Petrol Pump Research Articles

Petrol Pumps to Power Plugs: Is the Surge in Electric Two-Wheeler Adoption in Kathmandu Due to Unstable Petroleum Prices?

Since the dawn of the 21st century, the awareness towards environmental concern and sustainability slowly began to rise and the “Electric Wave” truly encompassed the world with electric automobiles. Nepal was no exception to this global electric wave. This research explores a key determinant behind this transition, the influence of fluctuating petroleum price. Using secondary data obtained from registrations of electric and petroleum two-wheelers at the Transport Management Office in Kathmandu, under the Ministry of Labor, Employment, and Transport as well as historical petrol prices over the past 4 years from 2019 to 2023, this research seeks to offer valuable insights into the connection between petrol prices and the adoption of electric vehicles in Kathmandu, Nepal. Using SPSS software, a linear regression analysis was conducted and it revealed that while petroleum prices played a role, they were not the sole determinant affecting adoption. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable transportation choices and their drivers. It provides valuable insights for policymakers, consumers, and industry stakeholders, as it underscores the influence of fuel prices on consumer choices and the potential for electric two-wheelers to become a viable alternative in the context of Kathmandu’s urban transport.

Decomposition of Polythene by Bacteria Isolated from Waste Disposal Sites in Gusau City

The accumulation of polythene can be hazardous and can cause various environmental problems. This work was aimed at studying the biodegradation of polythene by bacteria isolated from waste disposal areas in North West, (Zamfara state) Nigeria. A total of twenty soil samples were collected from four different locations, such as waste disposal areas, hospitals, roadsides, and petrol pumps station. Spread plate method was carried out on Nutrient agar for the growth of bacteria. A total of 13 bacteria were isolated from different areas. The total bacteria count in hospital ranged from 80 × 10-4 - 248 × 10-4 cfu/mL, roadsides ranged from 116 × 10-4 - 208 × 10-4 cfu/mL, petrol pump ranged from 88 × 10-4 - 184 × 10-4 cfu/mL and waste disposal areas ranged from 116 × 10-4 - 264 × 10-4 cfu/mL. The microbial species associated with the polythene materials were identified as Pseudomonas sp, Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Providencia stuartii, Clostridium perfringes, Corynebacterium diphtheria, Listeria monocytogen. The bacteria isolates were screened for polyethylene degradation using mineral salt medium containing polyethylene as sole source of carbon and nitrogen for their ability to degrade polyethylene for the period of 2 months. The efficacy of the microbes in the degradation of polythene were analyzed using liquid culture method, among the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa degraded 75% of polythene, Bacillus subtilis 71.4% in a period of 2 months.

Advancing real-time fuel classification with novel multi-scale and multi-level MHOG and light gradient boosting machine

Accurately classifying petrol and diesel fuel using an image processing method is crucial for fuel-related industries such as petrol pumps, refineries, and fuel storage facilities. However, distinguishing between these fuels using traditional methods can be challenging due to their similar visual characteristics. This article introduces a novel multi-scale and multi-level modified histogram of oriented gradients (MHOG) feature descriptors for robust classification of fuel images. Our proposed method involves extracting distinctive features from the images using the novel multi-scale and multi-level MHOG feature descriptor. These features are then utilized to train a range of machine learning classifiers with different hyperparameter settings for an ablation study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ablation study for this fuel classification application. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we conduct experiments on a carefully labeled dataset consisting of petrol and diesel fuel images. The results demonstrate the high accuracy of our proposed method, achieving a classification accuracy of 98% using the light gradient boosting machine (LGBM). Furthermore, our method surpasses existing state-of-the-art techniques for fuel image classification. With its superior performance, this approach holds great potential for efficient and effective fuel classification in diverse fuel-related industries.

Study of petrol degrading bacteria and screening for biosurfactants

Petroleum-based products when mixed with soil, air and water can lead to environmental pollution which can be dangerous for humans. In the current study, soil samples from the petrol unloading area of a petrol pump were collected and nine isolates of petrol degrading bacteria were isolated from the soil by enrichment technique using Bushnell and Hass media. The isolated bacteria could degrade up to 5% petrol and the best degraders were chosen after evaluating their cell mass when grown in the presence of petrol. The percentage of petrol degraded after different intervals of incubation was compared using a UV-vis double beam spectrometer at 228 nm. It was found that the two bacteria - Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia degraded petrol 94.96% and 94.74%, respectively, by day 15 of incubation. The percentage degradation gradually decreased by day 20. Both bacteria were also screened for the production of biosurfactants through haemolysis. It was found that both the bacteria could produce biosurfactant along with them being a potent petrol degrader.

