Phase Profile Research Articles

Analytical design framework for metasurface projection optics

Beam steering and pattern/image projection have recently emerged as promising applications for optical metasurfaces, potentially bringing significant benefits to fields such as automotive and consumer electronics. To date, designs of metasurfaces for these applications have resorted to iterative numerical optimization. In this paper, we derive analytical solutions to enable computationally efficient design of flat optics systems for optical beam steering and pattern projection. For a single-layer metasurface, we show that a quadratic phase profile yields optimal beam quality. Doublet metasurfaces offer additional control over the beam forming characteristics, and as an example, we demonstrate on-demand distortion correction following analytically derived designs.

Étendue Expansion in Holographic Near Eye Displays through Sparse Eye-box Generation Using Lens Array Eyepiece

In this paper, we present a novel method the étendue expansion of near-eye holographic displays through the generation of a sparse eye-box. Conventional holographic near-eye displays have suffered from narrow field of view or narrow eye-box due to the limited étendue supported by a spatial light modulator. We focus on the fact that these displays typically form a dense eye-box, which could be an excessive investment of the limited étendue. By rearranging the eye-box in a sparse manner, the practical étendue can be extended. With a properly designed sparse eye-box shape, it can provide the 3D holographic images and ensure continuous light entrance to the pupil. To create a sparse eye-box, we utilize a lens array as an eyepiece lens. We optimize the spatial light modulator's phase profile for the proposed system and analyze the impact of the use of the lens array eyepiece on the holographic image quality. In particular, we focus on the lens array specification of the lenslet pitch and the focal length, deriving feasible specifications based on our analysis. We experimentally demonstrate a near eye see-through display using the proposed system and verify the étendue expansion.

Intensity-induced phase in linear optics.

We identify situations where optical phase modulation can be induced by intensity variations in the linear domain. In particular, for scalar two-beam in and two-beam out spatial unitary systems (beam splitters), we find that the phase difference between the output beams can be altered by changing the intensity ratio of the input beams. Utilizing this principle, we show that in linear optics (even in a very low-intensity regime), it is possible to introduce a two-dimensional spatial phase profile by spatial intensity modulation, thus affecting the propagation and far-field distribution of the ensuing beam.

Bright-Field and Edge-Enhanced Imaging Using an Electrically Tunable Dual-Mode Metalens.

The imaging of microscopic biological samples faces numerous difficulties due to their small feature sizes and low-amplitude contrast. Metalenses have shown great promise in bioimaging as they have access to the complete complex information, which, alongside their extremely small and compact footprint and potential to integrate multiple functionalities into a single device, allow for miniaturized microscopy with exceptional features. Here, we design and experimentally realize a dual-mode metalens integrated with a liquid crystal cell that can be electrically switched between bright-field and edge-enhanced imaging on the millisecond scale. We combine the concepts of geometric and propagation phase to design the dual-mode metalens and physically encode the required phase profiles using hydrogenated amorphous silicon for operation at visible wavelengths. The two distinct metalens phase profiles include (1) a conventional hyperbolic metalens for bright-field imaging and (2) a spiral metalens with a topological charge of +1 for edge-enhanced imaging. We demonstrate the focusing and vortex generation ability of the metalens under different states of circular polarization and prove its use for biological imaging. This work proves a method for in vivo observation and monitoring of the cell response and drug screening within a compact form factor.

High-performance polarization-controlled perfect optical vortex generation via all-dielectric metasurfaces in the visible region

Metasurfaces, with superiority in integration and flexibility compared to conventional bulky optical elements, open a perspective in generating perfect optical vortex (POV). However, the generation of POV beams with simultaneous high-efficiency, multi-functionality, and broadband is still challenging. Here, we design POV generators based on highly efficient all-dielectric metasurfaces and produce POV beams in simulation in the visible region with maximum generation efficiency of 74%. Such high efficiency originates from the stimulation of the resonance modes of polarization-dependent parity in the well-designed unit cell. By superposing two sets of phase profiles, polarization-controlled POV generators are obtained. Furthermore, the POV generator exhibits broadband property due to the geometric phase independent of the incident wavelengths. Our work provides an effective approach for generating controllable POV beams, promoting the construction of integrated and multi-functional optical systems.

