Social Interaction Phenomena Research Articles

FUNCTIONS AND STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF A POSITIVE IMAGE OF A TEACHER OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The article analyzes the functions and structural components of the positive image of a teacher of higher education. The focus is on the fact that the importance of the image phenomenon in social interaction has grown rapidly in the course of social change. The importance of the human factor is growing, which allows the individual to present himself to society as an individual. That is why the problem of formation and development of the image of teachers of higher education in our time is receiving special attention. To achieve this goal, a set of interrelated and interdependent methods was used: analysis of scientific literature to substantiate the pedagogical conditions for the development of the professional image of a modern teacher of higher education; generalization, synthesis, systematization to clarify the state of the problem and theoretical interpretation of pedagogical features of a positive image. It was found that the image formed as a result of human existence in society is characterized by dynamism, flexibility, as it is able to change depending on the external conditions and requirements of its bearer. Given the fact that image is a complex socio-psychological phenomenon that can be studied from different points of view, modern science offers three main approaches to the typology of personality image: functional, contextual, comparative. It is concluded that the main functions of the image for a teacher of higher education are: interpersonal adaptation; coverage of the best personal and business qualities; concealment of negative personal characteristics, with the help of clothes, hair, makeup, refined manners to distract people from their shortcomings; overcoming age limits; function of social training.

Analysis of Textual Meaning on Lyrics of Supporter’s Chant to Support Football Players in English Premier League

The spoken language phenomenon in social interaction, like in the sports discourse domain, is always exciting but rare to be discussed. This study focuses on the textual meaning of the supporting chants to support football players sung by supporters of the English Premier League (EPL), especially from the six biggest clubs (The Big Six). It is a qualitative descriptive study using content analysis. Within the Systemic Functional Linguistic approach, this study reveals textual meaning through the analysis of Theme and Rhyme consist of the Topical Theme; Unmarked Topical Theme, and Marked Topical Theme, Textual Theme, and Interpersonal Theme. The data are clauses taken from the football player supporting-chant lyrics from the supporters of the big six clubs. The analysis results are obtained through domain, taxonomy, componential and cultural themes analysis. Six chants are analyzed by textual meaning. Topical Theme analysis shows the development of a topic in the lyrics of supporting chants. Textual Theme indicates the connecting clause from the previous. Interpersonal Theme shows the interaction and transacting socially. These themes created a smooth information flow on the chant. Besides, it brought the meaning of these lyrics delivered well to the listener.

Shyness and self-disclosure among college students: the mediating role of psychological security and its gender difference

Self-disclosure, as an important and indispensable behavioral expression in social interaction, refers to the process in which individuals voluntarily expresses their behavior, thought, and feeling when they communicate with others. More importantly, researchers have already proved that self disclosure plays an important role in academic adaptation and personality development of college students. As a very familiar phenomenon in social interaction, shyness refers to the fear, anxiety, and inhibitions in the face of novel social situations, which may hinder individuals’ pursuit of interpersonal relations and thus have a negative impact on the behavior in the process of social interaction, such as self-disclosure. In view of these, this study chooses psychological security (potential affective factor) and gender differences as the two factors to explore the internal mechanism of self disclosure among high-shy students. One thousand and twenty-five college students (290 males and 735 females) completed anonymous questionnaires regarding shyness, self-disclosure, and psychological security. Results indicated that 1) shyness was negatively related to self-disclosure; 2) psychological security mediated the association between shyness and self-disclosure; and 3) the mediating role of psychological security in the relationship between shyness and self-disclosure was not significant in the male sample but was significant in the female sample. These findings demonstrated the contribution of psychological security to the self-disclosure of shy students and provided an empirical basis for the corresponding interventions to promote college students self-disclosure.