IOT Based Cashless Petrol Pump

The integration of IoT technology with petrol pumps has revolutionized the fueling industry, introducing efficient, secure, and convenient payment methods. This abstract presents an IoT-based cashless petrol pump system utilizing RFID cards for streamlined transactions. Customers authenticate themselves by tapping their RFID cards on readers connected to a central IoT platform, which verifies and authorizes transactions in real-time. The system supports multiple payment methods linked to RFID cards, ensuring flexibility for users. Security measures like data encryption and robust authentication protocols safeguard transactions. The IoT infrastructure enables remote monitoring and management of petrol pumps, facilitating predictive maintenance and targeted marketing strategies. Overall, this system offers a seamless and secure fueling experience, aligning with digital transformation trends in the automotive industry.

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBON DEGRADING BACTERIA FROM SOIL

Ten aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria were isolated from petrol contaminated petrol pump sites in the Parbhani district. Based on a high growth rate on hydrocarbon degradation ability, three strains were selected from the ten isolated strains for further study. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that these isolated strains belonged to genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, & Staphylococcus. Among the three isolates, Pseudomonas strain was the most effective in degrading petrol. The results obtained in this study were indicates that Pseudomonas strain could degrade a wide range of hydrocarbons as well as some recalcitrant hydrocarbon components, and can be applied for bioremediation process.

Assessment of Hepato-Renal Biomarkers in Petrol Pump Attendants: Impact of Protective Gear Usage

Background: Petrol Pump attendants (PPA) in India wear a variety of safety gear, including as overalls, masks, and gloves. It is still entirely unknown if they can effectively protect vulnerable organs like the liver and kidney. The study's objective is to examine the hepato-renal axis' biochemical characteristics in PPA employees who wore protective gear while on duty and those who did not.
 Methods: The research population was divided into three Groups. Group A consisted of 15 adults male PPAs who had consistently implemented protective measures when administering petroleum products. 32 PPA who did not wear protective gear made up Group B. A total of twenty-eight male adults who had not been exposed to petroleum products made up Group C, the control Group. For PPA selected for the research, a minimum of five years of exposure was required. Through the administration of a questionnaire, data on worker safety was gathered about the usage of self-protective gear as a standard safety procedure for personal protection. To evaluate biochemical indicators of hepato-renal functioning, serum was used. Both the Student's t test and the analysis of variance were used to find statistical differences. It was deemed significant at p 0.05.
 Results: ALP, AST, ALT, creatinine, urea, albumin, and total protein activities or levels in both Group A and Group B were substantially different from control (Group C), suggesting liver impairment.
 Conclusion: Data from this study indicate that none of the three protective gear options employed by PPA in Group B significantly decreased exposure.

Impact of Surrounding Infrastructure on Urban Environment: A Case Study of Karachi Metropolitan

Urban environment carries complex land-use and land cover (LULC), similarly Karachi as a metropolitan have multifaceted LULC and compact infrastructure. This study seeks to assess the impact of infrastructure of urban environment at mega city Karachi Pakistan. Approximately, fifteen different locations of metropolitan with different surroundings were evaluated based on the studied variables of surrounding such as temperature, humidity, formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) pollution, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in air i.e., air quality, maximum noise pollution and minimum noise pollution were investigated. The readings have been collected through relevant instruments and the results have been generated through interpolation in ArcMap 10.8. The obtained results revealed that the physical factors affect the temperature and humidity conditions of the study area. While environmental and noise pollution depends on the surroundings, e.g. industrial surrounding effects on air quality, i.e. 180 recorded at industrial region of Korangi, while construction sites are catalysts of noise pollution and highest noise pollution are recorded at North-Nazimabad. Cancer causing substance, i.e. formaldehyde found along the petrol pumps, airports and transportation junctions ranges up to 0.99 ppm near Jinnah International airport and mass transit location of Shahrah e Faisal. While total volatile compound pollution has been found along the Malir catchment area, i.e. 0.4 mg/m3. The lifestyle of Karachiites need to be transform there is a dire need to think about physical and mental concord of the citizens of metropolitan. Similarly, government should play some positive actions and introduced green and environmental friendly technology to control air and noise pollution.

