effective strategy and possibly cost-saving in the long term. • Study findings could support a wider implementation of CD screening in Italy by informing health policy-makers in their decision-making process.

A compartmentalized microfluidic platform to investigate immune cells cross-talk in rheumatoid arthritis

The dysregulation of the immune system plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of manyfold diseases, among which we find rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation in synovial joints, leading to pain and disability. Immune cells such as pro-inflammatory macrophages and T helper 1 (Th1) cells drive the inflammatory cascade. Thus, including immune system inin vitromodels is pivotal to recapitulate and better understand the complex interactions between these immune cell subsets and their secreted mediators. Here, a compartmentalized microfluidic platform is presented, for precise confinement of circulating immune cells in organs-on-chip. The integration of innovative normally-closed sieving valves allows, through minimal waste of biological material, to co-culture different immune cell types (e.g. macrophages and Th1). Moreover, the platform allows to stimulate cell subsets separately, and to assess their cross-talk at desired time points. Functional validation of the platform demonstrates its ability to create stable chemotactic gradients, allowing for induction and evaluation of Th1 cells migration. In a proof-of-concept study, the platform allowed to assess Th1 T cells migration towards pro-inflammatory macrophages, thus replicating a characteristic interaction among immune cells triggered during RA onset. These results thus support the suitability of the platform to study immune cells cross-talk and migration phenomena, being potentially applicable to a manyfold immune cell mechanisms, both involved in RA progression and in different immune-mediated pathologies.

The Alarming Exodus of Nigerian Professionals: The Devastating Consequences of Human Capital Flight and Migration on Nigeria's Economic Development

Purpose: This study rigorously investigates the phenomenon of human capital flight and migration in Nigeria, emphasizing the alarming exodus of skilled professionals and its profound implications for the nation's economic development. By contextualizing brain drain within the broader landscape of labour mobility, this work seeks to elucidate the factors driving the migration of educated individuals, particularly in critical sectors such as healthcare, education, and technology. Materials and Methods: Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this research synthesizes qualitative data from academic literature, policy documents, and empirical studies, alongside quantitative analysis drawn from migration statistics and socioeconomic metrics. This robust methodological framework supports a comprehensive exploration of the interplay between migration, brain drain, and national development, facilitating a deeper understanding of the ramifications of skilled labour loss. Findings: The findings indicate that Nigeria's alarming exodus of professionals is intricately linked to a confluence of factors, including systemic corruption, deteriorating infrastructure, and limited employment prospects. This human capital flight significantly undermines the quality and accessibility of essential services in critical sectors, leading to substantial socio-economic disparities. Consequently, the loss of skilled labour constrains Nigeria's competitive edge and stunts its economic resilience and growth potential. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: This inquiry extends beyond descriptive analysis to propose a nuanced framework for understanding the theoretical implications of human capital flight and migration in developing economies. It underscores the urgent need for policymakers to undertake comprehensive strategies that address the root causes of this phenomenon, fostering a conducive environment that retains talent while enhancing human capital investment and innovation capacity.

The Catholic Church and Its Approach towards Refugees and Migrants: An Analysis of the Presence of Migration Issues in the Synod’s Syntheses on Synodality

The issues of migration and refugees are currently major global challenges. They are also important aspects of the teachings of the Catholic Church, as evidenced by the many recent Church documents. These issues also came up in discussions at the Synod on Synodality convened by Pope Francis. This article attempts to analyze 24 synodal syntheses, created by European episcopates, in terms of their approach to contemporary migration phenomena and further consequences, which allows for the identification of the main themes and indications of both the religious and social aspects of the encounter with newcomers. A common theme of the syntheses analyzed was the conviction of the need to sensitize societies to the specific plight of newcomers, threatening to marginalize them. Accompanying newcomers and caring for their integration with local communities resounded in the syntheses both as a task and also as opportunities for host communities to actualize solidarity, fraternity, and cultural exchange.

A Rare Clinical Case of Migrating Pericardial Cyst Mimicking Encysted Pleural Effusion

Pericardial cysts are rare benign tumors often discovered incidentally during radiological examinations. Despite being predominantly asymptomatic, they can cause significant clinical manifestations and complications. The article describes a case of migrating pericardial cyst that was initially misinterpreted as left-sided encysted pleural effusion. Detailed assessment of dynamic changes on multislice computed tomography and subsequent surgical treatment revealed that the neoplasm originated from the pericardial layers altering its location, shape, and size. Awareness of the phenomenon of pericardial cyst migration and the use of up-to-date imaging techniques play a crucial role in accurate diagnosis and selecting optimal treatment strategies.

