Phenomenological Method Research Articles

신입 사회복지사의 전공역량에 대한 성찰적 평가 연구

This study aimed to examine how much major competency new social workers acquired in school education to perform their duties as social workers through self-reflection evaluation. Data collected through in-depth interviews with eight new social workers currently working at social welfare organizations were analyzed using phenomenological research methods. As a result of the analysis, a total of 158 statements, 102 re-statements, and 87 second re-statements were organized, and analyzed into 14 meaningful themes and 5 theme clusters. The 5 theme clusters are as following; ‘the fruits and limitations of university education’, ‘insufficient as an ‘expert’’, ‘expertise completed in the ‘field’’, ‘insufficiency of school education’, ‘dreaming of ‘by myself’ and ‘together’’. The results of the study were summarized as the achievements of school education as acquired specialized competencies, evaluation of social welfare expertise, and areas lacking in social welfare education. Based on these research results, the necessity of strengthening field practical education, digital technology education, efforts to secure expertise, and forming a social welfare industry community were suggested.

대학 내 이공계 학생의 액션러닝 참여 경험에 관한 현상학적 연구

The purpose of this study is to gather the experiences of engineering and science students participating in action learning within universities and to explore the factors that indicate the support they require from these experiences. To achieve this objective, the phenomenological research method proposed by Colaizzi(1978) was employed to identify the common experiences of the participants. A purposive sampling method was utilized to select six engineering and science students who engaged in action learning as research participants. Data were collected through unstructured in-depth interviews, participant observation, and a thorough literature review. The results revealed three categories, ten theme clusters, and twenty-five themes. Based on the characteristics of engineering and science students identified through their action learning experiences, their support needs encompass 'a deficiency in communication skills', 'challenges associated with selecting manufacturing companies', 'an increased necessity for persuasion and study due to the specialization of their majors', and 'a discrepancy in perceived task difficulty between instructors and students'. The role of facilitators in addressing these needs was also examined.

고위직 경찰공무원 필요역량 분석

This study aims to identify the competencies of senior police officers. Through qualitative research methods, including domestic and international literature reviews on competencies using bibliometric mapping, in-depth interviews applying phenomenological research methods, and verification of competency importance by a group of subject matter experts, the competencies of senior police officers were derived. The competencies identified are categorized into public security competencies and management competencies. Public security competencies include integrated command capabilities, risk management abilities, communication skills, analytical and evaluation abilities, and organizational planning abilities. Management competencies include strategic thinking abilities, change management capabilities, coordination and integration skills, citizen-oriented competencies, and public service ethics. The derivation of these competencies is expected to enhance the fairness of the promotion system for senior police officers and to promote a competency-based personnel system. This will contribute to increasing organizational competitiveness and improving police services for citizens.

관계외상을 경험한 대학생의 외상 후 삶에 대한 현상학적 연구

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the lives of college students have been impacted after undergoing interpersonal trauma. For this study, in-depth interviews were conducted on 7 college students above the age of 18 who had undergone continuous interpersonal trauma from early childhood. Van Manen’s hermeneutical phenomenology method was applied in order to focus on the essence of the vivid experiences and to convey the incidents as they are. This topic of interpersonal trauma was chosen after carefully reading and reflecting on the transcribed text multiple times and also referring to other works of art. As a result of this reading and reflecting, 30 sub-topics and 7 main themes were derived. The main themes include <My parents are not like real parents>, <Uncontrollable rage>, <I am pitiful because I’m withdrawn and insecure>, <I cannot trust people>, <I am alone in the world>, <Put a lot of effort into maintaining relationships>, <Trying to become a different ‘me’ from before>. These themes were a series of processes in which participants partook in order to protect and restore their relationships because they had a ‘desire for recovery’, where they wanted to escape from pain and become whole again. By understanding the meaning of these students’experience, it is meaningful to provide basic data to prepare a plan to more professionally help students who have experienced interpersonal trauma, and suggest ideas for further research.

