Phenomenon Of Leadership Research Articles

MOKYTOJAS LYDERIS IKIMOKYKLINĖJE ĮSTAIGOJE

Research on the phenomenon of leadership in recent years has revealed that attitudes in society towards who can be a leader in education are changing. This is actualized both by the research conducted by researchers and by the Lithuanian strategic educational documents, which emphasize that anyone who ignites their ideas, is committed to change and leads others can be a leader in the organization. As a result, leadership is no longer confined to school managers. The expression of leadership becomes no less important for every participant in the educational process: teachers, parents, children and other members of the school community. Today, the school that prepares its students for the future and the entire education system can no longer function according to traditional organizational governance models that recognize one-person management and leadership. Transforming the education system to meet the demands of an ever-changing society on its future members requires not only political will but also education leaders committed to change. Promoting the leadership of pre-school teachers should be one of the strategic goals of the institution and the pursuit of educational goals and change at both the institutional and national levels. The opportunity for teachers to become involved and participate in the management and change processes of the educational institution, to develop the traits and qualities of a leader allows them to grow both as educational professionals and as personalities.

Language Markers of Leadership in Political Discourse

Leadership as an indispensable element of social relations is an object of research within different schools of thought; however, its common understanding has not been developed yet. Different authors share the opinion that leadership includes authority, ability to lead, take decisions, influence people, organize and structure group interaction, unite people to achieve a goal. In linguistics it is studied in sociolinguistics, political and anthropological linguistics. In the research the authors aim at detecting special language markers of leadership in the speech of a political leader which are verbalized by language means of different language layers, while their choice depends on sociocultural codes shared by the leader, typical of certain linguoculture, age, social, professional group, and stipulated by individual features of the leader’s personality. Considering the existing approaches to linguistic markers analysis, the authors point out at the relevance of sociolinguistic and athropolinguistic approaches, as these markers lie in the area of intersection of social dialect and leader’s idiolect. On the material of the interview of V.V. Putin to NBC journalist the authors attempt to detect, describe and classify markers of leadership in the political leader’ discourse. To define the lexical means of verbalization of leadership the authors employ the theoretical insights of conceptual fields theory. Pragmarhetoric markers are studied through speech acts theory. The research proved the authors’ hypothesis that a leader’s speech contains a multi-level complex of language markers of leadership, i.e. lexical and pragmarhetoric units which express the phenomenon of leadership in the discourse of a political leader.

THE PHENOMENON OF LEADERSHIP IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

the article points out that the scientific problem of training leaders in higher education institutions is aimed at developing new theoretical, methodological and practical principles that reflect the basic patterns of formation of leadership potential of future professionals. It is stated that the use of leadership potential and the implementation of leadership, which will significantly improve the effectiveness of solving difficult situations, will encourage effective interaction of all its participants. The focus is on the fact that the education system in the process of targeted leadership training should pay attention not only to the formation of the necessary set of knowledge and skills, but also to the development of future leaders' ability to influence people and inspire them to dream, learn and work more. The need to further study the phenomenon of spiritual leadership in modern science to improve the training of future professionals in institutions of higher education.

Теоретичні та концептуальні підходи до досліджень аспектів лідерства в органах публічної влади

Досліджено теоретичні засади лідерства в органах публічної влади на основі аналізу різних підходів та теорій лідерства. Акцентовано увагу на використанні наукових підходів та розробок вітчизняних і зарубіжних вчених при дослідженні лідерства, обґрунтовано роль лідерства у державному управлінні на сучасному етапі соціально-економічного розвитку та доведено необхідність системного розвитку лідерства в органах публічної влади.

Сетевое лидерство: к вопросу о механизме политической мобилизации

The article attempts to develop an approach to describing the mechanism of network political mobilization by political leaders. The purpose was achieved through a pilot empirical study. In order to obtain data on the participants, means and methods of political mobilization in the network space the method of questioning was used. The audience of the research is students of universities of large Russian cities in the number of 83 people. Participants of research are selected by a method of purposeful sampling. The objectives of the analysis are also the communication environment of political leaders in the network space, technologies, methods and system of evaluation of interaction in social media. The results of the research confirmed the hypothesis of the deployment process of the phenomenon of network political leadership, identified and described trends in the communications of network leaders. Authors offered a methodology of research of network mobilization process through a prism of parameters of network involvement and online political support. The presence of these elements makes it possible to launch the mechanism of political mobilization in social networks. In the long term, the data obtained and the developed tools for empirical research can be useful in conducting large-scale political research, in particular, studying the phenomenon of political recruiting.