Photoaligned Tunable Liquid Crystal Lenses with Parabolic Phase Profile

We present a theoretical model of a cylindrical tunable liquid crystal lens based on the modulation of anchoring energy. The latter can be easily obtained using photoalignment techniques. The liquid crystal cell we propose exhibits strong anchoring at the top substrate and anchoring energy with a parabolic profile at the bottom substrate. The model describes the dependence of the focal length on the applied voltage and presents a theoretical study of the lens aberrations. The results obtained are of general relevance and can be used to optimize the performances of every type of liquid crystal lens with a parabolic profile.

Assessing the Influence of Propylthiouracil and Phenytoin on the Metabolomes of the Thyroid, Liver, and Plasma in Rats.

The thyroid hormones (THs) regulate various physiological mechanisms in mammals, such as cellular metabolism, cell structure, and membrane transport. The therapeutic drugs propylthiouracil (PTU) and phenytoin are known to induce hypothyroidism and decrease blood thyroid hormone levels. To analyze the impact of these two drugs on systemic metabolism, we focused on metabolic changes after treatment. Therefore, in a rat model, the metabolome of thyroid and liver tissue as well as from the blood plasma, after 2-week and 4-week administration of the drugs and after a following 2-week recovery phase, was investigated using targeted LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. Both drugs were tested at a low dose and a high dose. We observed decreases in THs plasma levels, and higher doses of the drugs were associated with a high decrease in TH levels. PTU administration had a more pronounced effect on TH levels than phenytoin. Both drugs had little or no influence on the metabolomes at low doses. Only PTU exhibited apparent metabolome alterations at high doses, especially concerning lipids. In plasma, acylcarnitines and triglycerides were detected at decreased levels than in the controls after 2- and 4-week exposure to the drug, while sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholines were observed at increased levels. Interestingly, in the thyroid tissue, triglycerides were observed at increased concentrations in the 2-week exposure group to PTU, which was not observed in the 4-week exposure group and in the 4-week exposure group followed by the 2-week recovery group, suggesting an adaptation by the thyroid tissue. In the liver, no metabolites were found to have significantly changed. After the recovery phase, the thyroid, liver, and plasma metabolomic profiles showed little or no differences from the controls. In conclusion, although there were significant changes observed in several plasma metabolites in PTU/Phenytoin exposure groups, this study found that only PTU exposure led to adaptation-dependent changes in thyroid metabolites but did not affect hepatic metabolites.

Differential impacts of endogenous antioxidants on clinical symptoms and cognitive function in acute and chronic schizophrenia patients.

Impaired antioxidant defense is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia; and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) are three first-line endogenous antioxidants. Various cognitive functions decline differently during schizophrenia course. The characteristic roles of the three antioxidants in clinical and cognitive profiles in acute and chronic phases of schizophrenia require study. We recruited 311 patients with schizophrenia, including 92 acutely exacerbated patients who had been off antipsychotics for at least 2 weeks and 219 chronic patients who had been stable on medication for at least 2 months. Blood SOD, CAT, and GSH, clinical symptoms, and nine cognitive tests were measured. Blood CAT levels were higher in the acute patients than in the chronic patients, while SOD and GSH levels were similar between them. Higher CAT levels were correlated with less positive symptoms, better working memory and problem solving in the acute phase, and less negative symptoms, less general psychopathology, better global assessment of function (GAF), and better cognitive function (in speed of processing, attention, problem solving) in the chronic period. Higher SOD levels were correlated with better GAF in the acute phase, and better speed of processing, working memory, and verbal learning and memory in the chronic period. GSH influenced neither clinical nor cognitive manifestations. This study showed that blood CAT affected different clinical and cognitive domains between acute and chronic stages of schizophrenia, SOD influenced cognitive functions in chronic state, but GSH impacted none. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Generation of a spatially multiplexed perfect vortex beam for digital data transmission

A perfect vortex beam (PVB) has emerged as a potential candidate for optical communication as its intensity profile remains invariant for different orbital angular momenta being carried by the beam. The present study proposes a simple technique to enhance the data handling capacity of the beam through its spatial multiplexing. The variation of the ring radius of the PVB under Fourier transformation, with different focal lengths, has been used to generate multiple PVBs of different annular radii, and then combined into a single beam to produce a concentric PVB (CPVB). Each ring may represent one bit of digital data. A simple experimental setup was used to generate the beam, which has also been validated through theoretical simulation. Further studies confirm that each ring of the CPVB has the same phase profile, with impeccable spatial alignment. Spatial multiplexing of the PVB adds an additional degree which can multiply the data handling capacity of the PVB, as a result of which it can prove to be a potential candidate for optical data transmission.

