Petrochemical Enterprises Research Articles

Energy utilization efficiency evaluation model of refining unit Based on Contourlet neural network optimized by improved grey optimization algorithm

Currently the total energy demand quantity is already larger than the total supply quantity, and the structural contradiction is serious, how to improve energy utilization efficiency of petrochemical enterprises is a problem that should be solved quickly. In order to correctly evaluate the energy utilization efficiency of refinery and petrochemical enterprises, the construction method of constructing energy utilization efficiency evaluation model of refining unit in petrochemical enterprises is established based on proposed Contourlet neural network optimized by improved grey algorithm. The energy utilization efficiency evaluation index system is confirmed considering its impacts. The Contourlet neural network is constructed through using Contourlet as excitation function to improve the evaluation precision. The nonlinear change strategy of controlling parameter aof traditional grey wolf optimization algorithm is proposed, the Cubic chaotic value is used as the perturbation operator of location of grey wolf to generate the new solution, and the individual memory function of Cuckoo algorithm is introduced to improve the location updating algorithm, and then the improved grey wolf optimization algorithm has better global optimization capability that is used to optimize the parameters of Contourlet neural network. The evaluation analysis of energy utilization efficiency for 250 devices for removing sulphur alcohol of liquefied gas is carried out. Results show that the proposed evaluation model has best evaluation efficiency and precision. In addition, the proposed evaluation model has highest evaluation precision of energy utilization efficiency of refinery and petrochemical enterprises. The evaluation results can effectively evaluate the energy utilization level of petrochemical enterprises, which can offer favorable theoretical basis of establishing the energy saving measurements for petrochemical enterprises.

Stochastic optimization based on a novel scenario generation method for midstream and downstream petrochemical supply chain

Abstract A two-stage mixed integer linear programming model (MILP) incorporating a novel method of stochastic scenario generation was proposed in order to optimize the economic performance of the synergistic combination of midstream and downstream petrochemical supply chain. The uncertainty nature of the problem intrigued the parameter estimation, which was conducted through discretizing the assumed probability distribution of the stochastic parameters. The modeling framework was adapted into a real-world scale of petrochemical enterprise and fed into optimization computations. Comparisons between the deterministic model and stochastic model were discussed, and the influences of the cost components on the overall profit were analyzed. The computational results demonstrated the rationality of using reasonable numbers of scenarios to approximate the stochastic optimization problem.

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION PROCESS ORGANIZATION IN THE RESOURCE SAVING SYSTEM OF PETROCHEMICAL ENTERPRISES

The relevance of this study is determined by the fact that the issues of resource-saving technology implementation in the petrochemical complex have not been fully addressed yet and require further study and systematization of the determining factors, which is especially important on the back of the emergence and development of green industries and the digital economy in Russia. The purpose of the article is to identify the factors of the resource saving system and the extent, to which digital technologies are used by petrochemical enterprises. The main research methods underlying the article include the method of description used to identify trends in the waste production and consumption in petrochemical facilities; component analysis method, which helped to identify three groups of criteria factors affecting the resource saving system of the petrochemical industry, depending on the level of its digitalization; factor analysis method used to compile the indicators of digital technologies application in the petrochemical complex into three groups; and production function modeling for the petrochemical industry, taking into account the digital physical and digital human capital. The paper analyzes the resource saving system in the Russian petrochemical complex; the resource saving system of the petrochemical industry has been modeled, depending on the level of its digitalization; also the study provides a production function model for the petrochemical industry, which may be used to model the parameters and the resulting indicators of the resource saving system in the petrochemical industry. The information contained in the article can be used to develop strategies and programs aimed at the improvement of the resource-saving system efficiency in petrochemical enterprises, taking into account the requirements for production digitalization and the ratio of digital physical to digital human capital.

Uncertainty Analysis on Process Organized Emission Inventory in Petrochemical Enterprises of Hainan Province

The study qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated the uncertainty of the emission inventory of SO2, NOx, particulate matter (PM) and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) based on the measurement method in the process of organized sources in eight typical petroleum refining enterprises in Hainan Province in 2017. According to the TRACE-P inventory grading, the activity level data uncertainty was between I and II, and the emission factor rating was roughly C-level. The qualitative assessment of the emission inventory is “good”. The Monte Carlo simulation model was used to quantitatively evaluate the uncertainty. The results show that the uncertainties in emission inventory of SO2, NOx, PM and NMVOCs are ±2.9%, ±6.3%, ±7.6% and ±13.7%, respectively, with the highest uncertainty in NMVOCs emissions. The study on emission inventory uncertainty will help decision makers to scientifically formulate air pollutant control strategies for the accessibility of pollutant emission reduction targets of petrochemical enterprises and guide the improvement of emission inventory and data collection.

