Phenomena In Media Research Articles

Hashtag fitspiration: credibility screening and content analysis of Instagram fitness accounts

BackgroundFitspiration is a social media phenomenon purported to inspire viewers to lead healthier lifestyles but can result in negative psychological outcomes such as body dissatisfaction. This study aimed to develop a tool to audit Instagram fitspiration accounts and screen for content that could have potentially negative psychological effects.MethodsThis study developed and implemented an audit tool to (1) identify credible fitspiration accounts (i.e., accounts that do not portray potentially harmful or unhealthy content) and (2) describe the content of identified accounts. The most recent 15 posts of 100 leading Instagram fitspiration accounts were audited. Accounts were deemed non-credible and were excluded if they contained fewer than four fitness-related posts or portrayed nudity or inappropriate clothing, sexualisation or objectification, extreme body types, “thinspiration”, or negative messages.ResultsMany accounts contained fewer than four fitness-related posts (n = 41), sexualisation or objectification (n = 26), nudity or inappropriate clothing (n = 22), and/or extreme body types (n = 15). Three accounts failed on all four criteria, while 13, 10 and 33 failed on three, two, or one criterion, respectively. Therefore, only 41% of accounts were considered credible. Inter-rater reliability (percentage agreement and Brennan and Prediger’s coefficient κq) was high (Stage 1: 92% agreement [95% CI 87, 97], κq 0.84 [95% CI 0.73, 0.95]; Stage 2: 93% agreement [95% CI 83, 100], κq 0.85 [95% CI 0.67, 1.00]). Account holders of credible fitspiration accounts were predominantly female (59%), aged 25–34 (54%), Caucasian (62%), and from the United States (79%). Half held a qualification related to physical activity or physical health (e.g., personal trainer, physiotherapy; 54%). Most included accounts included an exercise video (93%) and example workout (76%).ConclusionWhile many popular Instagram fitspiration accounts offered credible content such as example workouts, many accounts contained sexualisation, objectification or promotion of unhealthy or unrealistic body shapes. The audit tool could be used by Instagram users to ensure the accounts they follow do not portray potentially harmful or unhealthy content. Future research could use the audit tool to identify credible fitspiration accounts and examine whether exposure to these accounts positively influences physical activity.

Media Literacy: Concept, Theoretical Explanation, and its Importance in the Digital Age

Nowadays, when the flow of fake news in traditional media and on social media platforms has increased dramatically, media literacy skills are more important than ever. Media literacy promotes the critical thinking skills that enable people to make independent choices, in particular how to evaluate and choose different information sources and channels, as well as how to interpret the news and information received through those channels. For instance, the advent of new media technologies has brought drastic and dramatic changes in the media landscape globally. Digital media advancements (Multimedia, social media, and communication technologies) have permeated the aspect of human life (social, political, economic, and cultural). The cultural practices of doing things, learning, and personal life domains receive a significant influence from digitally enhanced communities. Most scholars agree that, at its core, media literacy depends on both knowledge and skills. In particular, individuals need to acquire knowledge about key facets of the mass media phenomenon, such as media industries, media messages, media audiences, or media effects. Also, they should be able to apply this knowledge when accessing, analysing, and evaluating all kinds of media messages. The theoretical explanation of media literacy discourages the protectionist approach and recognises and acknowledges the sociocultural effect of media in our mass-mediated society. The theoretical focus of media literacy bases on three aims, first, facilitating democracy, participation, and active citizenship. Second, knowledge economy, competition and choice, and lastly, lifelong learning, cultural expression, and personal fulfilment. The current article draws on the existing literature to explore the concept of media literacy, the theoretical explanation of media literacy, and the importance of media literacy in the digital age

The mechanisms that make social media effective in building citizens’ trust on local government