Poincaré Beams for Magnetic Field Sensing

Poincaré beam (PB), carrying spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM), plays a significant role in a wide range of optical applications. The inhomogeneous polarization distribution of PB can be represented as a point on the surface of hybrid-order Poincaré sphere (HyOPS). Here, we have investigated the properties of PB propagation in a magnetic fluid under an applied magnetic field. The PB consists of a Gaussian and a vortex beam, which are in orthogonally linear polarization. The Stokes parameters of PB are measured in the experiment to build the Stokes phase profile. Besides, one of the phase contours is marked to analyze the changes of the phase profile. The results show that the phase contours rotate, and the rotation angle is well linearly to magnetic field strength with sensitivity of 0.934°/mT in the range of 2.42 to 27.79 mT, which is consistent with the expectation of the theoretical formula. Our results may contribute to the effort of exploring potential optical sensing at the onset of PB.

Wideband Radar-Cross-Section Reduction Using Parabolic Phased Metasurfaces

This article presents a fast and efficient metasurface design approach without using time-consuming optimization algorithms, for wide-angle low scattering applications and wideband radar-cross-section (RCS) reduction. Using ray-tracing theory and by engineering the proposed metasurfaces to exhibit a diffusive parabolic phase distribution across its aperture at frequencies other than the center frequency ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f =</i> 18 GHz), significantly diffused backscattering is guaranteed by redirecting the reflected energies over all directions over a wide range of frequencies. Based on the proposed approach, the scattering behavior of metasurfaces with parabolic phase distributions from 1 <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> to 20 <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> were carefully investigated. Numerical and experimental results both demonstrated that a metasurface of phase profile at 5 <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> is extremely powerful in distributing the scattering energy more uniformly than a metasurface of 1 <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> phase profile. The designed metasurfaces using the proposed approach achieved more than 10-dB monostatic/bistatic RCS reduction over a wideband frequency range from 12 to 24 GHz (66.7%) and even for off-normal incidence up to 60°. The proposed approach can overcome the inherent challenges of ensuring wide scattering angle over wideband frequencies of conventional chessboard and coding metasurfaces in the literature.

Analysis of Needs for the Application of Differentiated Learning in Class X Natural and Social Sciences Subjects at SMKN 1 Bengkulu City

The research aims to find out how the implementation of learning is differentiated in class X natural and social sciences at SMKN 1 Bengkulu City even semester of the 2022-2023 academic year. In this study, a qualitative approach is combined with a descriptive way of analysis. The study's findings are displayed in the form of exposure. The data collection methods used in this study were observation, interviewing, and documentation. There were 5 participants in the study at SMKN 1 Bengkulu City. This study's main objective is to describe how differentiated learning can be implemented in the solar system's natural and social sciences chapter. In the first phase, learning readiness, interests, and learning profiles are used to map students' learning needs. The second phase is to plan, which entails developing a differentiated learning strategy employing three types of differentiation: content, process, and product. The third phase involves implementing differentiated learning in accordance with the created learning implementation plan, and the fourth phase involves evaluation and reflection with the goal of being able to perceive the drawbacks and benefits as material for the next learning improvement. Researchers are interested in the effects of differentiated learning implementation on classroom learning activities once it has been put into place. From the results of the interviews, it was concluded that 85% of the science teachers at SMKN 1 Bengkulu City agreed, the school management team 100% agreed, and 98% of students agreed to apply differentiated learning to the science subject in class X SMKN 1 Bengkulu City.