Современные подходы к оценке эффективности инновационных проектов в области утилизации газовых выбросов нефтехимических производств

The relevance of the economic issues discussed in the article is due to the high degree of interest of developed countries in the implementation of innovative projects. A competent approach to the analysis and evaluation of their economic indicators is the guarantee of their success. The article is devoted to the study of the analysis of existing approaches to assessing the economic efficiency of investment projects related to the introduction of innovations. The authors consider the key economic indicators of investment projects on the example of the implementation of innovative technology for the catalytic utilization of gas emissions from petrochemical enterprises. The descriptive-comparative, mathematical-statistical and economic methods for evaluating the results of the analysis of innovation performance indicators are used in the article.

Model of Green Evaluation Index of Petrochemical Enterprises by Consistency AHP

AHP can be easily influenced by human subjective consciousness, which may lead to inconsistencies. So it is necessary to process AHP with mathematics methods to achieve logical compatibility. In this paper, the evaluation index model of petrochemical enterprises is constructed according to the improved consistency AHP method, so as to perform comprehensive evaluation for enterprises and strengthen the environmental pollution control. Based on the specific characteristics of petrochemical enterprises, the relevant green index model is established after the specific theoretical framework of index scoring, hierarchy and synthesis of indexes is perfected, and the indexes of green characteristics are decomposed. In order to realize the scientificity of index transfer, the power exponent with case analysis is used to calculate the specific values of indexes in this paper, and the scientifically evaluated green index which is easy to be compared is calculated, which provides the basis for policies of environmental protection in petrochemical industry.

THE ECONOMIC LOSSES CONDITIONED BY MORBIDITY OF TEMPORARY DISABILITY IN WORKERS OF OIL-PROCESSING ENTERPRISE

The article presents data concerning economic and medial social losses related to temporarily disability of workers of petrochemical enterprise. The analysis of data of morbidity of temporarily disability during 2013-2015 was implemented on the basis of the Private Institution "The Medical Sanitary Unit № 36" serving a large petrochemical enterprise. The economical public losses were calculated in rubles considering treatment expenses from budgets of all levels and foundations of mandatory medical insurance, payments of sick list, based on rate and duration of temporarily disability, unproduced gross regional product. The comparison of intensive indices according gender signs were implemented using Student criterion and extensive indices using χ2-criterion. It is established that in 2013-2015 the level of morbidity according number of cases of temporarily disability per 100 working persons was equal to 57.33±4.37 and according number of days of temporarily disability - 672.19±45.76. In 2015, intensive indices of morbidity as compared with 2013, decreased in cases on 14,1% and in days on 5.4%. The average annual losses made up to 216 347.4 thousand of rubles. At that, quantity of losses related to temporarily disability in males was 1.3 times higher than temporarily disability in females. The greatest input into economical losses was conditioned by unproduced gross regional product (53.9%). The benefits payments due to temporarily disability comprised 25.4%, hospital treatment expenses - 12,7%, out-patient care - 5.5%, day hospital treatment - 2.1%, emergence medical care support - 0.9% from total amount of economic losses. The analysis demonstrated significance of losses both for workers and business and public society in general. It can be useful for development of strategies of allocation of resources and establishment of priorities in health care.

Determining efficiency of removal of dispersed phase from gases and modernization of scrubbers using high-performance packings

A solution to the problem of modeling the removal of a finely dispersed phase from stack gases and process gases at power engineering and petrochemical enterprises using a column apparatus filled with new highly efficient random and structured packings is considered.The use of diffusion and cell models of the flow structure for calculating a concentration profile of particles settling on a liquid fi lm in apparatuses filled with various packings is shown. Accounting for the deposition of finely dispersed particles from gases on the interfacial surface of the liquid fi lm flowing down along the packing is carried out using a bulk source of mass. The model of turbulent-inertial sedimentation of particles is adopted. The main parameters of the model are the coefficient of turbulent migration of particles to the fi lm surface on contact devices, a modified Peclet number with a backmixing coefficient, and the number of complete mixing cells. This approach can be generalized to a wide class of fi lm-type apparatuses for wet gas cleaning with the aim of designing them or choosing modernization options. Expressions are obtained for calculating the efficiency of aerosol separation on packings as well as the required depth of the packed bed for a given efficiency.Results of calculating the efficiency of gas purification from aerosols with the use of various types of packings in scrubbers as well as the required depth of the packed bed for a given efficiency are presented. A graphical dependence of the power spent on gas cleaning in apparatuses with different packings is given. Results of solving the production problem of cleaning pyrogas from coke and tar by circulating water in a modernized scrubber with new highperformance packings are shown.Expressions for calculating the rate of turbulent particle migration for random and structured packings as well as modified Peclet numbers are presented. A distinctive feature of these expressions is the calculation based on the known hydraulic resistance of contact devices.