PurposeFocusing on municipalities, this study aims to examine whether citizens’ engagement with local public administration activities on Facebook can have a positive effect on citizens’ trust.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from 333 citizens and resorting to structural equation modelling, a conceptual model is tested.FindingsThe results show that communicating directly with citizens through social media can enhance the citizens’ involvement in social issues and their identification with their city council. The effect of citizen engagement on trust propensity is mediated by citizens’ identification with the city council and by citizens’ involvement in social issues.Practical implicationsThe study provides a conceptual model that can be used by practitioners to improve practices that enhance citizen engagement and build trust in the local government. City councils should promote activities on social media that encourage identification and citizens’ involvement. Furthermore, the findings suggest that municipalities can increase trust by involving citizens in social issues.Originality/valueThis study contributes to a better understanding of the government social media phenomenon, highlighting and empirically testing the effect of citizen engagement on institutional trust. In doing so, a process to build citizens’ trust in their city council through social media is unpacked. The findings show that communicating directly with citizens through social media can enhance the citizens’ involvement in social issues and their identification with the city council. The important role of identification to build institutional trust is emphasized.

Electrophoretic mobility of silver nanoparticles stabilized with nonionic surfactant Ecosurf SA4: Origin of charged particles, concentration by electrophoresis and production of conductive coatings

Linear electrophoresis in silver organosols was investigated in this work. Silver nanoparticles were obtained in reverse micelles of the nonionic ethoxylated surfactant Ecosurf SA4. Electrokinetic phenomena in media with low dielectric permittivity are described for the first time for this class of surfactants. The study of the composition of this surfactant showed weakly bound chlorine. This allowed us to propose a mechanism for the stabilization of charged particles similar to the action of solvating nonpolar solvents like chloroform. This mechanism differs from that previously described for the case of both ionic and nonionic surfactants. The dependence of the electrokinetic ζ-potential of nanoparticles on the concentration of surfactant is investigated. Electrophoretic concentration with close to quantitative degree of extraction was carried out for the systems with a maximum ζ-potential value. Silver content in the concentrate is up to 1.9 mol L−1. Thermal treatment allows getting films with a silver content of up to 97% and a conductivity of up to 20 µOhm/□.

Прецедентные феномены в заголовках немецких медиа

The article is devoted to the use of precedent phenomena in the headlines of media texts. These phenomena create parallels with other texts or events, making information more accessible to a wide range of readers who may not be familiar with legal, economic, or political terminology. The research is based on the results of studying precedent as a form of intertextuality and the classification of precedent phenomena by Russian scholars. The introduction briefly presents the history of this topic. The article argues that the use of precedent phenomena in media texts not only creates necessary associations but also reflects the author's stance on thedescribed issue or phenomenon. It also highlights the emotional aspect and creates vivid associations to facilitate readers' understanding of the essence of the events being described. The study shows that authors of the informational and political publication Der Spiegel, which served as the source material for the research, prefer to use detailed and informative headlines aimed at providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of the text's content. The use of precedent phenomena in headlines is primarily aimed at engaging with a broad readership, which explains the choice of corresponding phenomena of universal and national order. These phenomena help create images and associations that are understandable to representatives of different cultural communities. Furthermore, authors of news texts in Der Spiegel adhere to journalistic ethical principles, and therefore, the headlines of the texts primarily serve communicative and informative functions, while the emotional function plays a secondary role.

Organizações produtivas: a interação homem-máquina em Black Mirror

ABSTRACT The series Black Mirror, broadcast between 2011 and 2023 on Netflix, has become a media phenomenon and its episodes have shown ways of human-computer interaction. The series’ name refers to the fact that when a screen is turned off, it becomes a black mirror that reflects the user’s image. This paper1 aims to analyze the side effects of human-computer interaction in Black Mirror’s production organizations. This research used discourse analysis, mainly from Mikhail Bakhtin’s contributions. The method consisted of three stages that relied on the collaboration of Industrial Engineering students. The research included undergraduate and postgraduate students working collectively, since this procedure integrates teaching and research and helps beginners develop a critical sense. The results indicate that in Black Mirror organizations there is a transition from the concept of human factors to cyborg factors, as well as the use of human-computer interaction to promote social control.