The Analysis of Bifurcation, Quasi-Periodic and Solitons Patterns to the New Form of the Generalized q-Deformed Sinh-Gordon Equation

In this manuscript, a new form of the generalized q-deformed Sinh-Gordon equation is investigated which could model physical systems with broken symmetries and to incorporate phenomena involving amplification or dissipation. The proposed model is explored based on the Lie symmetry approach. Using similarity reduction, the partial differential equation is transformed into an ordinary differential equation. By employing the generalized auxiliary equation approach, precise results for the derived equation are obtained. The solutions are graphically depicted as 3D, 2D, and contour plots. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis of the considered model is investigated by employing the concepts of bifurcation and chaos. The phase profiles are displayed for different sets of the parameters. Additionally, by applying an external periodic strength, quasi-periodic and chaotic behaviors are documented. Various tools for detecting chaos are discussed, including 3D and 2D phase patterns, time series, and Poincaré maps. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted for various initial conditions. The obtained findings are unique and indicate the viability and efficacy of the suggested strategies for evaluating soliton solutions and phase illustrations for various nonlinear models.

P-366 Unraveling the whole transcriptome profiles of receptive phase endometrium in infertile women

Abstract Study question Are there differential transcriptomic profiles of the receptive phase endometria in infertile women with different infertility diagnoses? Summary answer Endometrium-related pathologies such as endometriosis and RIF seemed to share similar endometrial molecular profiles in mid-secretory phase,while samples from unexplained infertility were similar to controls. What is known already Successful embryo implantation is orchestrated by the combination of a viable blastocyst, a receptive endometrium and a perfectly synchronized molecular dialogue between them. Endometrium-associated pathologies such as endometriosis and recurrent implantation failure (RIF) are suggested to hamper endometrial receptivity, but the molecular mechanisms affected in these and other infertility diagnoses such as unexplained infertility need further investigation. Previous transcriptome studies of the human endometrium have analysed different infertility diagnoses separately, but whether and to what extent receptive-phase endometrial transcriptome profiles vary between distinct infertility diagnoses is underexplored. Study design, size, duration A prospective, cross-sectional study was performed at the Reproductive Unit at the University Hospital between March 2019 and April 2021. Forty-five well-characterized infertile women (age 34.7±3.8 years, BMI 24.5±kg/m2) were recruited before starting any infertility treatment. Four groups according to different infertility diagnoses were established: endometriosis (n = 12), RIF (n = 14), unexplained infertility (n = 10), and male factor infertility as control group (n = 9). Participants/materials, setting, methods Endometrial biopsies were collected using Pipelle curette during mid-secretory phase (LH + 7) of the natural cycle. Total RNA was extracted and sequenced using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 technology. Raw sequencing data was quality assessed, pre-processed and quantified, and differential expression and enrichment analyses were performed using R software. Main results and the role of chance Differential expression analysis revealed 743, 587 and 140 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in endometriosis, RIF and unexplained infertility, respectively, when compared to control women of the male factor infertility group. Among these, 31 genes exhibited consistent differential expression between all infertility groups. Regarding functional enrichment analyses, the detected DEGs were mainly related to immune response and inflammatory processes, supporting the involvement of these pathways in the impairment of endometrial receptivity. Interestingly, the comparison between different study groups showed similar transcriptome profiles in endometrium-associated pathologies such as endometriosis and RIF, while women with unexplained infertility had similar molecular profiles with the control group of male factor infertility. These study results indicate common molecular pathways in endometrial receptivity between infertile women with endometriosis and RIF, and between unexplained infertility and control male factor infertility patients. Limitations, reasons for caution Further research with bigger sample size is required to confirm these findings. Wider implications of the findings We identified transcriptome profiles associated with infertility diagnoses. Further, women with unexplained infertility tended to have similar molecular profiles with control women, meaning that other factors than endometrial receptivity issues could lead to their infertility. Our study helps to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying female infertility in different infertility diagnoses. Trial registration number not applicable

Highly Tunable Cascaded Metasurfaces for Continuous Two-Dimensional Beam Steering.

Cascaded metasurfaces can exhibit powerful dynamic light manipulation by mechanically tuning the far-field interactions in the layers. However, in most current designs, the metasurfaces are separated by gaps smaller than a wavelength to form a total phase profile, representing the direct accumulation of the phase profiles of each layer. Such small gap sizes may not only conflict with the far-field conditions but also pose great difficulties for practical implementations. To overcome this limitation, a design paradigm taking advantage of a ray-tracing scheme that allows the cascaded metasurfaces to operate optimally at easily achievable gap sizes is proposed. Enabled by the relative lateral translation of two cascaded metasurfaces, a continuous two-dimensional (2D) beam-steering device for 1064nm light is designed as a proof of concept. Simulation results demonstrate tuning ranges of ±45° for biaxial deflection angles within ±3.5mm biaxial translations, while keeping the divergence of deflected light less than 0.007°. The experimental results agree well with theoretical predictions, and a uniform optical efficiency is observed. The generializeddesign paradigm can pave a way towards myriad tunable cascaded metasurface devices for various applications, including but not limited to light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and free space optical communication.

