Inflation Phenomenon Research Articles

Stellar expansion or inflation?

While stellar expansion after core-hydrogen exhaustion related to thermal imbalance has been documented for decades, the physical phenomenon of stellar inflation that occurs close to the Eddington limit has only come to the fore in recent years. We aim to elucidate the differences between these physical mechanisms for stellar radius enlargement, especially given that additional terms such as `bloated' and `puffed-up' stars have been introduced in the recent massive star literature. We employ single and binary star MESA structure and evolution models for constant mass, as well as models allowing the mass to change due to winds or binary interaction. We find cases that were previously attributed to stellar inflation in fact to be due to stellar expansion. We also highlight that while the opposite effect of expansion is contraction, the removal of an inflated zone should not be referred to as contraction but rather deflation as the star is still in thermal balance.

Cybersecurity strategies for protecting big data in business intelligence systems: Implication for operational efficiency and profitability

The alarming increase in consumers goods and services with concurrent devaluations of naira have necessitated the need to examine the effects of NUSX(Nigerian naira/1 US dollar), NFX (Nigerian naira/1 France franc) and NCX (Nigerian naira/1 Chinese yuan) rates on inflation(measured by CPI) and its volatility in Nigeria using data sets spanning from 2008 to 2022. The auxiliary autoregressive AAR(3) order of integration test specify that all the variables are stationary at first difference. Adopting multiple regression model with least square method of estimation and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH(1, 1)) as measure of volatility, the results indicate that NCX (Nigerian naira/1 Chinese yuan), NFX (Nigerian naira/1 France franc) and NUSX(Nigerian naira/1 US dollar) have no influence on both inflation and its volatility in Nigeria. This implies that variation in exchange rates system is not sufficient to explain the sudden increase in the prices of goods and services in Nigeria. Therefore, the government should look beyond exchange rates in finding solution to rising inflation phenomenon in Nigeria’s economic space.

Public debt and Poland's financial security

In an era of rapidly advancing indebtedness in many countries of the world, issues of public debt and its impact on the financial security of the state have been, are and will continue to be topical. The phenomena of inflation, stagnation and sometimes recession, which are the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine, affect many EU Member States, making the issue of excessive budget deficits and the growing risk of insolvency the focus of public attention once again. In this context, it is worth taking a look at the legal solutions and practices in Poland in order to have a view on this issue. Instruments and solutions that may contribute to the reduction of public debt, which would facilitate the shaping of Poland's financial security, deserve particular attention.

MENGHADAPI INFLASI: STRATEGI PENGENDALIAN DAN DAMPAK TERHADAP EKONOMI DAN KESEJAHTERAAN RAKYAT

: In the last decade, inflation has become one of the main challenges faced by many countries, including Indonesia, which has an impact on economic stability and people’s welfare. Research Phenomenon: Inflation, defined as a general and sustained increase in prices, often erodes people’s purchasing power and causes economic instability, which in turn affects people’s overall welfare. This research problem focuses on how to identify effective inflation control strategies and understand their impact on the economy and people’s welfare. The aim of this research is to explore and analyze various inflation control strategies that have been implemented in Indonesia and to assess the implementation and effectiveness of these strategies in stabilizing prices and minimizing negative impacts on the economy and people’s welfare. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. This approach was chosen to gain an in-depth understanding of the complexity of the inflation phenomenon, the control strategies that have been implemented, as well as society’s perceptions and responses to these strategies. The research results show that although there are various efforts to control inflation, such as tight monetary policy and controlling prices of basic commodities, there are still challenges in implementation, including coordination between institutions and market response. Another important finding is that the success of controlling inflation is not only measured by price stability, but also by society’s ability to maintain their welfare. This study proposes that an effective inflation control strategy must be accompanied by supportive social policies, such as social assistance for low-income people, to maintain people’s welfare.

The Quantity Theory of Money, Quantitative Easing and the Missing Inflation Phenomenon

Abstract Several explanations have been put forward for the observation that massive inflation has not appeared as a result of the explosive monetary growth generated by quantitative easing that was in 2008. Several plausible explanations have been put forward for this observation, but none of them can explain the huge gap between monetary inflation and price inflation. The alternative explanation presented in this paper is that monetary inflation is more reflected in stock prices than the CPI. It is demonstrated that by adjusting the CPI to reflect changes in stock prices, the gap between the trends of the money supply the CPI can be almost eliminated.

