Petroleum Ether Soluble Fraction Research Articles

Preparation of oligomeric dehydrogenation polymer and characterization of its antibacterial properties

To investigate the relationship between the chemical structural characteristics of lignin and its antibacterial activity, a low molecular weight dehydrogenation polymer (DHP) was synthesized in vitro with isoeugenol as a precursor and catalyzed by laccase. The DHP was fractionated to obtain a petroleum ether-soluble fraction (F1), diethyl ether-soluble fraction (F2), ethanol-soluble fraction (F3), and acetone-soluble fraction (F4). The results of antibacterial experiments showed that only F1 and F2 could effectively inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, nine compounds (Z1 to Z9) were obtained via the column chromatographic separation from F1 and F2. Mass spectrum analysis results showed that all of these compounds contained a β-5 structure. Antibacterial experiments showed that dimers (Z1 and Z2) could inhibit both S. aureus and E. coli. The trimers, tetramers, and pentamers (Z3 to Z9) could inhibit S. aureus but had no inhibitory effect on E. coli. The aldehyde groups and the condensed 5-5 structure, decreased the antibacterial properties of DHP, whereas the presence of the β-5 structure may be related to the antimicrobial ability of DHP.

Physicochemical study of Delphinium denudatum Wall (Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae) and their antioxidant activity

The drug jadwar known as Delphinium denudatum Wall (Ranunculales: Ranunculaceae), the jadwar consist of dried tuberous roots of D. denudatum. An annual glabrous or slightly downy herbs found is Western Himalayas from Kumaon to Kashmir at altitudes of 3,000 m to 4,500 m specially on grassy slopes. It is distinguished by its relatively small blue and violet color and it is one of the important drugs used as indigenous medicine in India, especially in where isolated from the petroleum ether-soluble fraction of roots of D. denudatum. Jadwar widely used in traditional unani system of medicine for the treatment of a variety of human ailments including epilepsy. In order to increase the bioavailability, the nanophytosome of the D. denudatum root aqueous fraction (DNP) was prepared, characterized and evaluation. The phospholipids complex of the obtain aqueous fraction (AF) was prepared with phospholipon 90H. The size of nanophytosome was determined by dynamic light scattering. HPTLC fingerprinting of the AF was also performed.

Antioxidant Activities, Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Methanolic Extract of Stelechocarpus burahol Fruit and its Fractions

Kepel or Stelechocarpus burahol is an exotic fruit originating from Java, Indonesia. This research was intended to evaluate the antioxidant activities of extracts and fractions of kepel fruit pulp (KFP) based on radical scavenging capability towards 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and 2,2′-diphenildiphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil radical (DPPH). In this study, the radical scavenging activities were also correlated with total phenolics and flavonoid contents. Among the evaluated samples, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antiradical antioxidant activity towards ABTS radical with IC50 of 0.35 μg/ml, lower than that of vitamin C (as positive control). It also showed highest antiradical activity using DPPH based assay. Methanolic extract had total phenolic content of 58.28 ± 0.37% wt/wt gallic acid equivalent, higher than its fraction. Meanwhile the petroleum ether soluble fraction revealed flavonoid content (76.06 ± 11.9%) as rutin equivalent, among the extract and fractions evaluated. Based on coefficient (R2) values, phenolics and flavonoids contents contributed to 73.09% and 30.99%% towards antiradical scavenging activities, respectively.
 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(2): 153-159, 2018 (December)

Evaluation of Bonamia semidigyna (Roxb.) for antioxidant, antibacterial, anthelmintic and cytotoxic properties with the involvement of polyphenols

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, anthelmintic, and cytotoxic activities of the crude methanol extract of Bonamia semidigyna (Roxb.) leaves and its derived fractions in different experimental models. Leaves of B. semidigyna were extracted with methanol (MBS) and the resultant successively fractionated into n-hexane (NBS), petroleum ether (PBS), chloroform (CBS), and ethyl acetate (EBS) soluble fractions. Later, the plant extractives were investigated for antioxidant, antibacterial, anthelmintic and cytotoxic properties. Phytochemical study was carried out using standard methods and polyphenols content were determined by spectrophotometric techniques. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity, ferric reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity assays. Disc diffusion technique used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy and anthelmintic activity was determined using aquarium worm (Tubifex tubifex) whereas cytotoxicity was evaluated using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The phytochemical study revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, phenolic, steroids, sterols, quinones, oxalate, coumarins, and emodins in the plant extractives. In addition, the quantitative phytochemical analysis showed the significant amount of polyphenol contents. In antioxidant assays, the crude methanol extract and EBS fraction exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity among all the extractives. The crude methanol extract and EBS fraction also possessed significant antibacterial and anthelmintic potentials while moderate cytotoxic activities were found for all the plant extractives. The present study confirmed that the crude methanol extract of B. semidigyna and its EBS fraction, possibly due to its high polyphenol contents possess significant antioxidant, antibacterial, and anthelmintic properties.