Dynamic Footprints of the Specific Artificial Spin Ice Microstate on Its Spin Waves

We present a micromagnetic investigation of the spin dynamics at remanence (zero applied field) in a periodic square artificial spin ice (ASI) prepared four different microstates (i.e., with zero, two or four magnetic charges at the vertex). The ASI elements consist of permalloy elliptical dots with a fixed long axis, and a variable width and interdot separation. For each vertex configuration, we compute the equilibrium ground state at zero applied field by relaxing a previously set magnetic configuration (microstate). After the excitation of such ground state, we perform a Fourier analysis obtaining frequency spectra and space phase profiles. We discuss the behavior of the spectra in changing the system’s microstate and geometry, with reference to the spin mode space profiles, magnetization configuration, and effective internal field. Our results draw a correlation between ASI macrospin orientation at vertex and a few important dynamic properties like a phase-shift in the mode profiles or the frequency gap between the edge and fundamental modes. We suggest a few specific experiments to validate of our predictions, as well as applications in the field of interferometric magnonic devices. We believe that our results can help, from the fabrication stage, in tailoring the appropriate ASI geometry for specific application purposes.

INDIGO: A global, randomized, double-blinded, phase 3 study of vorasidenib versus placebo in patients with residual or recurrent grade 2 glioma with an IDH1/2 mutation.

LBA1 Background: Grade 2 gliomas are slowly progressive, malignant brain tumors with a poor long-term prognosis. Current treatments (surgery followed by observation or adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy) are not curative and can be associated with short- and long-term toxicities. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 occur in approximately 80% and 4% of grade 2 gliomas, respectively, and are a disease defining characteristic in the World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 definition. Vorasidenib (VOR) – an oral, brain-penetrant, dual inhibitor of mutant (m)IDH1/2 enzymes has shown a tolerable safety profile and preliminary clinical activity in phase 1 studies. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study (NCT04164901) patients (pts) were randomized 1:1 to receive VOR 40 mg daily or placebo (PBO) daily in 28-day cycles. Patients were stratified by 1p19q status and baseline tumor size. Key eligibility criteria included: age ≥12; KPS &gt;80; residual or recurrent grade 2 IDH1m or IDH2m oligodendroglioma or astrocytoma; measurable non-enhancing disease; no prior treatment for glioma with most recent surgery 1-5 years from randomization; and not in immediate need of chemotherapy/radiation. Primary endpoint: radiographic progression-free survival (PFS) by blinded independent radiology committee (BIRC). Key secondary endpoint: time to next intervention (TTNI). Results: As of 6Sep2022 (2nd planned interim analysis data cutoff), 331 pts were randomized across 10 countries: 168 to VOR and 163 to PBO. Of the 331 pts: median age: 40.4 years (range, 16 to 71); KPS =100: 53.5%; histological subtype: oligodendroglioma: 172 and astrocytoma: 159; median time from last surgery until randomization: 2.4 years. Two hundred twenty-six (68.3%) pts remained on treatment (131VOR; 95PBO). PFS by BIRC was statistically significant in favor of the VOR arm (HR, 0.39; 95% CI, (0.27, 0.56); P=0.000000067). Median PFS: VOR: 27.7 mos; PBO: 11.1 mos. TTNI was statistically significant in favor of the VOR arm (HR, 0.26; 95% CI, (0.15, 0.43); P=0.000000019). Median TTNI: PBO: 17.8 mos; VOR: not reached. All reported P values are one-sided. All-grade adverse events (AEs) occurring in &gt;20% pts receiving VOR vs PBO were alanine aminotransferase increased (38.9% vs 14.7%), COVID-19 (32.9% vs 28.8%), fatigue (32.3% vs 31.9%), aspartate aminotransferase increase (28.7% vs 8.0%), headache (26.9% vs 27.0%), diarrhea (24.6% vs 16.6%), nausea (21.6% vs 22.7%). Common grade ≥3 AEs (&gt;5%): ALT increased (9.6% vs 0%). Conclusions: This is the first prospective, randomized phase 3 study of a targeted therapy in grade 2 mIDH glioma. VOR significantly improved PFS by BIRC compared with PBO with a manageable safety profile. These data demonstrate the clinical benefit of VOR in this pt population for whom chemotherapy and radiotherapy are being delayed. Clinical trial information: NCT04164901 .