Phenomenological Method as A Theoretical Basis of Qualitative Methods

This paper discusses the phenomenological method as a theoretical basis for qualitative research. Phenomenology, which originates from the philosophical tradition, emphasizes the importance of understanding individual subjective experiences of a particular phenomenon or event. Through this approach, researchers can deepen and understand individual meanings, perceptions, and interpretations of the reality they experience. This paper explains the basic concepts of phenomenology, contributions from leading philosophers such as Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, and Jean-Paul Sartre, and how phenomenological principles are applied in qualitative research. Apart from that, this paper also reviews the advantages and disadvantages of the phenomenological method in the context of qualitative research and provides examples of its practical application in various fields of study. It is hoped that through this paper, readers can gain a deep understanding of the relevance and significance of phenomenology in qualitative research.

Bowel preparation experiences and needs before follow-up colonoscopy in older adult postoperative colorectal cancer patients: A qualitative study.

The bowel preparation process prior to colonoscopy determines the quality of the bowel preparation, which in turn affects the quality of the colonoscopy. Colonoscopy is an essential procedure for postoperative follow-up monitoring of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Previous studies have shown that advanced age and a history of colorectal resection are both risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation. However, little attention has been paid to the bowel preparation experiences and needs of predominantly older adult postoperative CRC patients. To explore the experiences and needs of older adult postoperative CRC patients during bowel preparation for follow-up colonoscopy. Fifteen older adult postoperative CRC patients who underwent follow-up colonoscopy at a tertiary hospital in Shanghai were selected using purposive sampling from August 2023 to November 2023. The phenomenological method in qualitative research was employed to construct an interview outline and conduct semi-structured interviews with the patients. Colaizzi's seven-step analysis was utilized to organize, code, categorize, summarize, and verify the interview data. The results of this study were summarized into four themes and eight sub-themes: (1) Inadequate knowledge about bowel preparation; (2) Decreased physiological comfort during bowel preparation (gastrointestinal discomfort and sleep deprivation caused by bowel cleansing agents, and hunger caused by dietary restrictions; (3) Psychological changes during different stages of bowel preparation (pre-preparation: Fear and resistance due to previous experiences; during preparation: Irritation and helplessness caused by taking bowel cleansing agents, and post-preparation: Anxiety and worry while waiting for the colonoscopy); and (4) Needs related to bowel preparation (detailed instructions from healthcare professionals; more ideal bowel cleansing agents; and shortened waiting times for colonoscopy). Older adult postoperative CRC patients' knowledge of bowel preparation is not adequate, and they may encounter numerous difficulties and challenges during the process. Healthcare professionals should place great emphasis on providing instruction for their bowel preparation.

Experiences of family caregivers of patients with end-of-life cancer during the transition from hospital to home palliative care: a qualitative study

BackgroundThe transition of family caregivers of patients with end-of-Life cancer receiving palliative care from hospital to home is a complex and challenging process. This phase of care involves not only the physical and psychological health of the patient but also the role adaptation and emotional support of the family caregivers. To gain a deeper understanding of the various experiences and feelings during this process, we conducted a qualitative study.MethodsThis study employed a descriptive phenomenological research method. The interviews focused on the specific experiences, challenges faced, support received, and coping strategies of family caregivers of patients with end-of-life cancer during the transition from hospital to home palliative care. All data were treated with strict confidentiality, and recordings and transcriptions were made with the participants’ consent.ResultsA total of 15 family caregivers participated. Four main themes and nine sub-themes were identified: complex transition process (anxiety about uncertainty, resistance to transition), discontinuity in care (insufficient discharge guidance, lack of continuous communication mechanisms), post-discharge continuous care needs (need for home care knowledge and skills, social and emotional support, grief counselling and death education), and personal growth and gains (enhanced coping ability, increased psychological resilience).ConclusionFamily caregivers face numerous emotional, cognitive, practical, and social support challenges during the transition from hospital to home care. To improve the caregiving experience and quality of life, appropriate training and support should be provided to better meet the caregivers’ needs.