Bibliographic Analysis of Basic Leadership Models in a Global Environment

Leadership is one of the functions of management, and unlike other management functions, it cannot be partially transferred to others, so leadership becomes the most important and real function of management. It is a ubiquitous and current topic because successful leadership is a skill that is present in different aspects of life and organizations, such as in a company, the state, in wars, or within the family. The art is to influence other people and relationships so that they are willing to achieve set goals. Leadership is an action, not a position that is automatically gained by a position in an organization. The phenomenon of leadership and successful leaders always capture the attention of not only the scientific but also the social public. Given the large number of studies conducted and studies written on the importance and the impact of leadership, numerous models, approaches, and leadership theories have been formed. The paper aims to shed some light on the research trends of leadership types in scientific literature. The Scopus database has been researched using the keywords “leadership type”, which resulted in 127 journal articles. A bibliographic analysis has been conducted with the focus on the timeline of publications, trends in leading authors, institutions, and countries, and the financing institutions analysis. Citation analysis has also been conducted with the focus on papers with the highest number of citations. Topics of the papers have been analyzed using the text mining analysis, which revealed a variety of management-related topics.
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Teachers' Views on Teacher Leadership: A Qualitative Analysis

Contemporary theories emphasize the importance of teacher leaders who can impress and sincerely value the student and become a model and guide in the process of learning and production in order to be successful in the transformation and development of the educational organizations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the phenomenon of teacher leadership from the teachers' perspective and raise the awareness of teachers on their teacher leadership level. In that sense, the teachers were asked about the qualities a teacher leader must have, the obstacles to become a teacher leader, and the ways to improve leadership skills. The study group consists of 40 teachers who serve in primary, secondary, high school, and private schools in Trabzon province of Turkey. A semi-structured interview form was used to collect the research data, and the data were analyzed manually by using the content analysis technique. As a result of the research, key characteristics of teacher leaders were found to be being fair and reliable as a person, self-developing and a role model as a professional, and having effective communication skills as a social person. The emerging results from the views of the teachers showed that administration, colleagues and hierarchical structure of the system pose crucial obstacles for teacher leaders, and in order to nurture teacher leadership in schools teachers should be provided with professional development opportunities especially through with trainings focusing on improvement of leadership skills.

Shared Space in Distance: A Phenomenological Study on Student Leadership in Virtual Platform

Campus student leadership in a virtual space refers to the pursuit of student leaders in pursuing leadership through organizing, implementing, and facilitating programs and activities virtually. This study utilized a Qualitative Transcendental Phenomenological approach with two sets of focused group discussions and two in-depth interviews. Four themes (categories) emerged that characterized the essence (structure) of the phenomenon of student leadership in virtual space. The themes include “transition and gains” that discuss their experience of the shift from face-to-face leadership to the virtual platform. The second theme is “Mindfulness and Actions” which describes how their mental attitudes have changed when it comes to making decisions now that they lead virtually. The third one is “Adaptability and Coping” which discusses their experiences on how they adapt to the changes and cope with the challenges. The fourth theme is on “virtual rapport and connection” which explains the roles exemplified by the student leaders in establishing the connections among them in the virtual space. The understanding of student leadership in a virtual space provides input for the institution in intensifying its support and improving the delivery of virtual programs and activities through more effective and efficient leadership of students.

PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERSTANDING OF LEADERSHIP IN THE HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS

The article is devoted to the investigation of development of philosophical ideas of leadership . The accent has been made on the historical and cultural specific features of interpretation of the phenomenon of leadership in Antiquity, Middle Ages, Renaissance, Modern Age and contemporary time. It has been concluded that leadership research can be divided into three main areas: 1) the first direction comes from the interpretation of leadership as a social and cultural universal as an activity inherent in society at all stages of its development and having general patterns of manifestation in all spheres of social life; 2) the second direction is based on the identification of leadership and management; 3) the third direction of inquiries singles out leadership as a separate social and cultural phenomenon with various aspects which it is not reducible either to the sphere of management, or to psychology, or to the activities of state authorities or individual political leaders. Key words: Leader, Leadership, Hero, Power, Society, Culture.

