Phenomenon Of Human Trafficking Research Articles

A scoping analysis of collaborative governance in preventing and dealing with the crime of human trafficking in Indonesia

The present study analyzed the extant literature about the phenomenon of human trafficking in Indonesia. The Scope Analysis examined scholarly journals and publications from 2012 to 2020. We obtained databases from internationally recognized journals such as Scopus and Web of Science. We restricted the time frame based on the available evidence at that moment. The methodology employed in this study involved the identification, collection, and organization of peer evaluations that were published with pertinent details or by delineating the fundamental concepts that constitute the domain of a research investigation concerning chronology, location (nation or setting), source (literature review), and provenance. The findings of the analysis indicated the existence of articles that delved into the circumstances and current state of persons who fell victim to human trafficking, specifically from Indonesia to different regions throughout the globe. The analysis approach was utilized in this study, following the methodological parameters outlined by Arksey and O’Malley in 2005. Moreover, it is anticipated that the Scoping Analysis will generate policy recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers seeking to combat and address the illicit trafficking of individuals in Indonesia.

Perdagangan Manusia Lintas Negara di indonesia

Human trafficking is a very serious problem in Indonesia even though the country has endorsed and disciplined the National Action Plan and to form a notion of duty to stop this crime. The phenomenon of human trafficking has become a social fact besides the economic crisis and natural disasters. The low level of education, the limited employment, free relations and acts of harmony in a family are some of the factors causing human trade. Because human trafficking involves an international criminal network, with the participation of all stakeholders through a systematic approach and strengthening the network is a must in preventing and eradicating this. In providing granting legal protection to victims of trafficking in persons, especially restitution issues have been regulated in Article 48 to Article 50 of Law Number 21 Year 2007, also regulated in Article 35 of Law Number 26 of 2000 concerning the Human Rights Court regulates the protection of human rights for human welfare. According to the 1999 Law on Human Rights, as stated in Article 1 states that human rights (HAM) is a set of rights inherent in the nature and existence of humans as almighty gods and is a gift that must be respected, highly respected, and protected by the state, law, government, and everyone for the sake of honor and protection of human dignity.

The Linkage Between Human Trafficking and Migration: Identification of Victims

Trafficking in human beings, as a modern form of slavery, severely violates people’s fundamental rights and dignity. The victims of human trafficking are being subjected to exploitation as a result of violence or the threat of it, fraud, or lack of awareness of their rights. Migrants are especially vulnerable to trafficking, and among them are especially those with certain socioeconomic issues or in need of international protection. Considering the socio-economic, humanitarian, and documentation problems of the aforementioned group and the probability of illegal movements and presence in the territory of certain countries, they are more vulnerable to trafficking. The current article seeks to analyze the correlation between migration and the phenomenon of human trafficking, as well as analyze the minimum necessary steps that the state authorities, particularly, those operating in the field of migration need to implement. Those activities should be aimed at ensuring effective combat against the trafficking in human beings by detecting and referring the relevant cases in the frame of migration to the competent authorities.

Four Strategies for Human Trafficking Research

To comprehend and frame our understanding of human trafficking, four distinct but sometimes overlapping strategies are typically used by stakeholders, wittingly or not, to understand its nature and scope: criminal justice, public health, human rights, and economic analysis. In the United States, research on the phenomenon of human trafficking is growing apace with increased public interest. Human trafficking is now widely recognized by advocates, law enforcement, and researchers as a complex and multi-faceted phenomenon that merits study. The negative impact of trafficking on its victims is profound and can be overwhelming for anyone seeking to intervene or learn more about its dynamics.