Проекционные образы в театре: режимы (медиа)присутствия

The article examines the phenomenon of (media)presence as a projectional embodiment of objects in theatre. The aim is to describe techniques of using projectional surfaces and devices in performances, using as material Western European productions of the 2000s and 2010s. We attempt to identify and elucidate the modes of presence through the use of projectional images in theatre. The theoretical and methodological framework employed in the article includes a set of ideas at the intersection of theatre, visual, and media studies. Such a framework makes it possible to define performance as a visual event — the act of looking, and to shift the focus from technological artifacts to the processes of mediation of presence by projectional images. We introduce the concept of “(media)presence” as relevant for a productive description of the phenomenon. (Media)presence is the effect of being in the perceptual field of objects of perception, when their physical absence is compensated for by the presence of their screen substitutes. The use of projectional technologies in theatre allows one to achieve the effect of (media)presence through mediation of “life” performances. The ways in which directors utilize projectional surfaces and devices activate several modes of performative embodiment of perceptional objects through projectional images: “absent”, “composite” and “augmented” (media)presence. The text offers a complex analysis of practices of using projectional images in contemporary theatre aimed at achieving the effect of (media)presence.

Университетские медиа как коммуникационный инструмент в период пандемии «COVID-19»

The article deals with the implementation of corporate communications of «SUSU-TV» TV and Radio Company during the lockdown. This period was associated with restrictions due to the pandemic caused by COVID-19. The analysis of the content of the work of the main departments of TV and Radio Company in the new conditions of communication strategies, caused by digital transformation and mediatization of all educational processes, is herein presented. The research presents a scientific review of established theories and approaches related to the phenomenon of corporate media and the specifics of their practical application, related to the emerging trends in the new media space. The article considers substantial and structural changes in the activities of «SUSU-TV» during the transition to new media formats, as well as the creation and implementation of projects, relevant to the pandemic period. An analysis was made of leading media projects created specifically during the lockdown period to improve the quality of information and awareness of the student audience on the hottest issues. The specific experience of the television and radio company during the pandemic is presented, and the key changes in the forms and genres of the main projects are shown. The experience of the transition to mass media resources, and the strengthening of the presence in the social network VKontakte, popular among young people, are also shown. An attempt was made to evaluate the effectiveness of the transformation in relation to the student media consumers, and to identify the peculiaritiesof reflection and involvement of the student audience. As a result, the main results of the communication activities of the TV and radio company are reflected, and the effectiveness of the selected tools of work is justified.

Impact of thermodynamic hypotheses on the calculation of the quantity of CO2 stored in a saline aquifer

The aim of this paper is to study the impact of thermodynamics models on the CO2 storage capacity of an aquifer, by using modelling and simulation of transport phenomena in porous media. The aquifer is represented here by a simplified three phase isothermal non-reacting medium composed by an inert solid phase and two binary (CO2 and H2O) fluid phases. The mathematical description is classically developed by the volume averaging method. For each phase, the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy alongside thermodynamic laws and boundary conditions are first written. They are then integrated over a representative elementary volume in order to establish the description at the local scale. In a thermodynamic point of view, two kinds of models have been implemented and compared. The first one assumes that the gas and liquid phases are ideal. On the contrary, in the second approach, non-ideal thermodynamics is taken into account by calculating an activity coefficient (γ-φ approach) for the liquid phase and a fugacity coefficient (PengRobinson approach) for the gas phase. Results show, among other things, that the amount of CO2 dissolved in the liquid phase is significantly reduced with the non-ideal approach compared to the ideal case. These results highlight the interest of considering non-ideal phases in more complex models.