Addressing Fascism: A New Politics of Experience?

(1) Background: The rise of fascism in American and, indeed, throughout the world, prompts a question: why does fascism remain persistent in human existence? The question is one that Karl Jaspers might have asked regarding the origin and goal of history. The political description of fascism is not adequate to describe the lived experience of those drawn to it, and to assume such people to be irrational does not suffice. Rather, culture provides semiotic structure, which is phenomenologically embodied by people in a Mitwelt. (2) Results: Perhaps what is needed is not a political description of fascism but a communicological analysis that proceeds as a semiotic phenomenology of fascism as it is culturally embodied. Jaspers’ concept of evil frames fascism as colonialism turned against itself, disguised banally in such phenomena as Schadenfreude, as described by Lanigan. (3) I approach this question using a semiotic phenomenological method. (4) Conclusions: The fading colonial dominance in the form of cultural hegemony creates Laingian ontological insecurity and a desire for one’s inner fascist to identify itself in others. Addressing fascism requires new politics of experience.

Daughters and daughters-in-law providing elderly care: a qualitative study from Karachi, Pakistan

Background and contextProviding care to the elderly is an emerging area of interest due to the increase in elderly population not only in the developed world but also in low and middle income countries. In Pakistan a country with an overall population of over 200 million, the elderly population amounts to 11.3 million. Caregiving of the elderly tends to occur within the kinship motivated by sociocultural norms as well as absence of government support facilities. While quantitative literature exists in Pakistan describing the “caregiver’s burden,” an in-depth analysis into the experiences of familial caregivers is missing.MethodsThe research used qualitative methods with the aim to explore the lived experiences of 7 daughters and 3 daughters-in-law, living in Karachi, Pakistan providing care to the elderly requiring assistance in at least two tasks of daily living.ResultsFive themes were developed inductively through the phenomenological method. All participants were Muslim and belonged to the upper economic strata of the society. Findings reveal that obligations to care are dominant in kinship circles particularly among women. Participants highlighted the importance of elderly in the Pakistani society, especially due to the religious lens that considers them as blessings. Daughter caregivers spoke about caregiving of their parents as a form of role reversal, emphasizing also upon the life-long emotional bond that served as a strong motivator. On the other hand, for daughter-in-law caregivers, motivations to care also stemmed from social expectations and kinship obligations. All participants reported multiple difficulties during the caregiving experience, despite existence of paid formal help, with respect to balancing multiple role demands and the nature of caregiving that requires constant effort. Results also illustrate that despite the desire to care for the elderly within a collectivist and patrilocal society, participants experienced multiple physical and emotional effects. However, a few also reported an increase in self-mastery and self-worth.ConclusionThis study reveals that despite increasing urbanization and more women working outside the home, providing care to the elderly appears to be centered within the kinship circle. The research makes important contributions to the ageing literature in Pakistan with relevance to other South Asian contexts.

Research methods in cultural studies

Introduction: The issue of using research methods in cultural studies is a key factor in the analysis of cultural phenomena and processes. Contemporary approaches include hermeneutics, structuralism, semiotics, ethnographic, comparative, phenomenological, sociological, and psychoanalytic methods. Each of them provides unique tools for cultural research.Objective: The purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of various research methods in cultural studies and to identify their advantages and disadvantages in the conditions of modern challenges. The research methodology involves the analysis of the structural components of cultural studies and the possibility of applying variable methods for their identification.Methods: The research sample consists of a set of methods: hermeneutics, structuralism, semiotics, ethnographic, comparative, phenomenological, sociological and psychoanalytical. The article examines the practices of applying methods for the interpretation of cultural texts, the analysis of structural elements of cultural systems. Results: Results of the study emphasize the importance of the integration of interdisciplinary approaches and modern technologies to increase the effectiveness of cultural studies. The conclusions of the study indicates the need to adapt traditional methodological approaches to the conditions of globalization and cultural hybridization. Prospects for further research are aimed at the development of new methodological tools and the use of modern technologies for data collection and analysis. Special attention should be paid to international cooperation and exchange of experience between researchers for the development of global cultural knowledge.Conclusions: Research methods in cultural studies are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of cultural phenomena, but they face challenges such as subjectivity in interpretation, necessitating improved methodologies and interdisciplinary cooperation