Reintegrasi Sosial Perempuan Korban Perdagangan Manusia Di LKS Sakura Al Jamaan Bogor

The phenomenon of human trafficking in Indonesia has become a serious problem. The majority of victims who are targeted for human trafficking in Indonesia are women with the aim of being employed as laborers or for sexual exploitation. Women are still considered weak by some in society, making them a vulnerable group to become victims of human trafficking. With the increasing number of cases of human trafficking, the Ministry of Social Affairs, the Ministry of PPPA, the Ministry of Health, and the Indonesian National Police are partnering with LKS Sakura Al Jamaan Bogor in an effort to provide services for women victims of human trafficking. The stages that are carried out after the service delivery is considered complete are social reintegration. This study discusses a thorough understanding of the social reintegration of victims of human trafficking at LKS Sakura Al Jamaan Bogor. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods to provide a thorough understanding of the topics discussed. The results of the study show that the implementation of social reintegration at LKS Sakura Al Jamaan Bogor adheres to the SOP of Permen PP and PA Number 8 of 2021, there are differences in the implementation of social reintegration during and before the pandemic, certain stages of implementing social reintegration, and there are opportunities and obstacles to implementing social reintegration at LKS Sakura Al Jamaan Bogor.

Reintegrasi Sosial Perempuan Korban Perdagangan Manusia Di LKS Sakura Al Jamaan Bogor

The phenomenon of human trafficking in Indonesia has become a serious problem. The majority of victims who are targeted for human trafficking in Indonesia are women with the aim of being employed as laborers or for sexual exploitation. Women are still considered weak by some in society, making them a vulnerable group to become victims of human trafficking. With the increasing number of cases of human trafficking, the Ministry of Social Affairs, the Ministry of PPPA, the Ministry of Health, and the Indonesian National Police are partnering with LKS Sakura Al Jamaan Bogor in an effort to provide services for women victims of human trafficking. The stages that are carried out after the service delivery is considered complete are social reintegration. This study discusses a thorough understanding of the social reintegration of victims of human trafficking at LKS Sakura Al Jamaan Bogor. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods to provide a thorough understanding of the topics discussed. The results of the study show that the implementation of social reintegration at LKS Sakura Al Jamaan Bogor adheres to the SOP of Permen PP and PA Number 8 of 2021, there are differences in the implementation of social reintegration during and before the pandemic, certain stages of implementing social reintegration, and there are opportunities and obstacles to implementing social reintegration at LKS Sakura Al Jamaan Bogor.

Manusia yang Dijadikan Komoditas: Fenomena Human Trafficking di Provinsi Nusa Tengggara Timur

The phenomenon of human trafficking that makes humans as a commodity of trade is something that very alarming. In recent years since 2014 to 2018 the number of human trafficking cases in East Nusa Tenggara province has increased more than in other regions in Indonesia. In 2017, East Nusa Tenggara Province was ranked first of all Provinces in Indonesia related to human trafficking cases, where from January to August there were 137 cases of human trafficking in East Nusa Tenggara Province. This fact is certainly very alarming for all the people and the East Nusa Tenggara government. This article aimed at finding out 1) reality of the human trafficking case in East Nusa Tenggara Province, 2) human trafficking factors in East Nusa Tenggara Province, and 3) a solution to overcome human trafficking in East Nusa Tenggara Province. This article used literature study method by utilizing secondary data from various relevant sources. Human trafficking in East Nusa Tenggara Province have increased from year to year, it was reported that during the period of 2015 to mid-2016 there were 1,667 female migrant workers of human trafficking victims in East Nusa Tenggara Province. Low human resources as a result of low level of education and economic problems such us poverty and high unemployment are that main causes of human trafficking in East Nusa Tenggara Province. To overcame this, it is necessary to have concrete solutions like preventive action, empowerment, and improvement of the labor system.

Assessing Global Governance in the Area of Human Trafficking Through Civil Society Participation in its Regime Complex

Human trafficking (HT) is a major international problem that states still struggle to tackle. Against this backdrop, this working paper aims at analysing the architecture of HT global governance and at suggesting ways for improvement. It, among others, gives recommendations for actors such as the European Union, which is very active in HT governance. In order to do so, the working paper focuses on the participation of civil society organisations in HT global governance, seeing them as important drivers of governance at the global level. After presenting the phenomenon of HT and its governance puzzle, a first section characterises such governance, identifying and describing the HT regime complex by using civil society participation as a proxy. A second section analyses the main actors of the regime complex. The conclusion draws recommendations and identifies paths for further research.