Campur Kode dan Alih Kode pada Mahasiswa S1 Sastra Jepang Angkatan 2017/2018 Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

Code switching and code mixing is one phenomenon in social interaction. Thisphenomenon often arises in bilingual or people who speak more than two languages(multilingual). Japanese Literature Students of Universitas Ngudi Waluyo, 2017/2018 aspart of a multi-lingual society, also experienced events called code switching and codemixing. Mastery of Japanese is certainly influential on student interaction outside theclassroom. This research needs to be done to fnd out the events of code switchingand code mixing that occur. This research is based on the idea that the language usedby Japanese Literature students at Universitas Ngudi Waluyo in class of 2017/2018 ininteracting with each other outside the classroom also includes the Japanese languageas a second language, even the third language that students master. Besides that, it alsolooks at how the 2017/2018 Japanese literature students enter Japanese in interacting, asa choice of language that they think is appropriate.Keywords: code, code switching, code mixing

SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP OF MAIN CHARACTER IN ROWLING’S FANTASTIC BEAST AND WHERE TO FIND THEM

The purpose of this research was to know the social relationship through Sorokin's theory. This research was done through a film titled Fantastic Beast and Where to Find Them which was released in 2016 ago. The data was taken from the utterance of character dialogue through documentation, the process of watching, and post watches the film. The method of research used a qualitative descriptive method. The results of this study indicated that: (1.) Knowing the types of social relationships: Social interaction phenomena, non-social interaction phenomena in the film based on Sorokin’s theory, (2.) Getting 7 data about a social relationship were: three data about social interaction phenomena conceptual social interaction phenomena by a human in friendship, social interaction phenomenon by a human in ethnic, social interaction phenomenon in helping the economy, (3.) Obtained seven data also for sub-chapter cause and effect using Tsapeli's theory as it was basic theory

УЛОГА УПАДЉИВЕ ПОТРОШЊЕ У СОЦИЈАЛНОЈ ИНТЕРАКЦИЈИ И ПЕРЦЕПЦИЈИ

The subject of the paper was to examine the effect of conspicuous consumption on the perception and attitudes of young people in Novi Sad and Niš (Serbia). The paper presents the results of the experimental empirical research, aimed to investigate the role of this phenomenon in social interaction and the perception of youth. Experiment has been preceded by extensive non-experimental study with the aim to investigate the attitude of youth towards luxury goods, especially clothes. The experiment tested whether and how logos of expensive brands on the clothes affect the perception of the person wearing them. The results confirmed the existence of significant differences in thirteen of the fifteen selected features. The aim was to indicate the presence and role of conspicuous consumption in the contemporary context, as well as to point out its influence in the social interaction and perception of young people.

Do we feel the same level of guilt about the wrongdoings of close ones and distant ones? The mediating role of behavioural control.

Understanding whether and why individuals' emotional responses are different to the same behaviour performed by different others is important for understanding phenomena in social interaction. Given that there is no relevant research in Eastern culture testing such issues, the present research including two studies was conducted with Chinese samples and investigated whether Easterners experience more vicarious guilt about close ones' immoral behaviours than distant ones' immoral behaviours and the underlying mechanism of the effect. Study 1 showed that people felt more guilty when recalling close ones' misdeeds than distant ones' misdeeds. Study 2 replicated the findings of Study 1 using the scenario method and demonstrated that behavioural control partially mediated the effect of relationship closeness on vicarious guilt, that is, people reported more behavioural control over close ones' immoral behaviours, which in turn resulted in more vicarious guilt. Implications for social interaction and directions for future research are discussed.

Automated Quantification of Locomotion, Social Interaction, and Mate Preference in Drosophila Mutants

Automated tracking methods facilitate screening for and characterization of abnormal locomotion or more complex behaviors in Drosophila. We developed the Iowa Fly Locomotion and Interaction Tracker (IowaFLI Tracker), a MATLAB-based video analysis system, to identify and track multiple flies in a small arena. We report altered motor activity in the K+ and Na+ channel mutants, Hk1 and parats1, which had previously been shown to display abnormal larval locomotion. Environmental factors influencing individual behavior, such as available “social space,” were studied by using IowaFLI Tracker to simultaneously track multiple flies in the same arena. We found that crowding levels affect individual fly activity, with the total movement of individual flies attenuated around a particular density. This observation may have important implications in the design of activity chambers for studying particular kinds of social interactions. IowaFLI Tracker also directly quantifies social interactions by tracking the amount of time individuals are in proximity to one another—visualized as an “interactogram.” This feature enables the development of a “target-preference” assay to study male courtship behavior where males are presented with a choice between two immobilized, decapitated females, and their locomotion and interactions quantified. We used this assay to study the chemosensory mutants olf D (paraolf D, sbl 2) and Gr32a and their preferences towards virgin or mated females. Male olf D flies showed reduced courtship levels, with no clear preference towards either, whereas Gr32a males preferentially courted with virgin females over mated females in this assay. These initial results demonstrate that IowaFLI Tracker can be employed to explore motor coordination and social interaction phenomena in behavioral mutants of Drosophila.