Restructuring Non-teaching Hospitals into Teaching Hospitals in Iran: Component Change in General Hospitals

Background: The present study investigated how a general hospital is restructured in Iran when transforming from a non-teaching into a teaching hospital. Methods: This applied study was conducted based on a mixed-method design from 2020 to 2021 using a systematic search and review, document analysis, comparative and cross-sectional design, multiple voting technique, and qualitative phenomenological method. Results: The conceptual framework of the components of a hospital as a system includes inputs (governance and policy-making, goals and mission, clinical and support departments, physical space, clients, and human resources), processes (internal and external relations, key processes, type and level of services, and teaching mission systematization), and outputs (performance evaluation, internal and external customer satisfaction, human capital empowerment, organizational behavior, income-cost management, cost-effectiveness and efficiency, service quality, and legal and social responsibility). Conclusion: The findings from the present study depicted how the components of teaching and non-teaching hospitals are restructured when changing their functions. Restructuring an established organization, such as a hospital, is very challenging and requires multiple changes. This study had some implications including highlighting the need to formulate protocols for restructuring non-teaching hospitals into teaching hospitals or constructing new teaching hospitals, classifying teaching hospitals and clarifying their differences, focusing on the teaching mission in hospitals, and reviewing and updating the integration of medical education in providing health services.

Pemanfaatan Media Digital Salam TV Dalam Kegiatan Dakwah Bagi Mahasiswa di Sumatera Utara

Digital da'wah is one solution to increasing understanding of religion. This has certainly provided a new perspective in the development of the world of da'wah. The ease of accessing and obtaining information is one of the reasons for the existence of digital da'wah. However, despite the conveniences offered, it turns out there are several problems that must be faced. Not being wise in using technology often has serious consequences for its users. This research wants to find out how effective the use of digital media Salam TV is in da'wah activities to increase understanding of religion among students in North Sumatra, especially at the North Sumatra State Islamic University (UINSU). This research data comes from digital literature, such as journals, websites and online documents. The research approach uses a qualitative approach by applying the phenomenological method as a methodological basis. Data collected from various sources is then reduced and constructed into a new, more complete concept. The data analysis carried out adapted qualitative data analysis techniques. The research results show that the use of Salam TV digital media in da'wah activities must be supported by good collaboration between preachers, media and students in order to increase understanding of religion. Apart from that, it is important to have ongoing da'wah activities so that they can continue to motivate students to understand religious learning as a whole.

Social Interaction in Building Religious Tolerance in Sukabumi City Society

This study aims to determine the understanding of society, social interaction in building religious tolerance and the role of religious institutions in maintaining religious tolerance in the community of Sukabumi. This form of study is qualitative and based on fieldwork using three methods including phenomenological method, sociological method, and historical method. The results of this study found that: first, the understanding of the people of Sukabumi about tolerance reflects an attitude of respect and acceptance of religious diversity, culture, and views. They actively interact with diverse backgrounds, respect human rights, and encourage interfaith and cultural participation in community activities. This understanding creates an inclusive, harmonious, and peaceful coexistence environment, which makes Sukabumi an inspiring example in building a tolerant society. Social interaction between citizens of different religions and effective social communication have established a social contract that respects and respects religious rights. Sukabumi's achievement as the 6th tolerant city in Indonesia shows the commitment of the government and society in promoting the values of tolerance. Positive factors, such as government policies, inclusive education programs, and public awareness, contributed to this achievement. Through the iceberg models approach, researchers can understand how social interaction fosters harmony and awareness of religious diversity. Understanding and respect for religious diversity is the hallmark of Sukabumi that must be strengthened in order to be an example of harmony for a diverse Indonesia.