Implications of Human Trafficking on the Romanian Society

In order to raise awareness of the phenomenon of trafficking in human beings among different institutions (law enforcement, child protection, NGOs) and to improve the measures they can take, the article aims to identify how severe is the phenomenon of human trafficking in Romania. We also want to identify the repercussions of this phenomenon as well as to identify the solutions at political and legislative level in order to reduce or even combat this phenomenon.

Trafficking in Human Beings for Forced Labour. Contemporary Trends and Threats

The article is devoted to the issue of human trafficking in legal and criminological terms, with particular emphasis on the exploitation of victims of the crime for work or forced services. The author introduces the essence of forced labour by reaching for many of its legal definitions contained in legal acts in the rank of conventions, as well as ordinary laws. At the same time, it highlights the factors that characterize the type of work indicated and allow to distinguish it from other types of violations, including violation of employee rights. The phenomenon of human trafficking is shown through the prism of its current evaluation tendencies, both globally and regionally (European, and especially EU). To this end, the author presents statistical data collected in recent years by, inter alia, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the International Labour Organization, the International Organization for Migration and the European Commission. She emphasizes, however, that the actual scale of the aforementioned crime remains unknown. A significant part of the discussion focuses on the issue of human trafficking in modern Poland, showing the scale of the dealings in question, diagnosed in recent years by law enforcement agencies. A lot of attention is also paid to the spectrum of crime threats on the Polish labour market from the perspective of foreigners. Thus, with particular care, she considers the problem of violating the employment rights of Ukrainian citizens as the largest group of foreigners illegally employed in Poland. She also shows the legal situation in this area of the citizens of Belarus, Moldova, India and Russia. She discusses this issue in the context of activities of the National Labour Inspectorate included in the audit report for 2017. The author further scientific interest includes the issue of criminalization of human trafficking in selected countries around the world. In this respect, it refers primarily to legal regulations contained in the Latvian, Hungarian, Swiss, Finnish, Ukrainian and Liechtenstein penal codes. The author’s ambition was to present the indicated issues in a concise manner, while also taking into account its most important aspects.

THE ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT INSTITUTIONS IN PREVENTING AND COMBATING THE CRIME OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING

The subject of this study is the characteristics of Polish law enforcement authorities in the fi eld of preventing and combating the crime of traffi cking in human beings. The author points out that, based on existing legal regulations in Poland, the foremost burden related to prevention and prosecution activities of this type of crime lies within the scope of duties of the prosecutor’s offi ce, the Police, and the Border Guard. Thus, the article is devoted to a concise description of the indicated entities in terms of their legal instruments which make it possible to effectively implement the tasks and duties imposed by law and regulations upon the institutions. In the author’s assessment, the key role in the system is played by the prosecutor, who is the only authority sanctioned to make decisions on initiating the investigation and entrusting its conduct in its entirety or the indicated scope to other authorities, primarily the Police or the Border Guard. The prosecutor’s special role also results from the fact of being solely entitled to draw up and support an indictment in court in cases involving traffi cking in human beings. Nevertheless, according to the author, in practice, the main responsibility to carry out procedural and operational activities in this category of cases lies with the Police and Border Guard. The author points out that, at present, the Polish law enforcement system has appropriate instruments, both at the legal and institutional levels, ready for the effective prevention of and combat against crimes of human traffi cking. However, bearing in mind that the phenomenon of human traffi cking has, in principle, a cross-border dimension, the article highlights the aspect of international cooperation between the relevant institutions established to detect and prosecute these crimes.

