Phenomenon Of Life Research Articles

POSSIBILITIES AND POTENTIAL OF PROMOTING A MICROENVIRONMENT BASED ON A CULTURE OF PEACE IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Research reveals that the culture of peace is an actual phenomenon of people's social life, which is not only an approach to the prevention of violence and an alternative to the culture of war and violence but also creates a society that is probably only talked about in the context of utopia. In 2024, of course, it is not worth dreaming about utopia, however, educating the teaching staff about a micro-environment based on a culture of peace and its influence on the organization's operation contributes to the achievement of the goals of the learning process and a human-centered work environment. At the same time, an influential educational resource on cooperation and conflict resolution, decision-making, all human rights, communication, and information exchange is being developed. The publication highlights the possibilities of promoting a microenvironment based on a culture of peace, using the gamification process, and its pedagogical and psychological possibilities in improving the microenvironment of educational institutions in Liepāja, describing the empirical experience from case studies where was survey and game “Peace Please” sessions. The study aims to analyze the possibilities of using the gamification process based on the culture of peace in improving the microenvironment of educational institutions in Liepāja. The study results provide information about the game "Peace, please!" possibilities of use in educational institutions, indicating the essential thing common to the culture of peace and the organization's microenvironment. Problems specific to the micro-environment in educational institutions are identified and solutions are proposed for promoting a micro-environment based on a culture of peace.

Об ойратских текстах из рукописного сборника БМ-574 из коллекции П. Б. Балданжапова

Introduction. The collection of Oirat manuscripts by the famous Buryat scientist P. B. Baldanzhapov presents samples of Oirat texts collected by him during expeditions to Mongolia in the 1960s–1970s. Among these texts, along with hymns, praises of the deities of the Buddhist pantheon, sutras, fortune-telling books, descriptions of incense rituals, dharani texts (tarni) and texts against slander are presented. The purpose of the article is to present a description of the handwritten collection BM 574 in the Oirat language from the collection of P. B. Baldanzhapov, stored in the collections of the Central Historical Research Center of the IMBT SB RAS. Materials. The collection in question includes two texts: Xutuqtu biligiyin cāna kürüqsen tabün yoümiyin xürāngγüyin züreken kemēkü (“Holy [dharani], called ‘The Heart (Essence) of the Assembly of Five Mothers Who Have Achieved Transcendent Wisdom‘”) and Xutuqtu xara ama kele amurli ülün üyiledüqči kemēkü yeke külgüni sudur (“The Holy Mahayana Sutra, called “Pacifying Slander”). Results. Based on the analysis of the texts of the collection under consideration, their transliteration and translation into Russian in comparison with a number of published texts similar in topic, it was concluded that these texts are evidence of the existence of the Buddhist tradition among the Mongolian peoples, allowing one to get an idea of the thematic diversity of texts that have been circulating among believers. The texts considered shed light on the ritual side of Buddhist practice, aimed at eliminating various types of disasters and negative phenomena in the daily life of believers.

Study on the Translation of Verbal Humor in Bridget Jones’s Diary from the Perspective of Relevance Theory

Humor is a common phenomenon in daily life. Essentially, it is a special form of verbal communication. Since humor bears special language and cultural characteristics, the difficulty of translation is self-evident for translators. For many years, the translatability and untranslatability of humor have been the focus of the argument among scholars. Relevance theory attempts to explain the mechanism of humor generation and its translation from the perspective of cognition. Under the framework of relevance theory, this paper takes Bridget Jones's Diary and its Chinese version as the research object to explore the translation strategies of verbal humor, and evaluate whether the Chinese translation can represent the same humorous effect as the original. The results show that the translator adopts direct and indirect translation strategies when translating verbal humor, and the translation strategies have effectively achieved the same humorous effect as the original to some extent if the target language readers share the similar cognitive environment with the source language readers in some situations. Nevertheless, the humorous effects may not be fully conveyed in the target texts, especially when translating culturally loaded words and idiomatic expressions. In such cases, the author puts forward some tentative suggestions for improving the translated texts. The study makes an attempt to provide a feasibility analysis for the studies on translation of verbal humor in diary novels.