A Phenomenological Exploration of Pandemic Experiences Among Individuals with a History of Depression

Depressive disorders are a common psychiatric illness affecting 12% of adults worldwide. This disorder represents a major problem for the general health of society and is the third leading cause of disability worldwide. In addition, the prevalence of depression appears to have increased worldwide following the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to find out what experiences people with depression have had in the era of Corona. Methods: The present research was a qualitative study using an interpretative phenomenological method. The number of research participants was nine. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed in three stages with open, selective and central coding. Results: After reviewing and analyzing the data, five major themes, 10 secondary themes, and 19 primary themes were identified. The main themes included fear of death and illness, conscious acceptance of reality and improvement of lifestyle, the extent of communication, confusion of the social structure of the family economy and the use of coping strategies. Conclusion: The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought with it other problems such as anxiety, tension and loneliness, in addition to the impact on lifestyle, activities, habits, interests and mental health, in addition to the recurrence of the disease in depressed people.

A Phenomenological Study of Students’ Problem-Solving Skills : A View from Cultural Background

This research aims to analyze students' problem-solving skills from the perspective of their cultural background. This research used a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method. Data were collected through interviews and verification of cultural background from identity cards, and analyzed following Moustaka's method. The research findings revealed that students had three main ways of approaching problem-solving. Firstly, university students chose solutions influenced by the cultural practices they embrace. Secondly, university students selected solutions with assistance from close acquaintances while adhering to societal norms. Lastly, university students emphasized the importance of resolving issues thoroughly.

An Integrative and Interdisciplinary Assessment of Environmental, Ecological and Eco-Literacy

This study, aiming to address environmental, ecological, and eco-literacy within the paradigms of multiple intelligences or multiple literacies on a relational-contextual level and with a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, reveals a problematic situation concerning the insufficient adoption of these literacies in educational environments. The aim of this research is to contribute to the development of the above mentioned literacies, create social awareness for their widespread implementation in educational environments, and facilitate sustainable development and pedagogical well being. The study deals with a critical discourse analysis concerning the historical background of these concepts in the literature, relying on a plethora of data obtained from the literature. The methodology of the study conducted in line with this purpose includes a combination of mixed, theoretical, conceptual, documentary, phenomenological, and qualitative methods based on complementary and interdisciplinary assessments. These methodological postulates envision an integrated approach to addressing the concepts of environmental literacy, ecological literacy, and eco-literacy.

Students' Critical Thinking in Solving Numeracy Problems: A Case Study of Students with High Self-Efficacy

Critical thinking is a 21st century skill that allows students to think reflectively and reason in making decisions. Students' critical thinking influences success in solving numeracy problems. This study aims to explain the ability to think critically in solving numeracy problems with high self-efficacy. The study employed a qualitative approach and phenomenological method. Data collection involved the use of the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT), self-efficacy questionnaires, and numeracy assessments in mathematics, specifically on topics related to cubes and rectangular prisms. Data analysis comprised data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Based on GEFT and self-efficacy questionnaire results, one class V-B student with a field-dependent cognitive style and high self-efficacy was selected for further critical thinking skills assessment. Based on the results the student with a field-dependent cognitive style and high self-efficacy demonstrated notable strengths. In the process of basic clarification, the student met the indicators for analyzing arguments and formulating statements, effectively presenting their arguments. When providing reasons for decisions, the student showed the ability to consider the credibility of sources by selecting appropriate problem-solving strategies. However, she occasionally made calculation errors due to inaccuracy. In the process of concluding, the student met the indicators for making and evaluating decisions, successfully composing conclusion sentences that aligned with the problems and final answers. Students with field dependent cognitive style and high self efficacy are able to fulfill all indicators of critical thinking by using their ability to solve critical thinking problems. He excelled in verbal ability at the time of the interview by explaining the argument of the problem and the answer, but his weakness is less thorough in working so that the results obtained are less precise.