Inflation in symmergent metric-Palatini gravity

In this paper, we study the cosmological inflation phenomenon in symmergent gravity theory. Symmergent gravity is a novel framework which merges gravity and the standard model (SM) so that the gravity emerges from the matter loops and restores the broken gauge symmetries along the way. Symmergent gravity is capable of inducing the gravitational constant G and the quadratic curvature coefficient cO from the loop corrections of the matter sector in a flat space-time. In the event that all the matter fields, including the beyond the standard model (BSM) sector, are mass degenerate, the vacuum energy can be expressed in terms of G and cO . The parameter which measures the deviation from the mass degeneracy is dubbed α̂. The parameters, cO and α̂, of symmergent gravity convey the information about the fermion and boson balance in the matter (SM+BSM) sector in number and in mass, respectively. In our analysis, we have investigated the space of the symmergent parameters cO and α̂ wherein they produce results that comply with the inflationary observables ns , r, and dns /d ln k.We have shown that the vacuum energy together with the quadratic curvature term arising in the symmergent gravity prescription are capable of inflating the universe provided that the quadratic curvature coefficient cO is negative (which corresponds to fermion dominance in number in the matter sector) and the deviation from the mass degeneracy in the matter sector is minute for both boson mass dominance and fermion mass dominance cases.

THE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN RIGHTS ‘INFLATION’ IN THE CONTEXT OF EVOLVING INTERNATIONAL REGIME OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS

Without a doubt, the concern about ‘human rights inflation’ reflects the modern world’s increasing ambition, breadth and complexity in developing the human rights regime. This rapidly expanding catalogue of rights has generated discussion about human rights proliferation, devaluation and too vast interpretation. Consequently, some critics perceive new generations of human rights as less relevant, which ultimately is supposed to alter their purpose, legitimacy, and effectiveness. This article seeks to disentangle the inflation objection from other concerns about rights expansionism and to critically assess it. Therefore, it will both analyze the phenomenon of rights inflation as well as evaluate its scope of implication based on the progressive development of women’s rights in the domain of gender-based violence and conflict-related sexual violence. The article will also analyze examples of possible regresses of women’s rights in the topic of reproductive rights based on constitutional court decisions in the United States and Poland. To underline only a few examples, the most striking ones will be presented and they will relate to (i) the evolution of women’s rights invigorated by the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the interpretation of its provisions by the CEDAW Committee, (ii) the recognition of the crime of sexual violence in armed conflicts as well as a more accurate definition of the crime of rape and lastly (iii) the exponential progress of second generation rights, which include social, economic and political emancipation of women. The article will reach its conclusion by explaining the importance of generating a sense of closure in human rights interpretation through drawing strict boundaries around the corpus of ‘proper’ human rights without entitling to a suspicion of claims of too far-reaching cultural and political transformations within societal structure. Instead of calling it human rights devaluation, the author argues that it should be perceived as human rights evolution, which encompasses both a constant adjustment and reinterpretation of rights according to the rapidly changing world as well as the way people understand it.

Modern Technical Analysis of Investment Decisions in IHSG Shares in the Banking Sector in the Midst of Economic Recession Issues

This research aims to analyze the trend of IHSG share price movements in the banking sector amidst the issue of the global economic recession on investment decisions. This type of research is descriptive with a qualitative approach using secondary data. The research subjects were 4 banking issuers included in the Top 10 IHSG Fact Sheet Constituents as of September 2023 published by the IDX. The object of the research is graphic data and monthly shares price movement trends for 4 issuers from November 2022 to November 2023. This data is analyzed using a modern technical analysis approach using MACD and RSI indicators via the tradingview.com site. The research results show that in general there is an upward trend in issuers' share prices as evidenced by signals of bullish momentum on the MACD and an overbought situation on the RSI. This provides investors with initial information to make decisions about selling shares in order to obtain optimal returns. The phenomenon of inflation and high interest rates because of the emergence of the issue of economic recession in 2023 will not have a significant impact on the trend of share price movements of banking issuers.