Frontotemporal dementia, sociality, and identity: Comparing adult-child and caregiver-frontotemporal dementia interactions

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the prefrontal cortex, and impairs various aspects relevant to social cognition. Such impairments can emerge as a visible phenomenon in social interaction and therefore can have very real consequences for those who interact with the afflicted (Goodwin, 2003). In this article, I examine how attitudes toward FTD patients are indexed through speech features employed by their interlocutors. I focus on three different speech features typically employed by adults and directed towards subordinates or children: directives, let’s/we framed sequences, and initiation-response-evaluation sequences. These forms are used as strategies to affect and guide FTD patient behaviors, and index how FTD patients are socially constructed as ‘child-like’ and in need of assistance and guidance though not necessarily warranted. Thus, FTD patients may be subject to a diminished status as a result of their social impairments.

Theories, Boundaries, and All of the Above

Our immediate challenge in computer-mediated communication (CMC) research has to do with refinement of theories, and the most important refinement has to do with the articulation of boundary conditions. Boundary conditions stipulate the contextual conditions in which different theoretical chains-of-events are expected to occur. Boundary specifications will help us understand when one theoretical process applies, or when a different one applies, or even—and this is no easy task—precisely whencommunicatorsshiftfromonetypeofprocesstoanother.Boundariesarebeing foisted upon us by technological developments that may limit (or maybe revise) the scope of our extant theoretical frameworks. There are implicit boundaries that have alwaysbeentherebutwhichwehaveignored,misapprehended,orfailedtoinvestigate. Because we have not done a good job of articulating boundary conditions we have reached a point in the field’s development at which our summaries can appear to college students to be just as incoherent as many more established disciplines’ textbooks. We can talk about how online social interaction phenomena were accounted for in the 1980sin reference to Cause A; in the 90’s, other researchers claimed that the same phenomenon was due to Cause B’s dynamics, and they did an experiment where they did X and Y to show how B was correct and A was not; but in 2002 Him and Her argued that the phenomenon was actually due to Cause C, and their sophisticated study which isolated factor D showed that C was in fact true. We can look back across an extremely short history of research and find that at one time or another, radically different explanations have been applied, quite persuasively, to the same phenomena. Ontheonehand,thiscouldbehealthyprogress.Scientificadvancementshouldbe cumulative and new explanations should be capable of subsuming old findings. But our current state may not reflect knowing which explanation definitively prevails, or failing toexamine whether theyaddress different phenomena and needing to identify which explanation may or may not be true under different specifiable circumstances.

Bridging psychology and game theory yields interdependence theory

This commentary focuses on the parts of psychological game theory dealing with preference, as illustrated by team reasoning, and supports the conclusion that these theoretical notions do not contribute above and beyond existing theory in understanding social interaction. In particular, psychology and games are already bridged by a comprehensive, formal, and inherently psychological theory, interdependence theory (Kelley & Thibaut 1978; Kelley et al. 2003), which has been demonstrated to account for a wide variety of social interaction phenomena.

“Crime” in the lab-detecting social interaction

According to the standard economic perspective, criminal activities vary with the ‘price’ of crime, which depends on the severity of punishment and the detection probability. An alternative view claims that crime is also influenced by social interaction phenomena, such as ‘peer pressure’ or ‘neighbourhood effects’. Detecting social interaction in the field is fraught with difficulties, however. In this paper, we argue that given its extensive control possibilities, experiments are well suited to show the potential existence of social interaction effects. We present an experimental study where people can engage in ‘criminal’ activities. We find support for the importance of social interaction: On average subjects steal the more, the more others steal. This behaviour can be interpreted in terms of reciprocity.

