Electrospinning is an advanced emerging technology in a novel drug delivery system. Principally it contributes major application in the pharmaceutical research field due to their versatility of electrospun NFs and productive utilization for the fabrication of drug-loaded fibers. Owing to the tailor-made and tunable properties of NFs such as high porosity, large surface area, superior mechanical properties, small pore size, and simplicity of surface modification, have a significant consideration to researchers. Electrospun nanofibers deal with the exceptional stability and biocompatibility of drug/bioactive molecules. Besides, the spun process does not only improve the dissolution, solubility of active but also expanded bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Therefore, electrospun NFs are accomplished with the targeted, modified, and pH-dependent drug delivery systems. The current review article is an attempt to update the readers about the electrospinning process and spun nanofibers. Besides, this review is covered electrospinning types, parameters that affect the nanofibers, and the composition of nanofibers. Moreover, the key focus of this review is the utilization of electrospun nanofibers in pharmaceutical applications.