Radon measure-valued solutions of unsteady filtration equations

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We study Radon measure-valued solutions of a Cauchy-Dirichlet problem in one space dimension that describes nonlinear convection-diffusion phenomena in heterogeneous media. Well-posedness results are proven, which extend those previously known for the space homogeneous case.</p>

A HYBRID FRACTIONAL-DERIVATIVE AND PERIDYNAMIC MODEL FOR WATER TRANSPORT IN UNSATURATED POROUS MEDIA

Richards’ equation is a classical differential equation describing water transport in unsaturated porous media, in which the moisture content and the soil matrix depend on the spatial derivative of hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic potential. This paper proposes a nonlocal model and the peridynamic formulation replace the temporal and spatial derivative terms. Peridynamic formulation utilizes a spatial integration to describe the path-dependency, so the fast diffusion process of water transport in unsaturated porous media can be captured, while the Caputo derivative accurately describes the sub-diffusion phenomenon caused by the fractal nature of heterogeneous media. A one-dimensional water transport problem with a constant permeability coefficient is first addressed. Convergence studies on the nonlocal parameters are carried out. The excellent agreement between the numerical and analytical solutions validates the proposed model for its accuracy and parameter stability. Subsequently, the wetting process in two porous building materials is simulated. The comparison of the numerical results with experimental observations further demonstrates the capability of the proposed model in describing water transport phenomena in unsaturated porous media.

On the way to building a theory of media education: a systemic approach

Questions regarding the construction of the theory of media education in the context of the systemic approach are considered. The extreme relevance and priority of media education in the world and in Ukraine are determined: the exponential growth of information in modern world, when information appears as a universal and fundamental category, as well as high rates of consumption of media products, extreme saturation of human society with various means of mass information, which leads to actualization spiritual and ideological component of the influence of the media on human consciousness, including with a manipulative purpose; there is a growing need to spread the science of media in the scientific and educational sphere; the incredibly high rates of development of modern technologies and expansion of media production reveal the phenomenon of " half-life of the competences of a modern specialist". Under such conditions, the development of the theory of media education is of considerable importance, which is considered in the context of such theories as critical-formative, media-needing, semiotic, cultural-aesthetic, injection, endocrine, and practical. To achieve the goal of our research, we have used the philosophical principle of the unity of light, being methodological basis for the study of media phenomena, the method of theoretical analysis of the problem field of our research, the general systems theory which made it possible to generalize and deepen some theoretical and methodological aspects of media education, to fill them with new content. In the context of the general systems theory, the authors built a model of a school as a social institution, a model of a person as a subject of psychology, the psychological structure of a personality in accordance with the general systems theory, which made it possible to carry out a systemic correlation of theories of media education and some pedagogical phenomena.

ВПЛИВ ЗАСОБІВ МАСОВОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ НА ЕЛЕКТОРАТ

The influence of the mass media (mass media) on the electorate, as well as media manipulation as a technology influencing the processes of electorate programming, is studied. The study of the mass media phenomenon through the prism of the priorities of philosophy is expressed. The concepts of «media» and mass media are analyzed. The role of mass media in the political process and elections is understood. Justified in relation to the media concept of scientists V. Hamson, U. Hamsun, J. Klapper and others, and these concepts did not lose their importance until the next time. It is proven that there are different approaches to media influence on the behavior of the electorate through mass media messages: party, registration, advertising, bibliographic. It has been established that modern technologies allow the development of various platforms for delivering a message to a reader or viewer online and offline, directly and remotely. The Internet plays a significant role in the political process, in election campaigns. Internet technologies refer to mass media that influence people and are indispensable in the electoral process. A research analysis based on the philosophical understanding of the study of the influence of mass media on electoral behavior has been carried out. Mass media form citizens’ emotions, public opinions, and actions characteristic of their target audience. Mass media covertly manipulate the consciousness of voters to create myths, the desired effect of political events, search for an enemy, planting stereotypes for the activity or passivity of the electorate’s behavior. It has been established that mass media form and influence the socialization of people in society and transform important branches of society. Thanks to the mass media, citizens learn about new achievements in the fields of science, philosophy, religion, law, economics, politics, law. In general, one part of the electorate listens to the opinion of the press during the political processes in elections, these citizens are passive, they are not interested in political programs and they do not engage in dialogues with the mass media and party candidates. The second part of voters is active and shows interest in political processes, party activities and political media messages.