Evaluation of the Consequences and Implications of the Domestic Petrol Pump Price Increase in Nigeria by the Bola Tinubu Administration

With the emergence of the Bola Tinubu administration on May 29, 2023 in Nigeria, one of the first policies embarked upon was the removal of fuel subsidy and subsequent increase of domestic pump price of petrol to an average of N600.00/liter. This has resulted in massive hue and cry on the social media, where some have alleged that the fuel subsidy is indeed a lie, while others have insinuated and alleged that the recent increase of the pump price of petrol is at the instance of the advice by World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). However, it is believed that Government exists to make policies for the common good of the people it governs and to manage the satisfaction of the Political, Economic and Social concerns of the economy. Since governance has to do with the people and their welfare, it requires a good leader who is capable of listening to the people in addition to being aided by capable institutions with expertise and capacity with well trained personnel. Is this the case in Nigeria? It is believed that extant policy advice to developing economies by International organizations are based on quantitative tools and paradigms that are either subjective or are partial in their analysis and therefore their prescriptions become counter-productive and self-defeating. This study is a bold attempt to use the total differential systems modeling approach (ecostatometrics) to analyze the true consequences and implications of the new policy of domestic petrol pump price increase on the Nigerian economy as a whole. The result is that the whole economy will be depressed given the two options considered. Output of all sectors will fall and all incomes and consumption will also fall. Inflation will be astronomical and the economy will not grow due to the policy and many Nigerians may die as a result. To ameliorate the situation, Government should embark on massive investments, build

Effect of Occupational exposure to Gasoline on Reproductive and Thyroid hormones among male Petrol station attendants in Kwara State

Introduction: Petrol fume contain organic compounds that have been suggested to be endocrine disruptors. There is paucity of data on petrol fume-linked health challenges in Nigeria. Thus, we evaluated the effects of petrol fume exposure on blood levels of reproductive and thyroid hormones among petrol pump station attendants in Kwara state, Nigeria.
 Material and Methods: Eighty (80) petrol station attendants and fifty (50) non-occupationally exposed subjects were recruited as controls. Anthropometric indices were taken and fasting blood samples were collected after signing the consent form. Free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were evaluated using standard techniques.
 Results: Average age and BMI of petrol fume-exposed subjects are 27.40±0.419 and 24.98±0.254 respectively and was not different from controls. Elevated FT3 and FT4 were evaluated with a decreased TSH level in the exposed group when compared with controls. In contrast, FSH, LH and testosterone were significantly reduced in exposed group when compared with control.
 Conclusion: The result of this study shows that petrol fume toxicants adversely alter thyroid and gonadal functions thereby modulating circulating levels of reproductive and thyroid hormones in male petrol station attendants in Kwara state.

Association Between Quality of Life and Cardio Respiratory Fitness in Petrol Pump Workers in Ahmedabad City

Association Between Quality of Life and Cardio Respiratory Fitness in Petrol Pump Workers in Ahmedabad City

Analysis of public facility (Petrol Pump Station) localization by using Geographic Information System (GIS). Case study: Ayer Hitam - Batu Pahat, Johor

The number of vehicles on the road today is increasing due to rapid urbanisation, which necessitates increased fuel consumption. As a result, a Petrol Pump Station (PPS) is an important location that serves people in need of fuel. This study evaluates these PPS within the Batu Pahat District with the goals of determining the existence of PPS distribution along the main road from Ayer Hitam to Batu Pahat, Johor, with a focus on Jalan Batu Pahat and Jalan Kluang, using a map and digitising in GIS software. The study also aims to use the Network Analysis method to analyse the localization of the existence of PPS in the study area. The study used Quantum GIS (QGIS) as an open-source application. Field surveys were used to collect data for the study, and the coordination for each PPS was acquired using a handled Global Positioning System (GPS) device, as well as other information such as the type of company, the number of pumps, the type of fuel, and the access facility provided. Maps and tables were used to present the results. The study’s findings are then expected to aid authorities and the community in the study area in planning to locate and identify PPS based on their proximity to PPS.