Bioinspired Plateau–Rayleigh Instability on Fibers: From Droplets Manipulation to Continuous Liquid Films

AbstractThe Plateau–Rayleigh instability (PRI) of a liquid column, which always spontaneously breaks into droplets to minimize surface energy, underlies a variety of fascinating phenomena in daily life and industrial applications. Different from the free liquid column, the evolution of the liquid film on a fiber involves solid‐liquid interfaces which allow for regulating the PRI. Recently, natural fibers with certain topologies have witnessed various dynamic liquid behaviors from droplet manipulation to continuous liquid films. Tailoring the topology of local curved liquid film by the structural‐confinement is the key to manipulating liquids, where the asymmetric Laplace pressure generated by the asymmetric/non‐spherical liquid film promotes the liquid motion. In nature, the spider silk collects droplets efficiently by the spindle‐knot structure; while the mulberry silk enables a smooth surface‐coating on dual‐parallel fibers. Drawing inspirations, many artificial structured fibers are developed to precisely regulate liquid behaviors in the form of either separated droplets or continuous liquid films, which have demonstrated applications as fluidic coating, micro‐patterning, and materials fabrication. Here, recent research progress on bioinspired fibrous PRI from the viewpoints of tailoring the Laplace pressure by rationally designing the surface topology, which offers inspiration for liquid manipulation using open fibrous media, is reviewed.

Balancing work and family when family is work: a reconceptualization of work–family integration, burnout and detachment in family business

PurposeBuilding from calls for greater interdisciplinary research in interpreting family business phenomena, we integrate research on work–family conflict, detachment and burnout from both organizational and family studies. Using the characteristic work–family integration of family business settings as a backdrop we develop theoretical arguments that emphasize the reconciliatory role of interdisciplinary perspectives to explain the ostensibly contradictory findings in extant research. The diminishing barriers separating work and life spheres occurring in most global industries illustrate the importance of conceiving the study of work–life phenomena through recursive, rather than linear, logics and emphasizing the relevance of family business research in providing a contextual foundation for interdisciplinary discussions.Design/methodology/approachThis theoretical paper integrates perspectives from the literatures on organizational behavior and family systems theory to form six propositions on the relationship between work–life integration and the antecedents and consequences of burnout and psychological detachment.FindingsThis paper explores the nuances that overlapping work and family roles might be a source of both harmony and discord in family firms. In doing so, our research contributes to the growing relationship between family systems theory and family business research, and creates the foundation for future empirical studies on the psychological dynamics that underlie work–family integration.Originality/valueThis research advances a novel perspective on the interactions between work–family integration and burnout and detachment, and does so by noting that the way the family business literature treats work–family integration may apply to any employee that experiences tension between these different spheres of their identity.

Social Conflict and Social Change in Colson Whitehead’s The Nickel Boys

Social conflict is a common phenomenon in everyday life. Basically, social conflict occurs because of differences in interests between the two groups. As a result, this triggers the emergence of social change in society. Not only in real life but conflict can also be represented in literary works, such as in the novel The Nickel Boys by Colson Whitehead. The novel tells about the social conflicts that occurr in black and white US society, especially at the Nickel Academy. Furthermore, this study aims to determine the form and impact of social conflict on social change in the novel. This research is included in literary criticism, which uses the sociology of literature approach by applying Ralf Dahrendorf's conflict theory. The data in this study were taken from the novel The Nickel Boys by Colson Whitehead, which was published in 2019 by Doubleday, US. Research data were analyzed by identifying, classifying, interpreting, and making conclusions. This research resulted in two findings. First, the social conflict in the novel is represented through several acts of discrimination that occur at Nickel Academy. This social conflict occurred as a result of differences in interests and goals between groups in the social structure there, namely the Nickel Academy staff group, which has the above social structure (superordinate group) and the Nickel Academy student group, which has the lower social structure (subordinate group). Second, the social conflict that occurs in the novel has an impact on social change which is related to the social structure that exists in the Nickel Academy. This change is represented by the removal of the social structure that was there by the US government. Moreover, the researcher suggests future researchers use another approach, such as structuralism, psychology, or others. In addition, they can also use other conflict theories, such as the conflict theory of Karl Marx, Lewis A. Coser, or George Simmel.