Independensi Kebijakan Moneter dalam Jangka Pendek: Kasus Indonesia

Using Capital Flow Model and Central Bank Reaction Function for the case of Indonesia before the current crisis, this paper found that during Indonesia implemented fixed exchange rate regime the monetary policy which was done by Bank of Indonesia has lost its independence. The regression results using Two Stage Least Square method show that the monetary policy during the period before the current crisis in Indonesia was very influenced by the behavior of private capital flows. To neutralize the liquidity effects of private capital inflows as a response to deregulation packages in financial and banking sector in the late of 1980s, Bank of Indonesia has actively implemented the sterilization policies. The regression results of the Central Bank Reaction Function indicate that Bank of Indonesia could not completely sterilize the liquidity effects of private capital inflows. This situation made the monetary policy undertaken by Bank of Indonesia lost its power to stabilize inflation in the economy. The phenomenon of high inflation which followed high economic growth (overheating economy) during the period before the current crisis has significantly reduced the index of competitiveness of Indonesian goods and services in the world market. This is one of the main factors that caused slower Indonesian export growth just before the crisis began in the mid of 1997. This situation made the level of supply of foreign exchange in domestic market dropped significantly, while on the other side the demand level increased as many big corporate businesses and government institutions needed foreign exchange to repay their foreign debt. Rupiah become unstable and public expectation for further devaluation widened. This was the beginning of the current crisis that until now put Indonesia into the deep trouble. Therefore, the most important contribution of this paper is its investigation to the linkage between deregulation and the current crisis. This paper recommends that one of the main factors that generate the Indonesian current crisis has showed up far before the crisis began. It was started when the monetary policy lost its power to stabilize inflation that was caused by behavior of private capital inflows as a response to the wrong sequence of deregulation policies in Indonesia.

Exploring new subclass of k-inflation: Tachyon inflation in [formula omitted] gravity model

It is explained that any scalar field in f(R,T) gravity model could present a new subclass of the k-essence model for inflation. While the case of the quintessence has been studied, there is an empty gap required to be filled by investigating more types of field models. Here, we are aiming to partially fill the gap and concentrate on the tachyon field. In this study, we explore the phenomenon of tachyon inflation in the context of the alternative gravity theory f(R,T)=R+ηT. By applying slow-roll approximations, we examine the model in detail for three different potentials: power-law, generalized T-mode, and inverse hyperbolic cosh. Using observational data and Python coding, we determine a range of values for the model’s free parameters that allow it to fit the data perfectly. In essence, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of tachyon inflation in the R+ηT gravity theory, offering new insights into this alternative framework and its potential to explain tachyon inflation.

The impact of the reciprocal relationship of the general budget and the net trade balance on inflation in the Iraqi economy using the (SVAR) model for the period (2004-2020)

The aim of the research is to understant the nature of the reciprocal relationship that exists in Iraq between the public budget and the trade balance. This understanding can be attained by monitoring their impacts on overall supply and demand as well as how these variables are mirrored in the inflation phenomenon. Along with measuring and analyzing the causal relationship's direction, the research also examines the impact of Iraq's general budget deficit and trade balance on the country's overall level of prices from 2004 to 2020.The annual data was used from its official sources. The study assumed that the deficit in the Iraqi economy is a double deficit and it is directed from the trade balance towards the public budget, causing inflation, due to the nominal financial wealth that we possess, since the economy is rentier. The study used the analytical descriptive approach in the theoretical side as well as the quantitative approach in the applied side with the use of the structural autoregressive vector (SVAR) model. The study concluded that there is a causal relationship between the net public budget and the net trade balance. The impact of net shocks on inflation from the public budget is relatively weak.. As for the net trade balance variable, its contribution to changes in the inflation rate was large as a result of the weakness of the local productive sectors and the heavy dependence on imports from abroad to meet local demand.

Using Linear and ARIMA Model to Exanimate and Forecast the Grade Inflation Phenomenon in the University of Wisconsin-Madison

Nowadays, in US universities, A stands for average, B stands for below average, and C stands for choose another major, but B used to be appreciated, and A used to be attainable only to those that are either hardworking or talented, or both. To investigate the ongoing increase of average GPA since decades ago of US universities, this paper utilizes linear and ARIMA model to forecast future average GPA of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. This paper then successfully examines the existence of grade inflation in the University of Wisconsin-Madison and concludes that at least in the near future of 5 years, the average GPA will continue to grow. After considering results of former researchers, this paper provides three possible solutions to mitigate grade inflation: an increase in exam difficulty, a revised SETs system, and a fixed distribution of grades. Hopefully this paper will contribute to stop grades from losing its value and university transforming from the place to learn to the place to get a degree.