Fuel Delivery Application

Abstract: The growing concern and importance of fuel assistance in the transportation sector have led to the development of an online platform called Fuel Delivery Application. This Android platform aims to provide a safe, reliable, and efficient delivery service for gasoline and diesel to users vehicles, whether they are in urban or rural settings. The application utilizes the GPS sensor of mobile devices to determine the user’s location and employs the K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) algorithm, a popular machine learning algorithm, to find the nearest petrol pump. When a user finds themselves stranded on the road due to a lack of fuel, the Fuel Delivery Application becomes a crucial service to rely on. Instead of worrying about finding a nearby petrol pump, users can simply use the application to request the desired fuel to be delivered to their location. The system ensures that the real cost of the fuel is charged, and additional fuel delivery fees are added accordingly

Fuel Monitoring System

Abstract: In recent times, there has been a significant increase in the number of vehicles, particularly those running on fuel. Unfortunately, the rising fuel prices have led to instances where some petrol pump owners attempt to deceive their customers. They manipulate the fuel data or display incorrect information when customers request fuel filling. To address this problem, we have developed a solution called the Smart Fuel Meter, which accurately measures the amount of fuel dispensed into the vehicle's tank and calculates the corresponding cost based on the current fuel price. The Smart Fuel Meter incorporates Internet of Things (IoT) technology, utilizing components such as the ESP12E and an embedded system to enable efficient fuel quantity measurement and fraud detection. To enhance user accessibility and transparency, we have also implemented a web-based interface that allows customers to view real-time data regarding the actual volume of fuel dispensed and the associated cost. This web application updates the fuel price regularly, ensuring accurate cost calculations based on the latest fuel prices.

Susceptibility Modeling for Potential Fire Risk Zone in Semi-Urban Area

Fires inflict major losses in global forest resources as well as human lives and property. Forest fires and their tendencies have increased in recent years in Nepal that, necessity for adequate management actions. The fire risk zone is identified with the origin of the ignitions and the pattern of their occurrence, as well as by shared environmental variables that translate into the same risk potential. To reduce the detrimental impacts of fire, several strategies for preventing and combating fires have been implemented based on identified potential fire risk zone. The work is carried out in Shambhunath Municipality, Saptari. In this study, spatial modeling with integration of MCE, fuzzy and AHP is applied for susceptibility assessment for identifying the potential fire risk zone. In fire risk assessment index map shows that 21.14 percent of municipality extent land occurred in the fire risk in which the distribution of the high risk occupied 0.01 percent, medium risk, 0.49 percent, low risk 20.64 percent and remaining 79 percent land free from fire risk. The high risk of potential fire zone were identified along the east west highway surrounding to the high voltage transmission route and petrol pump location. Likewise, potential high risk of forest fire also found in the dense forest area in elevation greater than 400m.

GEOSPATIAL APPROACH FOR PETROL PUMPS VALUATION WITH URBAN PREDICTION MODELLING BY CELLULAR AUTOMATA IN CREEDS OF METROPOLITAN EXPANSE

Abstract. The research demonstrated the spatial analysis of site suitability using physical parameters in the Metropolitan expanse that requires environmental safety and sustainability. The location of petrol filling stations that are already developed without following any standard criteria is drastic. This research finds out the level of compliance of petrol pumps to set standards for distances and location in Lahore Metropolitan Corporation. 195 petrol pumps were sampled and eight standard criteria were developed. Which were used to perform site suitability analysis using Analytical Hierarchy Process technique. The results revealed that 88% of petrol pumps in the study area meet the standard criteria while 12 % did not meet the criteria due to improper planning of the management. Furthermore, by incorporating all the essential factors for petrol pumps suitable sites and spatial prediction of urban sprawl using Cellular automata have been developed. Therefore, this study also indicates the LULC pattern of metropolitan area with past and present existence of LULC feature. On the basis of past and present trends the future prediction has been performed using cellular automata modelling to observed the future scenario of urban development’s patterns. The prediction of future builtup pattern results are very alarming and need serious concentration regarding future road map. The study showed that geographic information system is essential tool that can assist decision and policy makers for a new development project to take appropriate measures.