Psychophysiological effects of walking in forests and urban built environments with disparate road traffic noise exposure: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundStress is a widespread phenomenon and reality of everyday life, entailing negative consequences for physical and psychological wellbeing. Previous studies have indicated that exposure to greenspaces and nature-based interventions are promising approaches to reducing stress and promoting restoration. However, an increasing percentage of the population lives in urban regions with limited opportunities to spend time in greenspaces. In addition, urban settings typically feature increased levels of noise, which represents a major environmental stressor. Although various studies have compared the effects of exposure to greenspaces versus urban built environments, evidence of the effects of noise in this context is very limited. Psychophysiological benefits of exposure to greenspaces compared to urban built environments reported in earlier studies might be less (or at least not only) due to features of the greenspaces than to additional stressors, such as road traffic noise in the urban built environment. Hence, differences in the effects attributed to greenness in previous studies may also be due to potentially detrimental noise effects in comparison settings. This paper reports the study protocol for a randomized, controlled intervention study comparing the effects of walking in forest versus urban built environments, taking road traffic noise exposure during walks in the respective settings into account.MethodsThe protocol envisages a field study employing a pretest–posttest design to compare the effects of 30-min walks in urban built environments and forests with different road traffic noise levels. Assessments will consist of self-reported measures, physiological data (salivary cortisol and skin conductance), an attention test, and noise, as well as greenness measurements. The outcomes will be restoration, stress, positive and negative affect, attention, rumination, and nature connectedness.DiscussionThe results will inform about the restorative effect of walking in general, of exposure to different types of environments, and to different noise levels in these sites. The study will provide insights into the benefits of walking and nature-based interventions, taking into account the potential detrimental effects of noise exposure. It will thus facilitate a better understanding of low-threshold interventions to prevent stress and foster wellbeing.Trial registrationISRCTN48943261; Registered 23.11.2023.

Mind-enlightenment and observation: Analysis of ancient and modern weird pulse diagrams in " Guidelines for Disease Detection "

<p>脈診，是中醫重要的診斷方法。醫者手觸脈動引發主觀的判讀，因抽象體會難以言說，故歷來做了許多努力。早期以文字譬喻為主描述脈象，至宋代施發《察病指南》增見具象的脈象圖示。文章以七怪脈為主，比對古脈圖與現代脈儀圖，尋其特點與限制，或能為新世代的診斷尋找更合宜的時代範式。研究發現，古脈圖是傳統脈診心象運思的表徵，有輔助文字的重要作用。科技脈儀圖，則以心臟或血液動力學為基礎，如實記錄脈搏的波動訊號，從時域到高低頻譜以揭露生理病理的訊息。比較兩者，可各見特點與限制：古圖提供他人藉以揣摩，難以盡言的脈覺體會，其譬喻文圖的運用所載意義更為豐富固是優勢所在；然也因非邏輯性的傳訊而形成多樣的表達，這非客觀化的限制，正是當代醫家的修正努力與科診儀器強調的優處。另一方面，儀器診察雖有客觀、標準化的特點，但其測值是否能涵蓋生命的整體現象亦有質疑聲音。故兩者該並行析究：在傳統理論與現代儀器之間，嘗試建構一套能銜接古今的替代理論，或許能為新世代的脈診量測，提供一個較為周全的診斷依據。而中醫的脈圖分析能進入當代，參與W.J.T.Mitchell圖像轉向中，生物圖像研究的子題是無疑的。</p> <p> </p><p>This article mainly focuses on the seven weird pulses, compares ancient pulse diagrams and modern pulse diagrams, and seeks out their characteristics and limitations, hoping to find a more suitable paradigm for the diagnosis of the new generation. Research has found that ancient pulse diagrams are representations of mental images and thoughts in traditional pulse diagnosis, and play an important role in supporting text. The technological pulse chart is based on heart or hemodynamics and faithfully records pulse fluctuation signals from time domain to high and low frequency spectrum to reveal physiological and pathological information. Comparing the two, we can see the characteristics and limitations of each: the ancient pictures provide others with an indescribable pulse-sensing experience, and the use of metaphors and pictures contains richer meanings, which is an advantage; however, it is also illogical Forming diverse expressions through communication, this non-objectification limitation is exactly the advantage emphasized by the revision efforts of contemporary doctors and medical diagnostic equipment. On the other hand, although instrumental diagnosis has the characteristics of being objective and standardized, there are also doubts about whether its measured values can cover the overall phenomenon of life. Therefore, the two should be analyzed in parallel: between traditional theory and modern instruments, trying to construct an alternative theory that can connect ancient and modern times may provide a more comprehensive diagnostic basis for pulse diagnosis and measurement in the new generation. The pulse diagram analysis of TCM can enter the contemporary era and participate in W.J.T. Mitchell’s pictorial turn. There is no doubt that it is a sub-topic of biological image research.</p> <p> </p>