Effect of despotic leadership on counterproductive behavior: the role of reduced organization-based self-esteem and emotional stability

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to examine the effect of despotic leadership behavior on followers’ counterproductive behavior. It was also hypothesized that the effect would be mediated by reduced organization-based self-esteem (ROBSE) and moderated by employee emotional stability. We draw upon the conservation of resources perspective and social exchange theory. Theoretical framework: We draw upon social exchange theory. Design/methodology/approach: The setting of the study was SMEs (small and medium enterprises) in the Gujranwala Division of Pakistan. Time-lagged data were collected from 227 supervisor-subordinate dyads. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the direct and mediating effects. Interaction moderation was performed using Hayes’ PROCESS macro in SPSS. Findings: The findings suggest that despotic leadership has a positive effect on counterproductive behavior. Reduced organization-based self-esteem partially mediates the influence of despotic leadership on counterproductive behavior. Similarly, emotional stability moderates the impact of despotic leadership on counterproductive behavior. Research Practical & Social Implications: The phenomenon of despotic leadership is not new in organizations; however, it has only recently attracted interest from researchers. It is a good time to empirically investigate the impacts this leadership style can have on subordinates. Originality/Value: For the first time, it is confirmed by our results that despotic leaders’ behavior lowers subordinates’ self-esteem and causes them to engage in counterproductive behavior, except those who have high levels of emotional stability. The study sheds light on the ill effects of despotic leaders on followers. Keywords: despotic leadership, counterproductive behavior, reduced organization-based self-esteem, emotional stability

Vladimir Nikititch Vinogradov (1882-1964): the leader of Soviet therapists

The article reconstructs and describes, considering as a background the social political events that took place in the USSR during 1930s-1950s, the scientific biography and input into clinical medicine of professor V. N. Vinogradov (1882-1964), the prominent Soviet therapist, the Hero of Socialist Labor, the USSR State Prize winner (posthumously), the holder of five Orders of Lenin, the Honored Man of Science, the Head of the Chairs of Faculty Therapy of the I. V. Stalin Second Moscow State Medical Institute (1935-1942) and the I. M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical (1943-1964), the full member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. The facts of participation of V. N. Vinogradov in the political trials on "The case of the Trotskyst block" (1938, on the side of the prosecution) and on "The case of physicians" (1952-1953, as the accused one) are presented. The issues of existence of the scientific clinical school of V. N. Vinogradov (in a sense, the united school of V. N. Vinogradov-V. G. Popov can be considered) and the phenomenon of leadership of V. N. Vinogradov among the therapeutic elite of the USSR are discussed. This phenomenon consists in dedication to the cause he served and in consecutive implementation of the priority directions of the clinic of internal diseases, developed by the teams of the departments and clinics headed by him in different years.

Leadership Development in Students as Part of Attitude Development

Leadership development corresponds to the focus on the individual’s success and competitiveness strategy. This is the optimal direction of the organization of attitude development because it covers two aspects of the student’s personality development: professionally-oriented and self-centric. The aim of the study is to identify and compare the leadership level in second- and fourth-year students to see dynamics of development and implementation of the leadership phenomenon in the professional and personal making up of future specialists. The task was to: (1) diagnose the existing educational impact of the university environment on the formation of leadership competencies; (2) clarify the relationship between the objective level of leadership skills development and assessment of leadership characteristics by students themselves; (3) determining tactics for further support and / or stimulation of personal and professional leadership skills of students; (4) elucidating the relationship between leadership skills and academic performance; (5) determining the universal prerequisites for the formation of leadership qualities of students. Based on the theoretical analysis of the issue, the authors developed an objective and subjective diagnostic model for leadership skills. In this study, data of the objective diagnostic technique are the key. Subjective diagnostic technique for leadership skills provides insights for problem interpretation. At the level of the first group of respondents, the average Leadership Skills Level of the second-year students was quite low and was found within the medium level. The second group of respondents consisting of the fourth-year students showed a slight but effective improvement. The Leadership Skills of this group were found at a sufficient level. Positive dynamics was revealed for all criteria of leadership skills as a result of applying objective diagnostic methods: decreased percentage of students with negative and relatively low markers of Leadership Skills Level and corresponding increase in percentage of students with positive markers of Leadership Skills Level. Further research can be organized in the direction of identifying and developing successful universal and professionally-oriented tactics for leadership development in students as part of attitude development.

