The 40% weight-reduction craze: market volatility, metabolic nuance, and the quest for sustainable health.

Microbial fuel cells for sustainable energy and wastewater treatment: Integrating seaweed biomass, machine learning, and hybrid systems for enhanced performance.

Species-specific isothermal nucleic acid amplification assay targeting Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) for rapid authentication of the medicinal crop Cirsium japonicum and Cirsium setosum in herbal markets.

Artificial intelligence in pharmaceutical manufacturing: Applications, case studies, and GxP implementation considerations.

Removal of polysorbates degradation-related impurities by depth filter screening: A case study.

Pharmaceutical impurities pose a significant challenge in the development and manufacturing of anti-cancer drugs due to their high potency, narrow therapeutic index, and prolonged administration in most treatment regimens. Even trace-level impurities can compromise drug safety, efficacy, and regulatory compliance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various types of pharmaceutical impurities organic, inorganic, residual solvents, and genotoxic impurities with a focus on their origins, toxicological significance, and impact on oncology therapeutics. The paper discusses traditional and modern analytical methods used for impurity detection, including chromatographic techniques, spectroscopic tools, mass spectrometry, and capillary electrophoresis and advanced hyphenated systems. Regulatory frameworks from International Council for Harmonization, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the European Medicines Agency, Therapeutic Goods Administration, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency and the World Health Organization are examined, particularly concerning acceptable limits for genotoxic and elemental impurities. In addition, this study explores recent advancements such as surface plasmon coupled emission technique, AI-assisted data analysis, portable sensors, and real-time monitoring technologies that enhance impurity profiling. The advantages and applications of the modern technologies are discussed, emphasizing their role in improving method efficiency, automation, and sustainability in connection with the impurity profiling.

Phytochemical profile, biological activities, and biotic stress factors of Solanumtuberosum.

Impact of the U.S. 2025 tariff policy on Canadian pharmaceutical exports to the U.S.

Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and applications of the genus Polygonatum: A comprehensive update review.

Flavonoids comprise an important class of phytochemicals that have not only been proven to be good antioxidants, but also have been shown to have anticancer and neuroprotective activities, of late. Therefore, these compounds find immense applications in food, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Though these are prevalently of plant origin, some recent evidences reveal their occurrence in bacteria and fungi as well. Thus, identification and characterization of flavonoids is essential, for which tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) plays a significant role, whereby diagnostic fragment ions observed from MS/MS experiments are useful in lucidly distinguishing one subclass from another. In order to understand the extent of diversity of flavonoids, we surveyed the database of LIPID MAPS consortium (www.lipidmaps.org), wherein we found more than 6000 flavonoids within the molecular mass range, 200-800Daltons (Da). To simplify the complexity of such a large dataset, we classified these compounds based on intact molecular mass as well as degree of glycosylation. In doing so, we found ∼3400 aglycones and ~2700 glycosides (glycosylated flavonoids). The number of O-glycosylated flavonoids are greater than the C-glycosylated flavonoids. Further, we highlight the utility of MS/MS, by reviewing some key fragmentation pathways that aid in discriminating subtle variations in the flavonoids' molecular structures, thereby facilitating to identify different subclass types. Altogether, this review clarifies that the LIPID MAPS database is not just solely limited for analyzing well-known lipids such as fatty acyls, glycerolipids, etc., but also is absolutely suitable for investigating 'flavonoids' as well, including mass spectral data analysis.

Multi-step metabolic engineering optimization of Escherichia coli BL21 Star (DE3) for high-efficient production of hydroxytyrosol.

The genus Citrus (Rutaceae) produces essential oils (EOs) widely utilized in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and biomaterial industries due to their distinct organoleptic properties. These EOs are primarily composed of monoterpenes (e.g., limonene), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and oxygenated derivatives, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antineoplastic, and insecticidal activities. Principal extraction methods include cold pressing (CP), solvent extraction, distillation, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Due to the increasing prevalence of adulteration and pesticide residues, robust analytical methods for their detection are required. This review addresses the major chemical components, common extraction techniques, and biological activities of Citrus EOs. Analytical approaches for identifying adulterants and pesticide residues are also examined. Particular attention is given to furocoumarin-induced photosensitivity, a critical safety concern. Addressing these issues is essential to provide a scientific basis for the rational and expanded application of Citrus EOs in food science, material engineering, and related fields.

Genomic insights into high-yield carotenoid production from renewable resources in radiation-resistant Deinococcus yunweiensis KCTC3955 and its optimization through fed-batch fermentation.

This study was conducted to evaluate the bioactive (antioxidant and antimicrobial) properties of essential oils (EOs) from seven genotypes of Lippia gracilis Schauer (LGRA106, LGRA107, LGRA108, LGRA109, LGRA110, LGRA201, and LGRA202). In addition, predictive models of bacterial growth under different pH conditions (5.0, 6.0, and 9.0), in the presence and absence of LGRA 109 EO (1.32, 2.64, or 5.29 mg/mL), were obtained. The LGRA106 and LGRA109 EOs exhibited strong antioxidant (2652.2 μmol Trolox/L via the FRAP method) and antimicrobial (minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of 1.32-2.64 mg/mL) activities, respectively. The Baranyi and Roberts model showed good agreement with the experimental data, with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.84 to 0.99 and adequate representation of the growth curves. The model was validated using Bias and accuracy factor values of 1, and root mean square error values ranging from 0.02 to 0.14. The model was applied to predict bacterial growth under the tested conditions. Lag phase time and maximum specific growth rate parameters were determined for all the tested bacteria. The combination of pH and EO was effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium. These results demonstrate that L. gracilis EOs are potent natural antioxidants and antimicrobials that may be further explored for applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.