A Phenomenology of Authenticity in Prison Life: Kierkegaard and the Paradox of Freedom

This paper examines the lived experiences of selected inmates, some of whom have been released from the New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City, Philippines, focusing on how incarceration has transformed their lives. Confronted with significant mental and emotional challenges, the inmates embraced a new life of faith amid the harsh realities of prison life. The researchers used the phenomenological method to collect narratives from these inmates and employ thematic analysis. The paper identifies underlying themes emerging from these narratives and, in its final section, reflects on them through the theoretical framework of existential philosopher Søren Kierkegaard. Kierkegaard's concepts of the paradoxical nature of despair and the three stages of life—the aesthetic, the ethical, and the religious—provide a lens for understanding the inmates' spiritual transformation through religious participation. By integrating these philosophical insights, the authors deepened the understanding of how prison experiences influence spiritual change. The inmates' journeys from despair to spiritual awakening illuminate the existential dynamics of human freedom, authenticity, and community, as articulated by Kierkegaard. Their narratives provide compelling evidence that even in a setting where freedom is ostensibly curtailed, individuals can achieve a profound sense of liberation by embracing their despair and taking a leap of faith.

ACCULTURATION OF ISLAMIC CULTURE AND LOCAL CULTURE IN DRUMING TRADITION IN PANJANG REGION VILLAGE, KUCHING, SARAWAK, MALAYSIA

This article focuses on the acculturation of Islamic culture and local culture in the Bergendang tradition. The purpose of writing this article is to preserve the traditions that have been carried out by the Rantau Panjang Malay community in order to introduce them to the public. The approach and theoretical framework used in this research is the cultural anthropology approach and acculturation theory with a functional approach. Meanwhile, the methods used are ethnographic methods and phenomenological methods. From this research, it can be found that the background to the emergence of the Drumming tradition in Kampung Rantau Panjang is related to the absence of entertainment in ancient times, encouraging the people to create offerings to fill their free time and provide entertainment. In this case, previous people started the tradition of drumming by tapping on used boards and it produced different sounds and could arouse people's interest in dancing to the sound of used boards being hit. The developments and changes that have occurred have helped the Bergendang tradition continue to be in demand by every level of society. Even though some structures have changed, this traditional entertainment still maintains the elements and rules of the event. Apart from that, Islamic values ​​have become the spirit of various aspects in the implementation of the Bergendang tradition. Then, the majority of the people of Kampung Rantau Panjang responded to the implementation of the Bergendang tradition with a positive response. This can be seen from the enthusiasm of the residents when carrying out this tradition.

From Traditional-Aged Students to Teenage Fathers: A Qualitative Study of Social Challenges and Experiences of East Asian Second-Generation Teenage Fathers

This study aims to investigate East Asian second-generation teenage fathers’ stress and problems resulting from internal factors and external influences in the United States. The relationships between the changes in the teenage fathers’ family structures, social expectations, and experiences of educational and financial challenges during the pregnancy (of their partner) and into the period of their early fatherhood were examined. Based on the Interpretative phenomenological method, ten participants who had experienced stress and problems due to their characteristics as teenage fathers, particularly second-generation East Asian Americans, participated in this study. Three semi-structured interviews, one focus group activity, and one member-checking interview were used to collect in-depth lived stories. Three themes emerged: (1) Cultural characteristics: Detrimental perspectives from family members and the public, (2) Age: The hindrance of youth as a characteristic of teenage fathers, and (3) Career development: The challenges of earning a minimum salary and having an unforeseen career. The findings indicated that counseling services based on patients’ sociocultural backgrounds and practices should be considered to offer effective treatments to ethnic minorities, in this case, East Asian Americans. The results of this study can provide a map for public health researchers to use in refining sex education and sexual health promotion, and the approach can offer a blueprint for capturing the voices of other teenage parents.