CHARACTERISTICS OF FAIRY TALES IN CHILDREN'S LITERATURE

Special works created by authors for children are referred to as children's literature. Children's reading enhances children's spiritual development and provides them with enjoyment in both education and the arts. Children's literature is tied to the reality of diverse social phenomena in life and human existence, and it uses its creative medium to represent these facts, just like all other domains of social consciousness and ideological labour. In this article, we discuss comparative features of Uzbek and British fairy tales which can provide the young generation with real intellectual, moral, aesthetic and physical education.

ОФІЦІЙНО-ДІЛОВИЙ ДИСКУРС І ОФІЦІЙНО-ДІЛОВИЙ ТЕКСТ: ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЯ ПОНЯТЬ В АСПЕКТІ КОМУНІКАТИВНОГО СИНТАКСИСУ

In this work were established parameters of official-business discourse and official-business text, the functions of the addressee and the addressee, the relationship between them are defined. The general development of linguistics contributes to changes in modern business administration. That is why today one of the important linguistic problems is the research of the syntax of the official business style. Text is an abstract formal construction of certain grammatical models, and official business discourse is various types of actualization of this construction within the limits of extralinguistic factors. The main communicators of the official business text and official business discourse are the addressee and the addressee. Discourse is a situational communication using text due to the desire of the addressee to convey the necessary information to the addressee. Official business text is a means of conveying business and professional information. The texts of the official business style of speech contain information about the facts and phenomena of social life in the evaluative, legal and professional plane. The social direction of the official business text and discourse brings them closer together, assimilates them: the text of a business paper conveys and explains the real state of affairs in accordance with the specific moment of speech and can be interpreted as an official business discourse. Through official business discourse and official business text, business communication is carried out: transmission (oral or written) of official information by the addressee for the purpose of its perception, analysis, preservation and possibility of external use by the addressee. The main features of official business discourse are shared with the features of official business text and official business style. These are brevity, compactness (conciseness) of the presentation of information, specificity, clarity, accuracy (unambiguity), clarity (accessibility), minimal use of linguistic means and standardization of the content of what is said, completeness of content and objectivity (impartiality). The concepts of language business discourse and official business text have the following common features: social orientation, influence of non-linguistic factors, in particular innovations, in the spheres of political, scientific, technical and national human life (situational aspect). The use of different types of speech in business papers: narration (autobiography, report), reflection (various types of business letters), description (resolution, order, act, etc.) - emphasizes the stylistic multifunctionality of official business discourse in general.

Evolutionary Computation in bioinformatics: A survey

Bioinformatics is a subject that studies life phenomena by using mathematical and information science theories and techniques. Its main tasks, such as DNA sequence comparison, protein structure prediction and cell metabolism analysis, can be regarded as complex optimization problems with different characteristics. Evolutionary computing is a kind of global optimization algorithm inspired by nature. Over the years, scholars have accumulated fruitful results in solving complex optimization problems such as large-scale, dynamic, multi-modal, multi-objective and multi-constrained problems by using Evolutionary Computation algorithms, and have successfully applied to the above optimization tasks in bioinformatics. This paper mainly summarizes the work of Evolutionary Computation technologies in bioinformatics from 2019 to 2023 at multiple levels, including Genomics, Proteomics, metabolomics and molecular networks related optimization tasks, as well as further applications in disease diagnosis and drug development.