In vitro Bioactivities of Aerial Parts of Dioscorea alata

The methanol extract of aerial parts of Dioscorea alata and its organic and aqueous soluble materials were subjected to screenings for antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing and antimicrobial activities. The polyphenol content and DPPH free radical scavenging assay were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content was found to vary for different test samples ranging from 23.69 ± 0.25 to 26.60 ± 0.22 mg of GAE/gm of dried extract. In DPPH method the chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) of D. alata revealed the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC5025.33 ± 0.05 μg/ml. The petroleum ether soluble fraction (PESF) exhibited highest cytotoxic potential having LC50 value of 6.1 μg/ml. During the membrane stabilizing assay, the aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF) inhibited 31.91% and 47.55% haemolysis of RBC in hypotonic solution- and heat-induced method, respectively. In thrombolytic assay, the chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) displayed 40.45% clot lysis. On the other hand the carbon tetrachloride (CTCSF) and chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) revealed mild to moderate antimicrobial activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 8 to 12 mm.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(2): 200-204, 2017

Phytochemical Screening and Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory and Thrombolytic Activities of Grewia abutilifolia Vent. & Juss. Leaf

Cholinesterase inhibitors offer the possible pathway to fight against various types of neurodegenerative diseases. Grewia abutilifolia is used extensively in traditional and folk medicines mainly to improve intellectual capabilities and memory enhancement purposes which support its possible effects against neurodegenerative disorders. We performed preliminary phytochemical screening to observe the presence of potential phytoconstituents of G. abutilifolia leaf extracts and evaluated acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory properties to measure its anti-cholinesterase activities. Preliminary phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, carbohydrates, coumarins, alkaloids etc. The petroleum ether (PESF), chloroform (CSF) and aqueous soluble fractions (AQSF) of the crude extract of the plant leaf were screened for bioactivities. The highest inhibition of acetylcholinesterase was exhibited by aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF) with IC50 = 5.73 ± 0.59 μg/ml, while the highest inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase was shown by petroleum ether soluble fraction (PESF) with IC50 = 6.57 ± 1.81 μg/ml in a dose-dependent manner. During assay for thrombolytic activity, the chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) revealed highest activity with 25.75 ± 1.62% clot lysis. These results of the present study suggested the effectiveness of G. abutilifolia against various neurological diseases.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(1): 81-86, 2018 (June)

Liquefaction of kraft lignin over the composite catalyst HTaMoO6 and Rh/C in dioxane-water system

A catalytic routine was developed for kraft lignin depolymerization in dioxane-water systems, in which the catalyst HTaMoO6 with strong Bronsted acidity and a hydrogenation catalyst (Rh/C) were employed simultaneously. The performance of the composite catalysts was tested in a series of experiments with various reaction temperatures, reaction time and catalyst ratios. Under the optimized conditions, a higher petroleum ether soluble fraction yield of 58.7% was obtained at 320 °C for 24 h. Besides, a higher liquid product yield of 95.6% was achieved at 290 °C for 2 h. Specially, the main compositions of the petroleum ether soluble fraction are monomers and dimers, which can be used as liquid fuel. These results demonstrated that the composite catalyst HTaMoO6-Rh/C can effectively catalyze the depolymerization of the kraft lignin into small molecule liquid fuel components.

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF NATURALLY OCCURRING LARVICIDAL COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM ZINGIBER ZERUMBET (L).J.E. SMITH.

Objective: A naturally occurring larvicidal compound is an alternative to eradication of Aedes aegypti larvae. This compound is toxic to larvae but relatively safe for human. Rhizome of Lempuyang gajah (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) J. E. Smith) has been used traditionally to prevent mosquito bites. An initial study indicated that petroleum ether (PE) soluble fraction of the methanol (MeOH) extract of Z. zerumbet was toxic against larvae lethal concentration (LC50), 67.01±2.35 versus 153.57±4.01 ppm (MeOH ext.). Therefore, this study aimed to isolate and identify the compounds with larvicidal activity from Z. zerumbet rhizome.Methods: The PE soluble (PE-soluble) fraction was subjected to a bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation method to obtain four (4) fractions (I-IV). Two compounds (1 and 2) were isolated from Fraction I that was the most active compared to other fractions (II-IV). Compound 1 turned out to be more active than compound 2; therefore, compound 1 was then identified by means of spectroscopic data.Results: Based on the LC50 values, compound 1 was more active than compound 2 (LC50, 41.75±0.05 and LC90, 57.66±3.37 [1] versus 1122.27±1.80 and 1875.69±1.35 ppm [2]), and compound 1 was identified as Zerumbone.Conclusion: Zerumbone was the main active compound; in the future, this compound can be formulated as a standardized preparation based on the content.