Polymer selection in amorphous solid dispersions: From stabilization mechanisms to marketed drug products.

Abstract Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) causes chronic elevation of right ventricular (RV) afterload, driving progressive remodeling associated with poor clinical outcomes. Cardiac fibroblasts regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and fibrosis, yet their temporal and regional transcriptional programs during RV adaptation remain poorly defined. We hypothesized that RV fibroblasts display temporally regulated transcriptional programs during hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension that are not shared with fibroblasts from the left ventricle (LV) or septum. Methods C57BL/6 mice were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (18,000 ft) for 3, 7, or 21 days (n = 2 males and females each timepoint). RV, LV, and septum were analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing (10X Genomics Chromium Fixed RNA Profiling). Fibroblasts were examined using the SLIDE (Significant Latent Factor Interaction Discovery and Exploration) framework to identify latent transcriptional programs across three intervals: normoxia-3 days (early), 3-7 days (intermediate), and 7-21 days (chronic). Gene ontology and clustering analyses were performed to define dynamic pathways of fibroblast activation. Results Following hypoxia, fibrosis-associated genes (Postn, Col1a1, Tgfb1, Acta2, Meox1) were selectively upregulated in the RV with a 7-day peak, indicating region-specific activation despite equivalent exposure across cardiac chambers (Figure 1). From normoxia-3 days, RV fibroblasts displayed a uniform stress-response characterized by cytokine-STAT3 (Osmr, Stat3, Tlr3), ER-stress (Hspa5, Manf, Hsp90aa1), and early matrix-remodeling (Eln, Loxl2, Adamtsl2, Col1a1, Col3a1) pathways. From 3-7 days, SLIDE analysis identified two distinct fibroblast populations: one cluster enriched for 3-day fibroblasts exhibited higher expression of stress-adaptive programs consistent with acute activation of redox and proteostatic pathways, while a second cluster composed of roughly equal proportions of 3- and 7-day fibroblasts showed lower expression of antioxidant and ER-stress-response genes (Mt1, Mt2, Hspa5, Manf, Hyou1), suggesting a transition from early stress-responsive fibroblasts to a matrix-oriented, lower-stress phenotype by day 7. From 7-21 days, fibroblasts further diversified into eight transcriptionally distinct subtypes with dominant antioxidant, proteostatic, metabolic, stress-inflammatory, contractile, matrix-modulating, and biosynthetic programs. Conclusions Although all cardiac regions experienced the same hypoxic stimulus, RV fibroblasts uniquely activated profibrotic gene programs, revealing intrinsic regional susceptibility that may underlie the selective remodeling seen in PH. SLIDE analysis revealed dynamic transitions in RV fibroblasts: an early stress-response phase, a transitional phase with divergence into stress-adaptive and matrix-producing populations, and a late phase composed of specialized phenotypes. Distinct from identity-based clustering, SLIDE uncovered latent transcriptional programs that define progressive shifts in fibroblast states during hypoxia-PH RV remodeling, identifying potential therapeutic windows for selective modulation of fibroblast activation. This abstract is funded by: Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson ATS Early Career Investigator Award in Pulmonary Vascular Disease Program

Attitudes of pharmaceutical sales representatives toward advertising "unmentionables": A cross-sectional survey in Egypt.

Mechanistic understanding of drug release in dissolution apparatuses - In-depth review.

In capillary suspensions, small bridges of a secondary liquid lead to strong attractive forces between the particles, thereby enhancing network formation. We studied the rheological behavior of whey, potato and pea protein aggregate networks in oil - referred to as protein oleogels - using water as bridging liquid. Aggregates varied in size and hydrophobicity. Changes in gel strength following water addition resulted from an increased degree of clustering of the protein aggregates upon bridge formation. Additional particle rearrangements into denser networks upon heating further increased gel strength by up to a factor of 60. Such network densification was confirmed by simulations, in which a temperature increase was shown to lead to a reduction in particle distance related to changes in bridge geometry. A heat treatment is therefore an effective approach to further enhance the gel strength of biopolymeric capillary suspensions. When the water was evaporated, this network-contracting effect appeared even stronger and increased with the amount of evaporated water. Due to the high brittleness combined with strong particle clustering of these gels, their networks disintegrated into larger agglomerates upon mixing. Therefore, a second water addition did not lead to restoration of the network strength to comparable values as after the first water addition. Largest effects of heating were obtained for potato protein oleogels with aggregates of small size and initially weak gels. The ability to modify network structure by heating provides plenty of opportunities for the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries to design biopolymer-based soft materials with functionality-enhancing rheological properties. • Heating increases the gel strength of capillary suspensions of protein aggregates. • This network-strengthening effect of heating is explained by network densification. • MD simulations confirm reduction of particle distance upon heating. • Largest effect of heating for initially weak gels with small aggregate size. • Water addition is irreversible due to particle agglomeration upon water evaporation.

Vaccines based on Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) against Neisseria meningitidis require the quantification and characterization of residual capsular polysaccharides (CapsPS) that are not completely removed during the production process. This task is challenging due to the complexity of the CapsPS composition and the presence of OMVs in the samples. Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC) using a negatively charged polyelectrolyte multilayer coating (SMIL) enabled complete separation of CapsPS and OMV residues in approximately 40min. The use of a 4-layer SMIL coating was crucial for achieving good repeatability of migration times (tm). The method allowed the quantification of CapsPS at concentrations between 80 and 600mgL-1. The average number and weight degrees of polymerization were also determined for each batch of OMVs, with polydispersity indexes between 1.2 and 1.5 and degrees of polymerization (DPn) between 30 and 70. This method can be readily implemented in the pharmaceutical industry for the monitoring and documentation of process development.