Парадигамльні підстави пресознавичх досліджень

The article describes a paradigmatic model of scientific research, which consists of a system of beliefs held by scientists, concepts, theoretical models, epistemological positions, methodological techniques and axiological principles that determine the spectrum of scientific approaches to the study of media phenomena. It was found out that scientists dealing with the problems of social communications must take into account the complexity of the object of study, and the research process itself must be designed in such a way that, having defined principles, directions, clear disciplinary frameworks, a proven theoretical and methodological base, it also had the opportunity for interdisciplinary interaction to be adaptive to current problems and scientific tools. In the article, the paradigmatic meta-theoretical approach is considered as one of the effective ways of organizing a system for solving ambivalent tasks that may arise when conducting press studies. The main modern approaches to the construction of theoretical-methodological and epistemological models for the study of journalistic and socio-communication issues on an interdisciplinary, polyparadigmatic basis are analyzed, and the dominant research paradigms on the basis of which the study of mass media abroad is conducted are characterized. A number of advantages of using a paradigmatic approach in the organization of press studies and in the effective exchange and representation of acquired knowledge are outlined, in particular, adjustment of the process of studying the press, systematization of concepts, theories and methods of its study, determination of scientific standards for conducting press studies, etc. It was determined that an important task of solving problems related to the paradigmatic orientation of press studies is to conduct a meta-scientific analysis of domestic scientific works on communication studies in the future, which will allow to reveal contradictions and consistency between the basic and operational elements of research in order to find and correct the optimal model of media and press studies. Keywords: press studies, journalism studies, social communications, scientific paradigm, metatheory, metascience, mass media, press.

Social and network interaction on the Internet: to the definition of the media phenomenon

The large-scale introduction of computers into professional and everyday human activities, the formation of a global mass communication system based on the Internet and the formation of a single network space formed the basis of a modern social communication system. But at the same time, despite the long period of their development, there was no unambiguous concept denoting the phenomenon of Internet-based media, which includes means of communication, as well as the social-network interaction environment formed by them. The authors analyze four concepts used to display the media phenomenon: (1) information and communication environment, (2) social network space, (3) media space and (4) public communication space. Analysis shows that each of these concepts focuses on a specific aspect of the communications of modern society. The information and communication environment is a semi-structured set of computers and information and telecommunication technologies that allow organizing actor interactions to coordinate their activities in the storage, transmission, processing of information. A social network space is rhizome from social media, which allows users to organize online communication and produce user-generated content. Media space is a complex configuration of social media related to the production and consumption of media, the unity of which, within the framework of the information picture of the world, holds a certain social space together. The public communications space is a set of social media aimed at mainstreaming socially significant problems and discussing in the social-network space.

Обзор и сравнение особенностей МГД-волн на Солнце и в магнитосфере Земли

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves play a crucial role in the plasma processes of stellar atmospheres and planetary magnetospheres. Wave phenomena in both media are known to have similarities and unique traits typical of each system.
 MHD waves and related phenomena in magnetospheric and solar physics are studied largely independently of each other, despite the similarity in properties of these media and the common physical foundations of wave generation and propagation. A unified approach to studying MHD waves in the Sun and Earth's magnetosphere opens up prospects for further progress in these two fields.
 The review examines the current state of research into MHD waves in the Sun’s atmosphere and Earth's magnetosphere. It outlines the main features of the wave propagation media: their structure, scales, and typical parameters. We describe the main theoretical models applied to wave behavior studies; discuss their advantages and limitations; compare characteristics of MHD waves in the Sun’s atmosphere and Earth’s magnetosphere; and review observation methods and tools to obtain information on waves in various media.