USING OF (IFRS13) ACCOUNTING THE FAIR VALUE OF THE MERGED COMPANIES- APPLIED STUDY

Through this research, the researcher seeks to use the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS13) fair value accounting on the financial assets of the merged companies before and after the merger, and then demonstrate its use on the financial assets before and after the merger, applied research in the International Islamic Bank (joint stock company) i.e. merger The International Islamic Bank with the First Capital Islamic Bank). To find out the use of the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS13) fair value accounting for financial assets, the detailed financial statements of the merged companies represented by the International Islamic Bank (a joint stock company) were used. The problem of the research was the existence of the phenomenon of inflation, which led to a reconsideration of the use of the historical cost method and the search for an accounting alternative for measurement that reflects the price changes realistically for the different market conditions, which generated the need for the merged companies to use an alternative to the historical cost basis based on the International Financial Reporting Standard for fair value ( IFSR13) as a value that reflects the values of the market elements at the time of preparing the financial statements that meet the needs of the many parties used for this data. The importance of the research using fair value accounting in the accounting application and the extent to which the community of the merging companies and their dealers of investors, auditors and clients benefit from the activities of the merging companies. Through this study, a number of conclusions were reached, the most important of which is the use of the international standard (IFSR13) fair value accounting for the merged companies, which leads to the preparation of financial statements that honestly and fairly express the result of the activity and the different results of the financial position, which is reflected in rational decision-making, and the increase in the amount of financial assets as a result Merger and the use of criterion measurements by measuring financial assets based on the declared prices in the market, and the researcher recommends to the management of the merging companies in Iraq to use the standard (IFSR13) in order to provide appropriate information for users of the financial statements for the purpose of making economic decisions that reflect the economic reality.

Deep Equal Risk Pricing of Financial Derivatives with Non-Translation Invariant Risk Measures

The objective is to study the use of non-translation invariant risk measures within the equal risk pricing (ERP) methodology for the valuation of financial derivatives. The ability to move beyond the class of convex risk measures considered in several prior studies provides more flexibility within the pricing scheme. In particular, suitable choices for the risk measure embedded in the ERP framework, such as the semi-mean-square-error (SMSE), are shown herein to alleviate the price inflation phenomenon observed under the tail value at risk-based ERP as documented in previous work. The numerical implementation of non-translation invariant ERP is performed through deep reinforcement learning, where a slight modification is applied to the conventional deep hedging training algorithm so as to enable obtaining a price through a single training run for the two neural networks associated with the respective long and short hedging strategies. The accuracy of the neural network training procedure is shown in simulation experiments not to be materially impacted by such modification of the training algorithm.

Неконвенційна інфляція та антиінфляційне партнерство

Introduction. In the last decade, the global economy has seen an intensification of inflation trends, the nature of which goes beyond the standard duality of demand-driven and cost-driven inflation. This puts the significant limitations on the performance of conventional anti-inflationary tools and pushes to active studying of the given phenomenon. Problem Statement The task becomes relevant to specify the institutional changes, necessary to overcome the structural disproportions, responsible for the inflationary trends in modern economy. Purpose. To specify the factors of price growth of non-monetary nature, and to determine the ways to overcome their impact based on the institutional modernization of the national economy. Methods. General scientific and special methods have been used, such as: analysis, synthesis, induction, method of theoretical generalization, deduction, transition from abstract to concrete. Results. The specific features of unconventional inflation have been determined as having the institutional nature. Based on the study of modern anti-inflationary strategies of developed countries, the need has been proven to recover the institutional framework of monetary transmission based on the implementation of wider scope of public policy tools. The effectiveness of partner actions facing unconventional inflations has been proven. The main features of anti-inflationary partnership have been determined. The direction of actions has been prescribed for main partners: the National Bank, commercial banks, the government, business, local self-governance, bodies , ordinary people. Conclusions. The phenomenon of unconventional inflation, that has become globally widespread in recent years, necessitates significant widening the range of the tools of anti-inflationary policy, and the involvement of a comprehensive range of stakeholders, capable to mitigate the impact of inflation drivers. Their partner interaction according to the defined priority directions can ensure the synergy in the impact on the unconventional inflation factors due to strengthening the adaptive capacity to institutionally determined changes in assets’ prices.