On the hydrothermal features of MHD nanofluid flow over a differently shaped thin needle influenced by Hall current with nonlinear thermal radiation

PurposeThe investigation has appraised the problem of an incompressible laminar steady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid stream over three distinct slendering thin isothermal needles of paraboloid, cylindrical and cone shapes. Water as a base liquid is assumed in this flow model. The influences of the Hall current and variable sorts of magnetic forces have enriched our investigation. Energy and concentration expressions consist of thermophoresis and Brownian migration phenomena. The analysis of thermal and mass slips of the presumed model has also been performed.Design/methodology/approachA relevant transformation is implemented for the alteration of the leading partial differential equations (PDEs) to the equations with nonlinear ordinary form. Due to the strong nonlinearity of the foremost equations, the problem is solved numerically by embedding the well-known RK-4 shooting practice. The software MAPLE 2017 has been exploited in reckoning the entire computation. To enunciate the investigated upshots, some graphical diagrams have been regarded here. According to technological interest, we measured the engineering quantities like the Sherwood number, the coefficient of drag friction and the Nusselt number in tabular customs.FindingsThe obtained consequences support that Hall current intensifies fluid movement when the needle is in a cone shape, while the superior velocity is noticed for cylindrical-shaped needles. The transference of heat responds inversely along with the growths of thermal and mass slip factors.Originality/valueNo work has been performed on the flow model of radiated nanofluid over a variable-shaped thin needle under Hall current, the variable magnetic field and different slip factors.

Nuclear deformability facilitates apical nuclear migration in the developing zebrafish retina.

Nuclear positioning is a crucial aspect of cell and developmental biology. One example is the apical movement of nuclei in neuroepithelia before mitosis, which is essential for proper tissue formation. While the cytoskeletal mechanisms that drive nuclei to the apical side have been explored, the influence of nuclear properties on apical nuclear migration is less understood. Nuclear properties, such as deformability, can be linked to lamin A/C expression levels, as shown in various invitro studies. Interestingly, many nuclei in early development, including neuroepithelial nuclei, express only low levels of lamin A/C. Therefore, we investigated whether increased lamin A expression in the densely packed zebrafish retinal neuroepithelium affects nuclear deformability and, consequently, migration phenomena. We found that overexpressing lamin A in retinal nuclei increases nuclear stiffness, which in turn indeed impairs apical nuclear migration. Interestingly, nuclei that do not overexpress lamin A but are embedded in a stiffer lamin A-overexpressing environment also exhibit impaired apical nuclear migration, indicating that these effects can be cell non-autonomous. Additionally, in the less crowded hindbrain neuroepithelium, only minor effects on apical nuclear migration are observed. Together, this suggests that the material properties of the nucleus influence nuclear movements in a tissue-dependent manner.

Ludvig Holberg e le Moralske Fabler: il motivo del lupo monaco e la strumentalizzazione xenofoba di «Katten begiver sig i Munke-Orden»

This work focuses on the collection of fables Moralske Fabler by Ludvig Holberg. In particular, the fable “Katten begiver sig i Munke-Orden” is analysed. An earlier study concerning this fable is taken into account, but its result, which identifies La Fontaine as a model, is not entirely convincing. By delving instead into the motif of the ‘wolf-monk’, it is possible to highlight clear similarities between Holberg’s fable and those centred on this narrative motif. In the second part we try to understand how Holberg’s texts can be overinterpreted and manipulated in light of the most recent historical events, such as the phenomenon of migration. This very fable is indeed used as a tool to convey a xenophobic message by the Danish anti-immigration association Den danske forening.

Legal Protection of Indonesian Workers on Japan on the Perspective of Human Rights and Pancasila Values

In the 21st century, the phenomenon of labor migration is becoming increasingly significant globally. Japan has become one of the main destinations for Indonesian workers. However, legal protection for them in Japan is still a major concern. This study provides an in-depth insight into the challenges faced by Indonesian workers in Japan in obtaining adequate legal protection. Using a qualitative approach and text analysis, this research uncovers important aspects of legal protection for Indonesian workers in Japan. The findings highlight the need for an evaluation of the effectiveness of the legal protection provided, as well as an emphasis on its relation to the principles of human rights and the values of Pancasila. The legal protection provided should be in line with human rights principles, such as the rights to justice, equality and humanity. As a country based on Pancasila values, the practice of legal protection for Indonesian workers in Japan must also be consistent with Pancasila values, such as social justice, unity, and humanity. The recommendations from this research can serve as a foundation for improving the legal protection system for Indonesian workers in Japan, with the ultimate goal of improving their welfare and ensuring that their rights are properly recognized, respected and protected. As such, this research not only provides a better understanding of the challenges faced by Indonesian workers in Japan, but also offers directions that can be taken to improve their conditions in the future.

Investigation of the Temperature and Horizontal Freezing Force of Loess in Three-Dimensional Freezing.