Structural Modification of Petroleum Pitch Induced by Oxidation Treatment and Its Relevance to Carbonization Behaviors

Structural modifications of petroleum pitch and its subfractions induced by mild air-blowing modification have been monitored by elemental analysis, average molecular weight, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and carbon residue. Combined with the investigation into carbonization behaviors of as-prepared oxidized pitch, the relationship between oxidized modification and carbonization behaviors has also been discussed. With the air blowing treatment process, average molecular weight and oxygen content grow rapidly in the petroleum ether-insoluble fraction of the air-blown pitch in comparison with those of corresponding petroleum ether-soluble fractions, which gradually enlarges the distinction in carbonization reactivity and mutual solubility between these two subfractions. As a result, although the yield of carbonized residue is dramatically increased from 36.1 wt % to 64.5 wt % during the direct thermal carbonization process, the air blowing treatment produces an adverse effect on mesophase development of oxidized pitches, leading to the optical texture index (OTI) significantly decreasing from 35.9 to 0.6. While adding the hydrogen-donor aromatic oil (HAO) into the air-blown pitches is able to effectively improve the mutual compatibility among the solvent subfractions via H-transfer reactions and dilution effect, consequently contributing to mesophase development during the co-carbonization process accompanied by increasing OTI value of mesophase residues to about 65, except 33.6 of the PP25-HAO mixture, simultaneously the co-carbonization process still maintains the relatively high carbonized residue yield between 42.1 and 61.8 wt %. Hence, a possible combined process including air blowing modification and subsequent co-carbonization process can obtain mesophase products with high residue yield and excellent anisotropic texture by controlling the degree of oxidation and selecting compatible co-carbonization additives.

Preventive activities against thrombosis and inflammation of Butea monosperma (Lam.) leaves methanolic extract in vitro model.

Aim: To find out the biological activities of thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing activity and also quantification of total phenol content in vitro model from the leave extract of Butea monosperma (B. monosperma) Method: The collected leave was dried and grinded. The grinded powder was kept in 2500 ml of 90% methanol for several days followed by filtered. At reduced temperature 40° C, the volume of filtrated crude methanolic extract was reduced by a vacuum rotary evaporator under reduced pressure. Following the concentrated aqueous methanol extractive was partitioned into petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions respectively by the Kupchan methods, Then all extracts were subjected to evaluate in vivo thrombolytic by Daginawala, membrane stabilizing properties by Okoli and Omale method and total phenol content followed by the method of Wolfe et al. Result: In thrombolytic assay among the extractives, petroleum soluble fraction showed the highest percent clot lysis (27.36 ± 0.10%) activity as compared with standard streptokinase (65.15 ± 0.16%). In case of membrane stabilizing activity, crude methanolic extract profoundly inhibited the lysis of erythrocytes (65.79 ± 0.40%) induced by osmosis, whereas reference standard acetyl salicylic acid resulted in (83.147 ± 0.39%) inhibition of lysis. On the other hand, aqueous soluble fraction showed slightly higher level of membrane stabilizing activity in the heat-induced hemolysis (75.3 ± 0.39). In the total phenolic content test, petroleum soluble fraction was found significant level of phenolic (249.06 mg of GAE/gm). Conclusions: This study was conducted to validate the B. monosperma leaves used as a folk medicine (for the ailment of thrombosis, inflammation) such as thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing

Medicinal properties of the sesbania grandiflora leaves

Background: The leaves of Sesbania grandiflora have been used in local traditional medicine since ancient times. In the present study we investigated, in vivo and in vitro, the potential health benefits of various fractions of the ethanolic extract of these leaves. Materials and methods: Crude ethanolic extract (CEE) of S. grandiflora leaves was partitioned into ethyl acetate soluble fraction (EASF), petroleum ether soluble fraction (PSF), carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction (CTSF), chloroform soluble fraction (CSF), and water soluble fraction (WSF). The extracts were evaluated for their thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing (anti-inflammatory), antimicrobial, and antidiarrheal activities. The results were compared to the effects of standard drugs: streptokinase for the thrombolytic, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) for the membrane stabilizing, kanamycin for antimicrobial, and loperamide for the antidiarrheal activities. Results: For thrombolysis, EASF showed the highest % of clot lysis (59.6%) among all fractions, while streptokinase and water resulted in 69.2% and 3.1% clot lysis respectively. With respect to the membrane stabilizing activity, the EASF significantly inhibited the hemolysis of human erythrocytes induced by hypotonic solution (64.3±0.6%) or by heat (57.2±0.7%). The other fractions exhibited no membrane stabilizing effect. By contrast ASA resulted in 73.9±0.3% inhibition of osmotically induced hemolysis and a slightly lower level of inhibition in the case of heat-induced hemolysis (70.1±0.3%). The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated in the mouse model. The unfractionated, CEE reduced the number of defecation episodes by 25.0% at a dose of 200 mg/kg and by 41.1% at dose 400 mg/kg body weight. All extract fractions exhibited significant antibacterial activity, which was higher against Gram negative bacteria than Gram positive bacteria. Since the pharmacological activities of S. grandiflora are due to the presence of bioactive compounds we detected and quantified the presence of significant levels of flavonoid and tannin substances. Conclusion: Leaves of Sesbania grandiflora have the potential to be used as a remedy for thrombosis, diarrhea, and inflammatory diseases and against few important bacterial pathogens.

Thrombolytic, Membrane stabilizing, Antidiarrhoeal, and Antimicrobial Properties of Bioactive Compounds Isolated from leaves of Sesbania grandiflora Naturally Growing in Bangladesh

Abstract Sesbania grandiflora leaves are extensively used locally since ancient time as in traditional systems. Base on mainly folkloric use, we investigated to know the potential of Sesbania grandiflora leaves extracts through biological works in vivo and in vitro. The ethanolic extract of S. grandiflora leaves was partitioned into ethyl acetate soluble fraction (ESF), petroleum ether soluble fraction (PSF), carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction (CTSF), chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) and aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF). The extracts were evaluated for their thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, antimicrobial and antidiarrhoeal activities and the results were compared with standard drugs; streptokinase for thrombolytic, acetyl salicylic acid for anti-inflammatory, kanamycin for antimicrobial activities and loperamide against diarrhoea. In thrombolytic investigation, among all partitionates, the ESF showed highest % of clot lysis (59.57%) as compared to (69.23%) and (3.07%) exhibited by the standard streptokinase and water. In case of membrane stabilizing study, ESF also significantly inhibited the haemolysis of human erythrocyte membrane both induced by hypotonic solution (64.30 ± 0.64%) and by heat (57.21 ± 0.69%), respectively as compared to (70.12 ± 26%) and (73.90 ± 0.29%) demonstrated by acetyl salicylic acid. In the antidiarrhoeal assay, the ethanolic extract (EE) inhibited the mean number of defecation by 24.97% and 41.05% at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively. In antibacterial activity, it was exhibited by the extracts, was comparatively more prominent on the gram negative bacteria than the gram positive bacteria. Our study revealed that satisfactory amount of flavonoid and tannin presence showed a significant and positive correlation between total phenolic compound contents with pharmacological activities of S.grandiflora.

Characterization of the Anticoagulative Constituents of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Their Metabolites in Rats by HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn.

Angelicae Sinensis Radix is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacological studies show that Angelicae Sinensis Radix has clear anticoagulant activity. Therefore, in this study, the anticoagulant activity of crude Angelicae Sinensis Radix extracts was investigated by measuring the thrombin times of the extracts. The results revealed that the petroleum ether-soluble fraction of Angelicae Sinensis Radix exhibited significant anticoagulant activity in vitro, and 26 compounds were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection combined with electrospray ionization ion trap time-of-flight multistage mass spectrometry. In addition, 5 prototype constituents, 24 in vivo metabolites in rat urine and 7 prototype constituents, and 9 in vitro metabolites in the rat hepatic S9 incubation system of the petroleum ether-soluble fraction were tentatively identified. All metabolites were found from Angelicae Sinensis Radix for the first time. Among them, 13 (three ferulic acid-related constituents, six senkyunolide D-related constituents, and four senkyunolide F-related constituents) were identified as new metabolites (new compounds). This study is the first to qualitatively characterize the chemical constituents of the potent anticoagulative extract of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and to explore its metabolism. The result is a notable improvement in the discovery of Angelicae Sinensis Radix metabolites, and it provides the chemical basis for the effective forms and pharmacodynamic substances (prototypes, metabolites, or both) of the anticoagulant activity of Angelicae Sinensis Radix.