Psychosocial Characteristics of Human Trafficking: A Systematic Review

The phenomenon of human trafficking is one of contemporary issue being seriously concerned. Its characteristics are repressive to human exploitation destination (individual or group)as well as a direct implication on human rights violations. Victim of trafficking has characteristics social typical for trading. The purpose of systematic review was to identify the psychosocial characteristics of human trafficking victims. Systematic search on March 12, 2019, in the data of Proquest, Springer Link, Scopus by key word Psychosocial Characteristics of Victims of Human Trafficking during 2013 -2018. The results found 13 appropriate journal that included into inclusion criteria, they were peer-reviewed journals in English, all forms of exploitation, the samples were aged >15 years old. The results based on a). Demographic data Age (adults/children), gender, marital status, education level, place of residence (urban/rural), regional trade (national/international), religion, type of work, economic conditions before trading. b) Variable of exposures (smuggling status, the process of departure, detention in camps, forgery/fraud documents, employment status, obscure country of work, type of work). c) Method of recruitment using social media (Backpage, Facebook, dating website) and invited directly by recruiters. d) Type of exploitation (household slavery, exploitation of labor, financial exploitation, sexual exploitation). e) Characteristics of the exposure (restriction of movement, drug use, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, restriction/confinement, physical violence, the background to the incident trafficking, race, home life, relationships with parents/carers/ family members, economic opportunities, the recruiters-victim relationship, trust in strangers, lack of social support), f).Psychosocial variables as the impact of trafficking (the abuse of alcohol/drugs, involved in crime and a fugitive/police targets). Required a prevention effort to group or individual who had the same characteristics, thus, they did not fall to the incidence of trafficking.

Human Trafficking – Can the German Reform Address the Complexity of the Phenomenon?

German criminal law regarding human trafficking was reformed in 2016 in order to implement European goals and objectives, for example, the effective cooperation between member states' law enforcement authorities. This article examines the problems connected with the implementation of the reforms from different perspectives. It also takes into account that the laws were also changed to close perceived gaps in the Criminal Code and to simplify the classification of any action linked to human trafficking. Thus, it will show that the phenomenon of human trafficking cannot be addressed by implementing stricter criminal laws alone, since the main causes lie in the poor living conditions of the countries of origin and the way in which modern societies consume. What is needed is a broad-based awareness, an international interconnected system and appropriate victim protection resulting in an interdisciplinary, human rights-oriented approach to fight human trafficking and exploitation.

Response to Human Trafficking in South Africa: Beyond the Criminal Justice System

This article evaluates the efforts of the South African criminal justice system in combating human trafficking. The phenomenon of human trafficking has been a resonating issue of concern to the South African State. Several women, children, and to a lesser degree men have been entrapped in the web of exploitation produced via trafficking, in the country. Steps have been taken by the State to combat the scourge by enlisting human trafficking among crimes that require an effective criminal justice response, including the enactment of an anti-trafficking law for it to be combated. But then, instead of diminishing, the menace is still on the rise. From the findings of a broader doctoral study on ‘examining human trafficking and the response of the South African criminal justice system’, using mixed-method approach, it was discovered (amongst others) that the South African criminal justice system cannot effectively combat human trafficking in the country. Specifically, the study found that the triggering factors that engendered the vulnerability and eventual exploitation of people through trafficking fall outside the scope of the justice system. Findings also indicated a strong linkage between failure of social institutions and a rise in human trafficking in the country. The study further make recommendations for an enduring approach.

A Youth Counter-Narrative on Trafficking and Smuggling from Africa to Europe

ABSTRACTThis article features the personal experiences of a young African woman victim of trafficking and smuggling from Nigeria to Italy. The aim of the article is to provide a counter-narrative on the phenomenon of human trafficking, by engaging with the youth’s lived experiences. The story forms part of a wider database of youth counter-narratives, gathered by the authors in different parts of the world (Italy, South Africa, and Ethiopia). The narrative will be discussed on the basis of four identified elements, and the reflection addresses them within the wider context of trafficking, smuggling, and human migration. The conclusion drawn is that the language of youth counter-narratives can represent a useful tool to address the complexity of social issues, in particular when they refer to lived experiences of youngsters who have been subjected to different forms of oppression and violence. It also represents a sort of liberation from cultural homogenisation, forcing the readers to engage with a “new humanism.”