LEARNING ORGANIZATION: A NEW MANAGEMENT PARADIGM

The article substantiates the need and forms an actual conceptual foundations vision of a learning organization development, which has a number of unique competitive advantages due to the effective intellectual potential use. A number of differences in understanding the essential learning organization characteristics, as well as its fundamental differences with a traditional organization, are distinguished. The key concepts of the formation of a learning organization, as a fundamental component of the intellectual potential management system are specifying. Implementation of the formulated concepts will create a basis for building a learning organization to accelerate the transition to an innovative development model. The problems of individual and organizational training as the necessary condition for the development and effective use of the organizations intellectual potential are analyzed. The fundamental principles of learning organization constructing, which are based on a new management paradigm are highlighted. The author's definition of the "learning organization" and "corporate culture" categories essence is given. The theoretical model of the learning organization, which contains a description of such an organization and interconnection between its basic elements, is developed. For these organization elements, the requirements of which contributes to the development and implementation of the over pointed self-learning organization abilities at the highest possible level consideration and systematized. The main norms and values representing the corporate culture of the learning organization are given. Motivators and tools that make it possible to create an effective system of employees’ motivation to increase the level of labor intellectualization in the organization are revealed. The personnel professional development motivation methods are analyzed. The pyramid of managers’ professional competencies by organizational and serving levels and is accentuated at leadership phenomenon. The strategic vision of the learning organization development is formed. The actual directions of a defined problem further development is the search for ways to effectively use intellectual potential in the learning organizations conditions based on the use of a systematic approach.

Polarization of Global Leadership: An Analysis of the Three Factions of Leadership Power in Modern Leadership Theory

The purpose of this article is to explain various global developments, especially those related to leadership polarization issues in the superpower countries. Global leadership is not only seen from the perspective of which country and who is elected as its leader, but what is more essential is the extent to which the leadership holds resources in general to be used as an instrument to carry out the hegemony of power. The phenomenon of polarization global leadership: an analysis of the three factions of the leadership strength in leadership theory modern, empirically categorized as one of the important issues because it relates to the harmony of living together with all human beings on this planet. Leadership based on egoism wrapped in style and authoriterm type will certainly bring havoc to mankind. This article was compiled from a research process on various literatures, the process of collecting literature up to the preparation of this article was approximately three months, namely from August to October 2020. Theoretically, several main points and the findings of this article were obtained, that leadership polarization Globally is actually in the control of three factions, including (1) rational superiority leadership power faction, (2) intellectual superiority leadership power faction, (3) physical and spiritual superiority leadership power faction, with three models, namely: (a) Western-style leadership, (b) Eastern-style leadership, and (c) Islamic leadership. However, in the form of the factions and leadership styles above, it is closely related to the ability of a country to play its role in controlling economic, political and social resources. To obtain such advantages, in practice it is not uncommon for a country to first require to build a superiority in the field of defense and security with state-of-the-art weapons.

‘My registered nurse’: Older people’s experiences of registered nurses’ leadership close to them in community home care in Sweden

To explore older people's experiences of registered nurses' leadership close to them in community home care. In Sweden and throughout the world, the number of people 65years and older is increasing. While older people are living for more years, living longer can bring more diseases and disabilities, which might lead to the need for home care. Registered nurses are responsible for older people's care needs in their leadership in community home care; this is a part of their professional role as registered nurses, and it implies that they must be multi-artists. An explorative and inductive design was used in two communities in western Sweden. Individual interviews were conducted with older people (n=12) with at least one year of experience with community home care. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results are presented in the theme 'my registered nurse', including five categories - relationship, professional competence, nursing interventions, coordination and collaboration and organisation - and 15sub-categories. These findings are based on older people's own experiences. This is specific, as the phenomenon of the RNs leadership is rarely explored from the perspective of older people. There is a need for organisations to create more opportunities for older people to have their own registered nurses leading close to them. This is because registered nurses have specific competences for meeting older people's individual needs and involving them as competent partners in satisfying their care needs.

Developing leadership skills through mountain activities

The leadership phenomenon is probably the most studied social process known to behavioural science. Researchers believe that leadership plays a crucial role in organisations and has a direct influence on processes and their outcomes. This paper presents a critical analysis of the leadership literature. Leadership is a multilateral action by which an individual influences others to accomplish a mission, duties or objectives and guides the organisation through a method that makes it more coherent and cohesive. The mountain leader must be recognised and qualified to lead, teach, support and train clients (against payment or voluntarily) in all mountain areas of the world, regardless of season and altitude, up to the limit of permanent snow (glaciers). The leader must be honest and realistic in the relationship with themselves and find out who they are, how much they know and what they are able to do; followers (not the leader) decide whether a leader is successful. Leadership skills are important for career advancement. The current research is focused on the development of leadership skills. At the same time, ten members of a group that used to practise mountain activities on a regular basis were asked the following question: “What do you expect from a leader?”. Their responses are presented in this paper, highlighting the various skills required for a leader.