Expanding the scope of "trans-humanism": situating within the framework of life and death education - the importance of a "trans-mystical mindset".

Life and death education, as noted from the literatures, has been studied and researched extensively in China, Malaysia, and Taiwan. Our own research undertakings over the past several years, situated in different sociocultural settings have delved into aspects of life and death that could help advance theoretical understanding of the subject matters (e.g., does the meaning of "effective life functioning" connote differing interpretations for different cultural groups?). Situating within the framework of life and death education, we expand the study of trans-humanism by introducing an extended prefix or nomenclature known as "trans-mystical". Specifically, our philosophized concept of trans-mysticism considers a related concept, which we term as a "trans-mystical mindset". A trans-mystical mindset, differing from an ordinary mindset, from our philosophical rationalization, is defined as "a person's higher-order state of consciousness, espousing her perception, judgment, belief, and attempted interpretation of life and death phenomena that are mystifying and fall outside the ordinary boundaries of human psyche." Our focus of inquiry, as reported in the present article, seeks to advance our proposition: that a trans-mystical mindset, unlike an ordinary mindset, may help a person to rationalize, appreciate, and understand metaphysical contexts, mystical experiences, and the like. This focus, interestingly, serves to highlight an important discourse - namely, that there is a dichotomy in theoretical lenses (i.e., objective reality vs. individual subjectivity) that a person may use to rationalize the significance or non-significance of universal contexts, events, phenomena, etc. (e.g., a person's experience of "premonition"). As such, then, there is an important question that we seek to consider: whether philosophization, or the use of philosophical psychology, would yield perceived "scientific evidence" to support or to reject the study of metaphysicism, mysticism, and the like? For example, does our philosophization of an "equivalency" between a person's trans-mystical mindset and her experience of self-transcendence help to normalize and/or to scientize the subject matters of metaphysicism, mysticism, etc.?

Musical Aesthetics of Silence: Nilus of Sora in the Context of the Singing Culture of his Era

The article is devoted to the consideration of the philosophical (hesychast) heritage of Nilus of Sora in the context of the church singing culture of his time based on the material of surviving notated manuscripts of the late 15th – early 16th centuries. His essay “The Tradition and Rules of Living in the Hermitage” contains ideas of a musical and aesthetic nature, some evidence about the singing culture of that era and a value assessment of a number of phenomena of musical and church life.

Students' Geographic Literacy Abilities

One of the abilities that students must master in the 21st century is literacy skills, one of which is geographic literacy. Based on previous research, students' geographic literacy, in general, still needs to improve. This research aims to determine and analyze the geographic literacy abilities of State High School (SMA) students in Jambi City. This research uses a survey method. The data processing results show that the geographic literacy skills of 190 State High School students in Jambi City are in the medium category with a percentage of 51% or 97 students. This means the students can understand the essence of interaction, interconnection, and the contextual implications of spatial interaction phenomena in life. Daily for some instances only. Meanwhile, the number of students in the high geographical literacy category is 43 or 23%, so it can be interpreted that students can understand the essence of interaction, interconnection and the implications of spatial interaction phenomena contextually in everyday life. Geographic literacy skills in the low category are 50 students or 26%, which means that students still need to understand the essence of interaction, interconnection and the implications of spatial interaction phenomena contextually in everyday life.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF FORMATION OF THE CONCEPT OF ENSURING SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY OF ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALISATION OF BUSINESS PROCESSES