HUMAN TRAFFICKING – A COMPERATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ALBANIAN LEGISLATION WITH THE ITALIAN ONE

Human Trafficking is a pervasive phenomenon which has increased in recent decades. Human Trafficking, in particular that of women, is ranked as the first three profitable businesses, after drug and weapons trafficking. Human society is familiar with the phenomenon of human trafficking and its exploitation in various forms throughout time. Given that human trafficking was spread very fast and was considered a major problem, most states quickly began to undertake immediate measures to respond to this threat. To create a contemporary penal procedural legislation which may answer the demands of the time, our drafters of the Criminal Procedural Code are set on a considerable extent in the Italian criminal procedural legislation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to achieve a critical analysis of the Albanian legislation on the phenomenon of trafficking in human beings also to compare it with the Italian penal legislation. Article visualizations:

Counter-trafficking governance in South Africa: an analysis of the role of the KwaZulu-Natal human trafficking, prostitution, pornography and brothels task team

ABSTRACTDetermining the efficacy of available counter-trafficking strategies is just as important as understanding the phenomenon of human trafficking itself. This is so if anti-trafficking practitioners wish to make in-roads in preventing and combating human trafficking in South Africa. At the heart of the matter are the ways in which counter-trafficking governance is structured in the South African context. In this article we use the KwaZulu-Natal intersectoral task team, an un-resourced agency of provincial government mandated to prevent and combat human trafficking, as a case study to analyse the ‘4P model’ of counter-trafficking favoured in South Africa. We find that while such an integrated model has great potential, issues of institutional cooperation and coordination, pervasive public official corruption and budgetary constraints hamper its current impact and efficacy. We conclude that these issues must be addressed by South African policy-makers once legislation has been promulgated.

Penal Measures and Policies Governing the Phenomenon of Human Trafficking with a Look at International Documents

Human dignity, and respect and commitment to it, is considered as one of fundamental principles of divine religions and international instruments on human rights. Benefit from valuable moral and theological virtues in order to provide of human growth and development exclusively is in the light of fundamental rights and the principle of preserving human dignity. Accordingly, today the concept of human rights and commitment to follow it in the international and national legal systems has a very important position. Rejection of all forms of exploitation humiliation and torture is one of the first underlying layer of human rights which known as negative human rights or social Don'ts. Although as the interpretation of the famous French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in the eighteenth century, human is born free but in the process of social life and adapting to social situations in different ways to be distracted from their pure nature. Countless people in the world today are subject to oppression, even are subject to varying degrees of slavery instances including humiliation and degradation and prostitution. This research attempts to analyze the irreparable consequences of this phenomenon on human society, and also to look beyond national and transnational criminal measures and policies on this phenomenon.

Global Human Trafficking Unmasked: A Feminist Rights-Based Approach

This article examines the phenomenon of human trafficking in the post-Cold War period with a view to identifying its causes and consequences and critiquing three remedial approaches: criminal, economic, and feminist rights-based. In addition, the chief strategies currently used to combat human trafficking will be critiqued from the perspective of feminist rights-based theory.

European perspective of the phenomenon of human trafficking and its transboundary nature

The topic “Trafficking of human beings” as subject to advanced studies has been chosen due to a growing interest linked with the phenomenon in question. The study introduces a legal-criminal overview of the criminal activity consisted of the recruitment, transport, transfer or reception of persons by means of force or forms of fraud for exploitation purposes. Human trafficking represents a threat for the security of member states. The trend to penetrate to all spheres of the society has obliged the European states to draft a new directive reflecting the growing concern about the phenomenon in question, by respecting human rights in accordance with the legal framework under the United Nations, International Labor Organization (ILO), Council of Europe etc. The new European priorities aim at victims’ identification, their protection and prevention of the phenomenon and more intense criminal prosecution of traffickers. With the view of fully developing this topic, the outline consists of four chapters preceded by a historical background of human trafficking. Special importance in this study, specifically in the second chapter, is attached to the assistance and protection of the victims of human trafficking. It is crucial that these victims exercise their rights effectively. Therefore, the European directives foresee assistance and support before, after and during the criminal proceeding. The third chapter refers to the relevant legal mechanisms in this field assuring the victims of trafficking legal defense, the right to information and their social, psychological and physical recovery. One of the “key” legal instruments is the Palermo Convention, which gives for the first time a detailed definition of the term of trafficking and smuggling and makes the differences between them. All legal instruments converge to one point: the consent of the human trafficking victim is not important when it is used any of the means of force, threat, coercion or fraud. Finally, apart from the conclusions of the present study, distinguished practical cases are introduced, as well as statistical data and difficulties encountered during the criminal process. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n19p316