Seasonal frozen soil has significant impacts on changes in soil mechanical properties, settlement, and damage to foundations. In order to study variations in the temperature and horizontal freezing force of loess during three-dimensional freezing, a three-dimensional freezing model test of loess was carried out. This experiment analyzed and studied the soil temperature change distribution characteristics, horizontal freezing force distribution rules, and water migration phenomena caused by temperature. The research results show that the temperature change in soil samples exhibits a "ring-like" decrease from the outside to the inside. When the soil temperature reaches the supercooling point, the cooling curve jumps and rises, and this is accompanied by a stable section with constant temperature. In the late freezing period, the temperature rate drops slowly. Under the action of freezing, the horizontal freezing forces at different positions have similar change characteristics and can be divided into four change stages: stable stage, rapid freezing stage, "secondary" freezing stage, and freezing-shrinkage-rebound stable stage. At lower moisture contents, loess samples undergo freeze-thaw shrinkage during the freezing process. During the rapid freezing stage of soil samples, the water in the soil sample migrates and causes secondary freezing. After the rapid freezing stage, the soil temperature continues to decrease, and the horizontal freezing force no longer decreases.

Physician migration in Romania: a study on the emigration preferences within the Cluj County healthcare system

Introduction. Medical migration represents the movement of healthcare professionals from one country to another. The migration of Romanian doctors has evolved as a captivating and diverse phenomenon in the complex framework of global healthcare. As Romania struggles with its healthcare issues, many of its experienced medical personnel travel to foreign areas, lured by various factors ranging from economic concerns to the desire to gain clinical experience. The aim of this study is to elucidate the dynamics of this migratory phenomenon among physicians from Cluj County, Romania, between 2017 and 2022. Methods. This retrospective study was performed between 2017 to 2022, and it was based on data from Cluj County Romanian College of Physicians, which included 571 specialist and consultant physicians from Cluj County who permanently migrated to other countries. Results. Between 2017 and 2022, a total of 571 physicians permanently migrated from Cluj, Romania, to various other countries. Analysis of the gender distribution among these emigrants reveals a predominant female presence (58.1%) and a trend toward younger emigrating physicians, predominantly those under 30 years. In terms of professional specialties, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, as well as General Medicine/Family Medicine, are the most represented specialties, constituting 11% and 9.1% of the emigrating physicians, respectively. There was a declining trend from 2017 to 2021, followed by an upward trend in 2021. Conclusions. Medical migration significantly impacts Romania’s Cluj County healthcare, intensifying workforce shortages and possibly in the future compromising patient care. Failure to address this may perpetuate systemic vulnerabilities, hindering optimal healthcare provision and necessitating some reforms for resilience and sustainability.

RETURN MIGRATION OF VIETNAMESE FROM CAMBODIA: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Over several decades, a combination of historical, economic, and political factors have influenced the multifaceted phenomenon of Vietnamese return migration from Cambodia. This article examines the return migration of Vietnamese from a historical perspective with document and contextual analysis, revealing a broader picture of the socio-economic and political dynamics in Cambodia and the historical relationship between Cambodia and Vietnam. Before the 1990s, return migration was significantly influenced by colonial-era migration policies and pervasive anti-Vietnamese sentiments. These factors led to violent repression and forced evictions under regimes such as Lon Nol and the Khmer Rouge, profoundly impacting the Vietnamese community in Cambodia. In contrast, administrative governance and economic factors have become the key determinants of Vietnamese return migration in the contemporary period. Understanding the underlying causes and mechanisms that create the situation for Vietnamese in Cambodia and their return is crucial, serving as a basis for addressing their current challenges and promoting their social integration in both countries.

Toward a comparative framework for studies of altitudinal migration.

The study and importance of altitudinal migration has attracted increasing interest among zoologists. Altitudinal migrants are taxonomically widespread and move across altitudinal gradients as partial or complete migrants, subjecting them to a wide array of environments and ecological interactions. Here, we present a brief synthesis of recent developments in the field and suggest future directions toward a more taxonomically inclusive comparative framework for the study of altitudinal migration. Our framework centers on a working definition of altitudinal migration that hinges on its biological relevance, which is scale-dependent and related to fitness outcomes. We discuss linguistic nuances of altitudinal movements and provide concrete steps to compare altitudinal migration phenomena across traditionally disparate study systems. Together, our comparative framework outlines a "phenotypic space" that contextualizes the biotic and abiotic interactions encountered by altitudinal migrants from divergent lineages and biomes. We also summarize new opportunities, methods, and challenges for the ongoing study of altitudinal migration. A persistent, primary challenge is characterizing the taxonomic extent of altitudinal migration within and among species. Fortunately, a host of new methods have been developed to help researchers assess the taxonomic prevalence of altitudinal migration-each with their own advantages and disadvantages. An improved comparative framework will allow researchers that study disparate disciplines and taxonomic groups to better communicate and to test hypotheses regarding the evolutionary and ecological drivers underlying variation in altitudinal migration among populations and species.