It is established that the system of free enterprise in the form in which it is implemented does not ensure progressive changes and they do not occur. The authors believe that in order to ensure a high level of socio-economic security of Ukrainians, it is advisable to use methods, levers, information and legal support for socio-economic security based on the digitalisation of business processes at enterprises, organisations and institutions. The article substantiates the expediency of forming a structure and mechanism for ensuring socio-economic security, taking into account the determination of the values of the State, phenomena of public life and public consciousness, in order to solve the problems of ensuring the effective operation of enterprise through the use of digital innovative technologies. It proposes a structure of socio-economic security of enterprises in the context of digitalisation of business processes. In order to ensure the conditions for social protection of employees of enterprise, a mechanism for such protection is proposed, taking into account the economic component, which will largely depend on the introduction of digital technologies into the business processes of enterprise. The paper suggests the concept of digitalisation of business processes of enterprise with a view to forming and ensuring socio-economic security of enterprises in the context of digitalisation of business processes. It is proved that the digital society is a necessary progressive movement, which involves the intensive and productive use of digital technologies in all spheres of human life, the life of economic entities, regions and the State. The publication analyses the global volume of trade through e-commerce retail in 2016-2021 as a sign of the external environment of socio-economic security of enterprise. The emphasis is placed on the digital society as an external environment of socio-economic security of enterprise. It is determined that digital technologies have a significant impact on the socio-economic security of enterprises, as they allow increasing the profitability of production, reducing human labour costs, ensuring rhythmic operation at all stages of business processes, making it possible to implement the tasks set and achieve common economic, social and civic goals. It is determined that the digital economy covers not only the information and communication sector, but also all business sectors in all areas of economic activity, including the public and private sectors, non-financial and tertiary sectors, financial sector, extractive industry, manufacturing and services, agriculture and construction. The study analyses the system characteristics of functioning of the mechanisms for ensuring socio-economic security, taking into account the relationship between internal relations and the external environment. The article examines the assessment of digital quality of life according to the Digital Quality of Life Index 2023, and identifies factors and trends that affect such indicators. The factors influencing the socio-economic security of the 10 largest IT companies in Ukraine by the number of specialists as of July 2023 are identified. The prospects for the impact of digitalisation of business processes of enterprises on the socio-economic security of Ukraine are determined.

Ayurvedic Insights on Improving Poor Sleep Quality

Sleep – this natural urge is so essential phenomenon of life that engages our one third of life-span, still indulging in being slept is mystery to everyone. At one side adequate sleep quality imparts fair concentration, emotional, cognitive motivational harmony inside body’s mind, soul and consciousness. Contrary to which inadequate sleep or poor sleep quality leads to tiredness, lack of focus, exhaustion, a low pain tolerance, anxiety, irritational thoughts, hallucinations, loss of appetite, constipation and many more. Sleep has a positive impact over digestion, metabolism, nourishment and health. It is irresistible, irreplaceable and unique boon for us, which is pillar of our life. The natural cycle of sleep and awakening is depending on Awastha of Sharir Dosha, Kaal Dosha, and few more factors as depicted in Ayurveda texts. So, the quality of sleep depends on these factors. If there is Kshaya of Kapha, or Vriddhi of Vata and Pitta, then the quality of sleep disturbs. In the realm of holistic well-being, Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, offers profound insights into optimizing sleep quality. Through personalized approaches, Ayurvedic remedies like herbal formulations, lifestyle modifications, and relaxation techniques aim to rebalance Doshas and promote restful sleep. Integrating practices such as meditation, gentle yoga, and consistent sleep routines can pacify Vata and Pitta Dosha, calm the mind, and induce relaxation, fostering deeper and more rejuvenating sleep. Ayurveda's holistic perspective provides a natural and sustainable pathway to address poor sleep quality and promote overall well-being. The present paper is here to discuss in detail about Sukh Nidra.