SOCIAL INFLATION IN MTPL INSURANCE

The insurance industry is facing the negative effects of inflation in the post-pandemic period. In addition to economic inflation, the insurance industry also faces the phenomenon of social inflation, i.e. abnormal growth of claims caused by various social factors. In this paper, we examine whether insurance companies in the Balkans face social inflation. We analyze the growth rate of motor third-party liability insurance claims in 11 countries of the region for the period 2011-2020, including a more detailed analysis of the insurance market in the Republic of North Macedonia. The results show that there is no systematic existence of social inflation, but occasional abnormal shifts are noticeable for certain countries in the region, especially EU countries, i.e. certain companies in the Republic of North Macedonia. In addition, we find that social inflation occurs in countries with a higher rule of law index, indicating that low institutional development and low trust in institutions potentially prevent the development of social inflation. The paper contributes to the current literature by analyzing the problem in an international context and in a new region, as well as producing recommendations for policy makers.

Norm inflation and ill-posedness for the Fornberg–Whitham equation

In this paper, we prove that the Cauchy problem for the Fornberg–Whitham equation is not locally well-posed in Bp,rs(R) with (s,p,r)∈(1,1+1p)×[2,∞)×[1,∞] or (s,p,r)∈{1}×[2,∞)×[1,2] by showing norm inflation phenomena of the solution for some special initial data.

Monetary Inflation In Iraq

It is commonly known that the monetary inflation problem or phenomenon represents a serious economic illness which has been affecting most economies of the countries around the world including rich and advanced countries whose losses varied remarkably. The inflation phenomenon has become of interest to economists throughout the world. There is a controversy on a wide scale over the reasons for such a phenomenon and its economic impacts on the economic regime.

POJMOVNE METAFORE U ITALIJANSKOM I SRPSKOM JEZIKU EKONOMIJE NA PRIMERU CILJNOG DOMENA INFLACIJA

Acknowledging the conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff, Johnson 1980, Lakoff 1992) and the fact that throughout history metaphors have been omnipresent in explaining and under- standing economic concepts (Kövecses 2002, Sosnowski 2006), this paper reveals, analyses, and compares Serbian and Italian linguistic metaphors used in journalistic economic jargon for creating conceptual metaphors whose target domain is the lexeme INFLATION. The cor- pus of texts was taken from the Italian daily la Repubblica and the Serbian newspaper Politika in the period between March and June 2022. This period coincided with the outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian conflict, which caused the global economic crisis. In this way, we justify the choice and the supposition that the target domain lexeme will be highly frequent in texts about the economies of the two countries. The paper aims to find similarities and differences between the Italian and Serbian language metaphors, as well as to reveal similarities or differences in conceptual, collective, and empiri- cal thinking, as well as the comprehension of the inflation phenomenon by these two nations, while using the methods of qualitative and contrastive analysis. The results confirm the presence of metaphorical expressions in both languages within all conceptual metaphors emphasised by many authors in their papers to date, mainly in English, as well as a high level of coincidence in the selection of lexemes and the source domain expressions. The findings of this research lead to the conclusion that Serbian and Italian speakers share similar, or identical, empirical and con- ceptual understanding, but also the collective feeling about the concept of inflation.

KONSEP INFLASI : PERBANDINGAN PEMIKIRAN IBNU KHALDUN DAN AL MAQRIZI SERTA IMPLIKASINYA DI INDONESIA

Inflation is a problem in the economic system that has occurred repeatedly from the beginning of the development of human civilization. Since people started using money to trade goods and services, inflation has remained constant. On the other hand, the inflation rate is also used as a macroeconomic analysis of a country/region, such as economic growth, external balance, and income distribution. Conditions of high inflation, if not handled thoughtfully and appropriately, will cause economic depression. However, in the Islamic world, there are scholars, namely, Ibn Khaldun and Al-Maqrizi. These two Muslim thinkers provide an overview of the phenomenon of inflation since the 14th century AD. This research seeks to find the slices of Ibn Khaldun and Al-Maqrizi's thoughts about the causes of inflation and to offer solutions to the phenomenon of inflation that occurs. We chose the literature study research to explore the thoughts of Ibn Khaldun and Al-Marqizi in classic books and several primary sources that discuss the thoughts of the two and compare them with the concept and conditions of inflation in Indonesia through the official websites of BPS and Bank Indonesia. The study found that a country's weak administrative system and corrupt mentality cause inflation. To overcome inflation, improving the two causes of inflation above is the solution offered by these two experts.