Review and comparison of MHD wave characteristics at the Sun and in Earth’s magnetosphere

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves play a crucial role in the plasma processes of stellar atmospheres and planetary magnetospheres. Wave phenomena in both media are known to have similarities and unique traits typical of each system.
 MHD waves and related phenomena in magnetospheric and solar physics are studied largely independently of each other, despite the similarity in properties of these media and the common physical foundations of wave generation and propagation. A unified approach to studying MHD waves in the Sun and Earth's magnetosphere opens up prospects for further progress in these two fields.
 The review examines the current state of research into MHD waves in the Sun’s atmosphere and Earth's magnetosphere. It outlines the main features of the wave propagation media: their structure, scales, and typical parameters. We describe the main theoretical models applied to wave behavior studies; discuss their advantages and limitations; compare characteristics of MHD waves in the Sun’s atmosphere and Earth’s magnetosphere; and review observation methods and tools to obtain information on waves in various media.

A conceptual and theoretical framework for deep mediatisation

Among the processes related to network communication, the study presents the concept of deep mediatisation resulting from digitisation. In the theories related to traditional mass communication (printed press, radio, television), the nature of the process of mediation has been problematic since the 1980s, and some researchers have focused on researching the process of mediatisation instead of the media phenomenon. In this study, I explore the research traditions of mediatisation in terms of both media sociology and cultural theories. While the concept of mediatisation is used to describe traditional mass communication technologies and processes that operate in a classical, analogue way, deep mediatisation is the key word for network communication on a digital infrastructure. After highlighting the differences between traditional mediatisation and deep mediatisation, I present the theory of Couldry and Hepp, which underpins a new kind of social construction theory based on deep mediatisation in the social world.

The role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in preaching Islam at present context

Agenda-setting and representation are the media's most significant functions. The media, particularly from the West, seems to be constantly in the negative light of Islam. The fanning of Islamophobia, a type of concerted effort aimed at scaring the world of the animosity and enmity imposed by Islam, is a more recent Western media phenomenon against Islam. In response to such a striking negative portrayal of Islam, the Muslim world needs to respond. Contrary to what is commonly considered by the West, Islam means 'submission' and 'obedience' in its real nature, a religion that calls for resignation to Allah and encourages and protects the individual's peace. The primary purpose of this paper is therefore to discuss the use of a spectrum of media to disseminate information and news on the true teachings of Islam to Muslims as well as non-Muslims. The proper propagation and comprehension of Islam can be improved through the media by emphasizing the fundamental principles of Islam's teachings. IIUC Studies Vol.18, December 2021: 89-100

Comparison of an Experimental Electrolyte Wetting of a Lithium-Ion Battery Anode and Separator by a Lattice Boltzmann Simulation

The filling with electrolyte and the subsequent wetting of the electrodes is a quality-critical and time-intensive process in the manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries. The exact processes involved in the wetting are still under investigation due to their poor accessibility. The accurate replication of the wetting phenomena in porous media can be demonstrated in other research fields by lattice Boltzmann simulations. Therefore, this paper deals with the comparison of experimental wetting and the simulative investigation of the wetting processes of lithium-ion battery materials by a lattice Boltzmann simulation. Particular attention is paid to the interfaces between the battery materials. These effects are relevant for a simulation of the wetting properties at the cell level. The experimental results show a 43% faster wetting of the interface between an anode and a separator than with only an anode. Overall, the simulation results show a qualitatively successful reproduction of the experimental wetting phenomena. In addition, the steps for a more precise simulation and the development of the Digital Twin are shown. This extension enables simulations of the electrolyte wetting phenomena in manufacturing lithium-ion batteries and the quantification of the wetting times.