Antidepressant-Like Effects of Fractions Prepared from Danzhi-Xiaoyao-San Decoction in Rats with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress: Effects on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, Arginine Vasopressin, and Neurotransmitters.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of two fractions, including petroleum ether soluble fraction (Fraction A, FA) and water-EtOH soluble fraction (Fraction B, FB) prepared from the Danzhi-xiaoyao-san (DZXYS) by using chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive rat model. The results indicated that DZXYS could ameliorate the depression-like behavior in chronic stress model of rats. The inhibition of hyperactivity of HPA axis and the modulation of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters in the hippocampus may be the important mechanisms underlying the action of DZXYS antidepressant-like effect in chronically stressed rats.

Isolation of flavonoids from the bark of Entada rheedii Spreng

The methanol extract of the bark of Entada rheedii has been fractionated to afford petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and aqueous soluble fraction through modified Kupchan partitioning protocol and those fractions has been subjected to repeated-chromatographic separation by Sephadex size exclusion chromatography and purification processes to isolate the secondary metabolites. A total of seven compounds have been isolated from the bark of E. rheedii, which were identified as epicatechin (1), liquiritigenin (2), glabridin (3), 4′-O-methylglabridin (4), isoliquiritigenin (5), hispaglabridin A (6) and shinflavanone (7). This is the first report of isolation of these compounds from E. rheedii.

In vitro antiprotozoal activity and cytotoxicity of extracts and fractions from the leaves, root bark and stem bark of Isolona hexaloba

Ethnopharmacological relevanceIsolona hexaloba (Pierre) Engl. and Diels (Annonaceae) is traditionally used in D.R. Congo against parasitic diseases including malaria. Materials and methodsTwo crude aqueous extracts, 3 crude methanol extracts and 3 crude 80% ethanol extracts from the leaves, root bark and stem bark together with 12 subfractions from the crude 80% ethanol extracts were evaluated in vitro for their antiprotozoal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T. cruzi, Leishmania infantum and the chloroquine and pyrimethamine resistant K1 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Their cytotoxic effects against MRC-5 cell lines were also assessed. ResultsResults indicated that the most pronounced activities against T. b. brucei were recorded for the crude methanol extracts of root bark (IC50=1.97µg/ml; SI>32.49) and leaves (IC50=2.65µg/ml; SI>24.15). Three samples displayed good activity against T. cruzi: the 80% methanol extract of leaves (IC50=8.33µg/ml; SI>3.92), its petroleum ether fraction (IC50=8.50µg/ml; SI=2.52) and the crude aqueous extract of the stem bark (IC50=9.31µg/ml; SI=3.46). The crude aqueous extract of the leaves exhibited a pronounced and selective activity against L. infantum (IC50=2.00µg/ml; SI>32). The crude methanol extract of leaves (IC50=6.35µg/ml; SI>10.10) and the 2 dichloromethane soluble fractions of the 80% ethanol extracts from root bark (IC50=6.96µg/ml; SI=6.1) and stem bark (IC50=8µg/ml; SI>8.00) showed good activity and selectivity against L. infantum. The most active samples against Plasmodium falciparum K1 were the leaves crude 80% ethanol extract (0.92µg/ml) and its fractions: alkaline aqueous (IC50=0.27µg/ml), 90% methanol (0.90µg/ml) and dichloromethane (1.04µg/ml), respectively, with promising selectivity indexes of 35<SI<237. None of all the tested crude extracts and fractions was found to be cytotoxic against MRC-5 cell lines except the petroleum ether soluble fraction from the leaves which displayed a cytotoxic effect (CC50=21.40µg/ml). ConclusionOverall, extracts of I. hexaloba tested here, showed good results concerning parasitic infections such as Chagas' disease, leishmaniasis, malaria and/or sleeping sickness without considerable toxicity. The 80% ethanol extracts from leaves and their fractions turned out to be of special interest as they were the most useful in the treatment of malaria.