Idiosyncrasy in Foreign Policy Decision Making Situational: Analysis of Trump and Biden Approaches towards South Asia

This paper explores the leadership phenomenon in making foreign policy and in the decision-making process that how does it affect other states. By using leadership theories and idiosyncratic factors which include perceptions of leaders, historical experiences, and ideological orientations all affect the US foreign policy along with it the dynamic geopolitical environment also matters in this regard. The study further argues that how the high-risk situations involve the leader in eliminating obstacles, for example, post 9/11 terrorism climax, Modi recent moves in the region and Trump reaction towards them and as an Asian power what strategies he adopted vis-à-vis Pakistan. In such expected worrisome times this article furthermore highlights the comparative courage, and overview of their approaches that might help in understanding the authoritarian and paternal styles, traits of leadership as an individual.

Medical leadership in transformation: new ideas and practices at a crossroads in social sciences

Medical leadership in transformation: new ideas and practices at a crossroads in social sciences This BMJ Leader special section comprises four distinct contributions presented during a healthcare division panel symposium...

(Nie)rozumienie zjawiska przywództwa w przestrzeni edukacyjnej

In the contemporary and dynamic educational reality, also known as socialization, a young person (or is it just a young one [sic!]) in a process of gaining experience, instead of understanding the environment better with time, gets lost, has problems with self-determination, struggles between the important and the irrelevant, the desired and the redundant, good and harmful. The wisdom and educational experience, the educational process and recognized educational influences should become helpful. The pragmatism of the theory of cognition often allows for conclusions and reflections on every process of scientific cognition. In the area of axiology, it may constitute a “pillar of pedagogical initiation”. In view of the holistic format of the majority of educational phenomena, the subject as a balanced dialogue and consistent in the autonomy of leadership (especially educational!) fits perfectly well the latest theories and trends of modern pedagogical, psychological and social knowledge as well as theories of inter-/intrapersonal management. The above indications are the basis for a wise leadership in education and an upbringing in leadership. Knowledge of leadership issues, understood as the process of socialization, may wisely support and strengthen educational influences. Otherwise, by unwise influences, from the pedagogical point of view, something can be irretrievably lost and wasted. To understand the phenomenon of leadership, you must first thoroughly analyze the issue of leadership in groups, trying to show relationships with other people in the process. This is vital due to the frequent confusion of the concepts of leadership and management, or leadership and command. Leadership is often recognized via its chief attribute by e.g. persistence of community, debates, personalization of tasks and actions, bonds of belonging, dynamisms of interpersonal relations (atmosphere and culture in task situations) and roles as an axiom of task decision-making.

ДІАГНОСТИКА ВИХІДНОГО РІВНЯ СФОРМОВАНОСТІ ЛІДЕРСЬКОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ МАРКЕТОЛОГІВ

In this article the pilot stage of the experiment aimed at future marketologist leadership competence formation in the process of interdisciplinary training is characterized. The experiment involved 352 students (control group – 178 individuals, experimental group – 174 individuals), 18 individuals – university research and educational staff training students majoring in 075 “Marketing” at Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, and the Alfred Nobel University (Dnipro) as well as 15 DSAU graduates currently holding marketologist position. Quantitative and qualitative composition of the participants of the experiment was determined and stated, division of the graduates into the experimental (EG) and control (CG) groups was proved to be equal and equidistant. Criteria (motivational, cognitive, activity and personality) and indicators for the assessment of leadership competence level of future marketologists according to its structure were developed and described, diagnostic methods revealed, identified and the levels of competence formation (high, sufficient, low) described. Assessment is based on the technique developed by B. Goloveshko. The results of the levels of competence components are presented in the form of comparative tables, with the results in the control and experimental groups compared with those obtained when questioning professionals – university graduates. It was found that approximately the same number of students have sufficient (EG – 51,7%, KG –52,9%) and low (EG – 36,9%, KG –35,3%) levels of leadership competence development indicators for all components, only a small number of students showed high level (EG – 10,02%, KG –11,8%). Motivational criterion characterizes motives, needs, emotions and values of the practitioner that determines success and efficiency of future marketologist’s activity as a leader. Cognitive criterion is defined by the completeness and maturity of the knowledge that a student needs to be a leader in his future professional activity, theoretical general scientific, social, pedagogical and psychological knowledge about the phenomenon of leadership, leadership styles, knowledge about the risks of effective leaders, the functions they perform, understanding of the image of a successful leader, knowledge of the differences between formal and informal leadership, conditions for the formation of an effective team and the peculiarities of organising activities. The activity criterion is the level of mastery of the actions and behaviour that meet the vision of the leader and use of his knowledge and skills in practice. It can be defined as a level of formation of traits and attributes necessary for successful implementation of the activity of a marketologist as a leader, as well as emotional intelligence, reflexivity and empathy. The author also identifies the criteria for the future pedagogical technology.