From Cartesian towards non-Cartesian pragmatics

This paper focuses on the philosophical and methodological problems of modern cognitive science and linguistic pragmatics in the context of their interdependence and a growing convergence of goals and methods. First of all, it introduces the distinction between a Cartesian and non-Cartesian view of doing science. The traditional Cartesian paradigm associated with (1) the idea of nativism, (2) Noam Chomsky's approach to linguistics and (3) computationalism in cognitive science has to face strong opposition from non-Cartesian trends both in cognitive science and linguistic pragmatics. The Cartesian autonomous agent (speaker-hearer) is replaced by a pancontextualized cognitive agent dependent on a number of internal (mental) factors, such as pertaining to the cognitive-affective-conative system, and external ones, e.g., socio-cultural, interactional, and relational. Such an agent has to participate in ‘joint actions’, ‘collective cognition’, ‘dynamic cognition’ and be aware of a plethora of emergent phenomena in social interaction. The integrative approaches in linguistic pragmatics reveal different degrees of integration, theoretical justification, empirical corroboration and methodological advances. It has been noted that progress in such a ‘holistic pragmatics’ seems to depend on developments in cognitive science and vice versa. Finally, it has been suggested that the construction of a holistic approach to linguistic pragmatics should satisfy a number of ‘minimal requirements’ that so far have not been met. The discussion is closely related to important philosophical problems, such as (1) rationalism vs. empiricism; (2) the reductionism vs. holism dichotomies; and the debates on (3) the unity vs. diversity of science and (4) the role of context in contemporary research.

Emergence, Self-Organization, and Social Interaction: Arousal-Dependent Structure in Social Systems

these new ideas, and illustrate them using examples from several fields. Our discussion serves to introduce equivalent self-organized phenomena in social interaction. Interaction systems appear to be structured partly by virtue of such emergents. These appear under specific conditions: When cognitive buffering is inadequate relative to the levels of stress persons are subjected to, anxiety-spreading has the potential of pushing their interaction into nonlinear conditions. Arousal in these conditions produces effects on behavior arising from biological sources-indeed, behavior can come under the control of reflex patterns. When this occurs, psychological activity no longer screens off biological controls over behavior As the direct effects of biological activity spill into interaction, attachment behavior introduced into an interaction system can produce effects that are transmitted beyond dyads to produce global social patterns. These effects illustrate how strong interactions based in biological activity can produce an architecture for social systems.

Constructive processes in person cognition.

The notion of constructive memory processes is imported from research on eyewitness memory to the area of social cognition. Mere questioning about the applicability of personality attributes to a target person is shown to affect subsequent memory-based judgements of that person. These constructive influences are to be distinguished, conceptually, from the global notion of priming effects. In Expt 1, the target person was first described as an extravert; afterwards, subjects had to indicate whether either desirable aspects of extraversion (self-confidence) or undesirable aspects (exhibitionism) apply to the target or not. Mere questioning resulted in a congruent judgment bias towards the questioned attributes that did not generalize to a global halo effect. Experiment 2 replicated the basic finding and demonstrated that this phenomenon is independent of a generation effect (i.e. the memory advantage of self-generated inferences). These results are interpreted in terms of (a) a reframing of the categorical distribution representing the information about the target person in memory and (b) a regressive tendency to assume intermediate default values rather than extreme values for questioned attributes under uncertainty. Alternative explanations in terms of demand effects or a conformation bias cannot provide sufficient accounts. The relevance of constructive processes to understanding self-fulfilling prophecies and other phenomena in social interaction is discussed.

The Hard and the Soft in Interdependence: Locating Game Behavior in Semantic Space

A (non-zero-sum) chicken game served as base for exploring the semantic nature of social interdependence. Behavioral subgroups of cooperators vs competitors, and of preemptors vs victims rated impressions of Self, Other, and Experimenter on a standardized semantic differential (Ertel). Results supported (1) the basic stability and generality of the instrument when applied to social interaction phenomena, (2) its grasp of patterns of interdependence projected into semantic space, (3) the theoretical usefulness of the concept of an “affective reaction system” (Osgood) that also operates in social interdependence, transcending the rational premises of classical game theory, and (4) the methodological usefulness of extending the rating procedure to the experimenter in further illuminating the social psychology of laboratory experimentation.