Evaluation of cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of different fractions of methanolic extract of Baccaurea ramiflora (Lour.) fruits

Chloroform and petroleum ether soluble fractions of the crude methanolic extract of the fruits of Baccaurea ramiflora (Lour.) have been investigated for the evaluation of cytotoxic and antioxidant activity. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity and free radical scavenging activity method was used to evaluate antioxidant activity. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the chloroform soluble fraction showed greater cytotoxic activity (LC50 value 74.2 µg/ml) than petroleum ether soluble fraction (LC50 value 129 µg/ml) compared to the standard drug vincristine sulfate (LC50 value 0.54 µg/ml). In free radical scavenging activity method (DPPH assay method), the chloroform soluble fraction showed greater antioxidant activity (IC50 value 49.78 µg/ml) than petroleum ether soluble fraction (IC50 value 75.31 µg/ml) compared to the standard antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (IC50 value 24.51µg/ml). This study reveals that Baccaurea ramiflora fruit possesses cytotoxic and antioxidant activity hence can be a potential source for the isolation of active principle(s) for different therapies.International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, May 2015, 4(6): 386-389

ГРУППОВОЙ СОСТАВ ЭКСТРАКТОВ ИЗ КРОНЫ ЛИСТВЕННИЦЫ СИБИРСКОЙ ЛЕТНЕГО И ОСЕННЕГО СБОРОВ

The results of extractive compounds contain research in the different parts of the Siberian larch crown (needles, bark, wood part of twigs) collected in summer and autumn and fallen-down needles are presented. The extractive compounds and essential oils contains extracted by organic solvents (petroleum and diethyl ethers, ethyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol) are detected. It is defined that the Siberian larch needles contain less extractive compounds (extracted by petroleum and diethyl ethers) than fir spruce needles, Scotch pine needles and Siberian fir needles, but they may be compared by isopropanol soluble extractives. The main quantity of the essential oils and extractives soluble in petroleum and diethyl ethers, ethyl acetate is detected in twig bark. Autumn collected needles and twigs extractives contain (extracted by all solvent kinds) increase, contain of essential oils is decrease.The group composition of the isopropyl alcohol extractives of all kinds of raw materials and the group composition of petroleum and diethyl ethers extracts are presented. The main part of the isopropanol extract is petroleum ether soluble fraction (lipophilic fraction). The twig bark lipophilic fraction (of the isopropanol extract) consists of free acids for 60%, twig wood part collected in summer and autumn twigs lipophilic fractions consist of free acids for 50%, the lipophilic fractions of summer needles and fallen-down needles consist of neutral compounds for 70%. The main part of diethyl ether extract (obtained from isopropanol extract) of the all kinds of raw materials consists of phenolic acids (substances which may be extracted by aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate). Summer needles and fallen-down needles diethyl ether extracts consist of substances which may be extracted by aqueous caustic for 28% and 40%.The main content of the diethyl ether neutral compounds is detected in fallen-down needles. It is 25%.

The diterpenes ovoideal A-G from Tirpitzia ovoidea.

Seven new diterpenes, named ovoideal A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), E (5), F (6) and G (7), have been isolated along with eleven known diterpenes 8–18 from the petroleum ether soluble fraction of an ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Tirpitzia ovoidea. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated primarily by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, as well as by the HR-ESI-MS spectrometry. All compounds were isolated from the Linaceae family for the first time. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of compounds 1, 3–5, 8–18 was evaluated against the Hela, HepG2 and K562 cell lines. Among them, compounds 3, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18 showed moderate inhibitory activities.

Identification of Organonitrogen Compounds in Petroleum Ether-soluble Fraction from a High-temperature Coal Tar

A high-temperature coal tar collected from Xuzhou Coking Plant, Saint-Gobain Pipelines (Xuzhou) Co., Ltd. was extracted with petroleum ether (PE) under ultrasonic irradiation and in a Soxhlet extractor. The residue was then extracted with methanol in the Soxhlet extractor. All the extracts were analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). More than 250 organic compounds were detected in the PE-soluble fraction, but no GC/MS-detectable species (GC/MS-DSs) in the methanol-soluble but PE-insoluble fraction, indicating that all the GC/MS-DSs were extracted as PE. The GC/MS-DSs include various nitrogen-containing ones, many of which were seldomly reported. Nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NCOCs) detected are aniline, indole, quinoline, isoquinoline, methylquinolines, naphthonitriles, 8-(dimethyl-amino)-1-naphthonitrile, 3-methylindazole, acridine, benzoquinoline, benzoacridine, benzoisoquinolines, carbazole, methylcarbazole, phenanthridine, (Z)-N-(1-phenylethylidene)methanamine, benzocarbazoles, acenaphthopyridine and 2-methylcarbazole. Understanding molecular composition of the NCOCs in coal tar is important for developing an effective coal tar separation process.