The Impact of the German Fuel Discount on Prices at the Petrol Pump

Abstract This paper investigates the price impact of the fuel discount in Germany, which was introduced between June and August 2022 to partially compensate increased energy costs. Using the augmented synthetic control method (ASCM) to construct the counterfactual, we provide quantitative evidence to the heated debate concerning the impact of this policy tool and find the fuel discount to have decreased consumer prices of petrol (diesel) by at least 0.30 euro per litre (0.10 euro per litre) on average. The results are robust to various sensitivity checks. Thus, oil companies and petrol stations decreased prices for consumers and passed on about 85 % (65 %) of the discount in case of petrol (diesel). Moreover, we do not find signs of excessive price increases in anticipation of the fuel discount.

ASSESSMENT OF HAEMATOLOGICALAND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN PETROL PUMP WORKERS IN AMRITSAR, PUNJAB- A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Petrochemical workers are exposed to many noxious substances present in their work places. The most dangerous effects are due to benzene which is mostly found in petrochemical vapours. The study was carried out in the Pathology department, Govt Medical College, Amritsar. 100 Petrol pump workers from different areas of the city were included as study group and 50 individuals from various departments in Government Medical College, Amritsar, were included as control group. Whole blood samples of the subjects were taken and analysed for complete blood count, liver function tests and renal function tests. The results showed statistically signicant increase in values of hematocrit, MCV, RDW, MPV, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, Blood Urea, S. Creatinine, S. Uric Acid, Random blood sugar and statistically signicant decrease in values of MCH, MCHC, Platelet count, TSP, DSP with increased duration of exposure and in comparison to controls. However, there is seen statistically signicant increase in Hb, red blood cell count in initial years of exposure with subsequent decrease in their value after increased duration of exposure. There is seen neutropenia and lymphocytosis with PBF examination showing macrocytic RBC picture with no signicant difference in values of TLC, mid cell counts, PDW, PCT, S. Bilirubin (total and direct), S. Na+, PT, PTI with increased duration of exposure. The results of above parameters indicates that exposure to gasoline compounds over a long period of time may be the causative factor of hematotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

Diversity and Distribution of Potential Biosurfactant Producing Bacillus Sp MN 243657, GC-MS Analysis and its Antimicrobial Study

Biosurfactants are microbially produced surface-active compounds. They are amphiphilic molecules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. The demand for biosurfactants has been exponentially growing as they are nontoxic and biodegradable. They have different applications in several industrial sectors. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the native bacteria which produce biosurfactants from oil contaminated soil of different places in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India. The soil samples were collected from petrol pumps and workshops where the soil is contaminated with petrol, diesel and oil. The bacteria were isolated from contaminated soil samples and confirmed as Bacillus sp.The cultures were screened for biosurfactant production by different screening techniques such as blood hemolysis, oil spreading assay, emulsification ability assay, bacterial adherence to hydrocarbons activity. The potential biosurfactant producing culture was selected and identified using molecular techniques and submitted to NCBI Gene Bank (MN 243657 – Bacillus sp). The selected bacterial culture was used for biosurfactant production and these were characterized by UV, TLC, FTIR and GC -MS analysis. The derived biosurfactant's Rf value was 0.68 as determined by a TLC chromatogram. In a UV-visible spectroscopy study, the isolated biosurfactant displayed a highest peak at 415 nm. According to FTIR analysis, the isolated biosurfactant displayed an intense peak at 3340 cm -1. The large peaks of the biosurfactant were observed at various retention times of 12.75, 10.22, 4.98, and 3.87, respectively, after GC-MS analysis. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of the biosurfactant was identified against pathogenic bacteria such as P.aeruginosa, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus and fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus.

PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST ABNORMALITIES AMONG PETROL PUMP WORKERS IN DAHOD SMART CITY GUJARAT

The response of the human lungs to exposure to various particles like seen in atmospheric pollution, work place, various gases, have been studied in different populations by various studies. The pollution level in DAHOD Smart city is moderate.To understand the effect of petrol and diesel vapours on lungs in persons working at petrol pump stations through Spirometry.This study was conducted at 25 Petrol pumps. Total participants were 250. Of these, 123 were workers [Group I] and 127 were ofce employees working in the pump stations [Group II]. Spirometry was successfully performed on 102 workers [Group I] and on 102 ofce employees [Group II] who were also used as healthy controls.The Spirometry values were signicantly reduced in participants working in the petrol pumps as compared to the controls. The reduction further increased with prolonged duration of exposure.This study concludes that the respiratory function declines in those persons working in petrol pumps due to constant exposure to petrol and diesel fumes and the degree of impairment increases with the duration of exposure