Optimizing liquid crystal cell thickness in electro-optical Fresnel lenses through theoretical calculations and experimental validation.

Tunable liquid crystal (LC) lenses have gained significant attention in recent decades due to their lightweight, low cost, and versatility in applications such as augmented reality, ophthalmic devices, and astronomy. Although various structures have been proposed to improve the performance of LC lenses, the thickness of the LC cell is a critical design parameter that is often reported without sufficient justification. While increasing the cell thickness can lead to a shorter focal length, it also results in higher material response times and light scattering. To address this issue, the Fresnel structure has been introduced as a solution to achieve a higher focal length dynamic range without increasing the cell thickness. In this study, we numerically investigate, for the first time (to our knowledge) the relationship between the number of phase resets and the minimum required cell thickness to achieve a Fresnel phase profile. Our findings reveal that the diffraction efficiency (DE) of a Fresnel lens also depends on the cell thickness. Specifically, to achieve a fast response Fresnel-structured-based LC lens with high optical transmission and over 90% DE using E7 as the LC material, the cell thickness should fall within the range of 13 to 23 µm.

Tunable holography with independent transflective information channels enabled by interleaved soft materials

Holography is promising to fully record and reconstruct various fundamental properties of light. However, the simultaneous realization of multifunctional holographic channels, prompt tunability and broadband working spectrum for holography remains challenging. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a transflective holography scheme based on the interleaved soft materials of achiral and chiral liquid crystals (LCs). The desired phase profile is programmed into the tailored surface alignment of the achiral and chiral LCs by photopatterning, while the coexistence of such soft materials is configured by a micro-regional patterned polymer template. Correspondingly, a pair of independent holographic images is achieved along the transmission and reflection channels, which is also characterized by the distinctive response to the polarization of incidence. Benefitting from the excellent electrical responsiveness, the transmission holography can be conveniently tuned among a large spectral range under a mild voltage, and meanwhile the broadband working spectrum of reflection holography is well maintained. We expect this work to enrich the functionalities of LC holography and inspire more advances for the higher integration level, greater information capacity of holography.

Alignment-free twisted-split-ring metasurface on single substrate with 2π phase range for linearly polarized sub-terahertz wave.

To achieve high-speed, large-capacity communication, next-generation mobile communication systems will require manipulation of the propagation of sub-terahertz waves in the propagation channel. In this paper, we propose the use of a novel split-ring resonator (SRR) structure as a metasurface unit cell for manipulating the linearly polarized incident and transmission waves used in mobile communication systems. In this SRR structure, the gap is twisted by 90° to efficiently use cross-polarized scattered waves. By changing the twist direction and gap size of the unit cell, 2π phase designability can be achieved, which enables linear polarization conversion efficiencies of -2 dB with a backside polarizer and -0.2 dB with two polarizers. In addition, a complementary pattern of the unit cell was fabricated, and a measured conversion efficiency of more than -1 dB at the peak with only the backside polarizer on a single substrate was verified. In the proposed structure, the 2π phase designability and efficiency gain are obtained independently by the unit cell and polarizer, respectively, thus enabling alignment-free characteristics, which are highly advantageous from an industrial viewpoint. Metasurface lenses with binary phase profiles of 0 and π were fabricated using the proposed structure with a backside polarizer on a single substrate. The lenses' focusing, deflection, and collimation operations were experimentally verified with a lens gain of 20.8 dB, which agreed well with our calculated results. Our metasurface lens has the great advantages of easy fabrication and implementation, and it has the potential to enable dynamic control by combining it with active devices because of the simple design methodology, which entails only changing the twist direction and the gap's capacitance component.