Content Analysis of Chemistry Textbooks in the Chapter on Thermochemistry

This study aimed to analyze the aspects of the general chemistry textbook in the chapter on thermochemistry. We reviewed three general chemistry textbooks commonly used in basic chemistry courses. This study used a qualitative approach by content analysis. The focus of this study was the thermochemistry chapter because this topic was considered to be difficult by students. Data analysis was carried out descriptively by combining similar data within the chemical literacy framework. The analysis results indicated that the three textbooks fulfilled most of the chemical content knowledge indicators, except for chemistry as an experimental discipline. The textbooks provided insights that chemistry can be used to explain phenomena in everyday life, to make decisions and participate in social debates on chemistry-related issues, and to understand the relationship between innovations in chemistry and sociological processes. The textbooks also presented knowledge that can encourage the enhancement of high-order learning skills, particularly in the review problems section.
 Keywords: chemistry, textbook, thermochemistry

Theoretical and conceptual foundations of research on religious Conservatism as a social structure in the works of Karl Mannheim and Talcott Parsons

The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the research field of religious conservatism. By itself, religious conservatism as a phenomenon of public life and social structure, since its inception, has had a great influence not only on the religious sphere of society, but also on the political and even economic spheres. The modern research field of religious conservatism is quite diverse, there are a large number of different directions and schools in it, but most of them borrow their methodological foundations from a certain number of classical works on sociology, formed within the framework of mainstream sociological secularism. In this regard, secularism attitudes continue to be reproduced quite often in modern sociological science. The purpose of this work is to examine the early, fundamental theoretical and methodological positions created in classical sociological works on the topic of religious conservatism as a social structure and social phenomenon. To achieve the goal, it was necessary to solve the following tasks: 1) To characterize the works of the early stage of the study of religious conservatism in sociology; 2) To identify and characterize the theories of society in which the main works were created; 3) To define the concept of religious conservatism as a social phenomenon or social structure; 4) Describe the impact of these concepts on further sociological discussion. The research materials were theoretical studies by foreign authors devoted to the conceptualization of the theme of religious conservatism. The research methodology is based on secondary analysis. The results revealed the main patterns of the theoretical foundations of religious conservatism in the works of the classics of sociology.

Kształtowanie kultury zaufania w szkole z perspektywy dyrektorów. Komunikat z badań jakościowych

This article looks at the mechanisms for building a culture of trust in the school environment, as described by the leaders of selected schools. Trust, like other phenomena of social life, is relational in nature and is a key value that determines the quality of interpersonal relationships. The school is treated as a place for the accumulation of trust resources for the multiplication of social capital. A culture of trust is a dynamic system of values, norms and behaviours that are the source of people’s sense of security and willingness to support others. The text takes the form of a research communication and aims to present ways of understanding, developing and sustaining good relationships at school based on a foundation of trust. The practices of creating a trusting environment have been reconstructed from the statements of headteachers of four schools in and around Warsaw. In this way, a kind of anatomical model (structure) of trust was obtained, consisting of the competence and professionalism of principals and teachers, teachers’ freedom and autonomy, the priority role of cooperation, and organisational transparency. The principals of the schools selected for the study are developing their own practices for building a critical culture of trust.

The Specifics of the Study of Small Stanzas in Kazakh Poetry

The article is devoted to the study of the genesis and features of the development of “kara olen” (poem), an ancient genre of Kazakh literature. We are talking about the environment of chanting, the area of distribution of “kara olen”, which conveys the way of life, culture and literature of the Kazakh people. The opinions of scientists on the nature and definition of the genre are considered. It is known that "Kara olen" was studied by Sh. Ualikhanov, M. Auyezov, K. Zhumaliev, E. Ismailov, B. Kenzhebaev, B. Uakatov, Z. Akhmetov, G. Doskenov and other famous scientists. Examples from the statements of several of these scientists are given. It also tells about the work of the country's famous poet Orazakin Askar on the collection of quatrains “kara olen”. The poems of akyns and zhyrau were taken into account and analyzed. The nature, specificity of the content, and the theme of “kara olen” differ, which takes its place in Kazakh poetry. The specificity of the genre lies in the fact that four stanzas in it attach great philosophical importance, various phenomena of life manifest themselves. The people leading the country conveyed their wise thoughts to the general public through “kara olen”. The meaning of those stanzas that have come down to us is discussed in the article. Both the creator and the distributor of the poem are the people themselves. These stanzas were passed from mouth to mouth and even sounded in the song. At weddings, at various events, young people competed in quatrains, sang songs to the accompaniment of dombra. The article explores the type, character and specificity of the genre.