Underground coal gasification and its strategic significance to the development of natural gas industry in China

Abstract Based on the present situation and trend of underground coal gasification in China and overseas, this article puts forward the basic concept, mechanism and mode of underground coal gasification, and presents the challenges, development potential and development path now faced. In China, underground coal gasification which is in accord with the clean utilization of coal can produce “artificial gas”, which provides a new strategic approach to supply methane and hydrogen with Chinese characteristics before new energy sources offer large-scale supply. Coal measure strata in oil-bearing basins are developed in China, with 3.77 trillion tons coal reserves for the buried depth of 1 000−3 000 m. It is initially expected that the amount of natural gas resources from underground coal gasification to be 272−332 trillion cubic meters, which are about triple the sum of conventional natural gas, or equivalent to the total unconventional natural gas resources. According to the differences of coal reaction mechanism and product composition of underground coal gasification, the underground coal gasification can be divided into three development modes, hydrogen-rich in shallow, methane-rich in medium and deep, supercritical hydrogen-rich in deep. Beyond the scope of underground mining of coal enterprises, petroleum and petrochemical enterprises can take their own integration advantages of technologies, pipeline, market and so on, to develop underground coal gasification business based on their different needs and technical maturity, to effectively exploit a large amount of coal resources cleanly and to alleviate the tight supply of natural gas. It can also be combined with using the produced hydrogen in nearby area and the CO2 flooding and storage in adjacent oil areas to create a demonstration zone for net zero emissions of petroleum and petrochemical recycling economy. It is significant for reserving resources and technologies for the coming “hydrogen economy” era, and opening up a new path for China’s “clean, low carbon, safe and efficient” modern energy system construction.

Аналіз сучасного стану забезпечення пожежної безпеки промислових будівель та складів

Проаналізовано світовий досвід у царині забезпечення пожежної безпеки промислових будівель та складів, що головно базується на огляді публікацій за останні 5 років, зокрема і тих, що індексуються в наукометричній базі Scopus. Актуальним завданням у царині пожежної безпеки є розвиток уявлення про можливі перспективні напрями розвитку систем протипожежного захисту промислових будівель та складів, що має базуватися на ґрунтовному аналізі світового досвіду у цій площині. Проаналізовано вплив чинників пожежної безпеки підприємств нафтохімічної промисловості, підземного зберігання дизельного палива, складів текстильної промисловості та складів тютюну з точки зору аспектів свідомості та обізнаності персоналу в царині пожежної безпеки, протипожежних об'єктів (об'єктових пожежно-рятувальних частин, добровільних пожежних команд тощо), управління пожежною безпекою та технічного забезпечення, а також наведено причинно-наслідковий аналіз цієї системи. Встановлено, що забезпечення пожежної безпеки підприємств ґрунтується на ефективному функціонуванні систем протипожежного захисту, а також принципах раннього виявлення пожеж шляхом застосування сучасних систем пожежної сигналізації. З'ясовано, що перспективи розвитку в окресленій проблематиці мають базуватися на застосуванні сучасних технологій, досконалості нормативно-технічної бази, а також застосуванні новітніх підходів до організації системи протипожежного захисту промислових будівель та складів.

Strategic marketing planning in the petrochemical market

The market of petrochemical products is a key segment of the Russian economic system, and its subjects play a key role in the formation of the revenue part of the state budget and the active balance of payments of the Russian Federation. Hydrocarbon raw materials are indispensable and having no alternative base of technological functioning of petrochemical enterprises. Oil and gas are irreplaceable strategic resources, so their rational use, deepening of processing, is a task of national scale. It is the transition from direct export of hydrocarbons to their deep processing, to the strategic development of oil and gas and petrochemical complexes that will minimise the dependence of the Russian economy on adverse fluctuations in the world market. In the current geopolitical conditions, the subjects of the market will have to move in line with the ongoing transformation of the industry, making maximum use of strategic marketing planning tools to strengthen their own market positions, adequate to the market of increasing production volumes, winning new markets, increasing sales of products with high added value.

Human factors of fire and explosion accidents in petrochemical enterprises

Human factor is one of main causes of fire and explosion accidents in petrochemical enterprises. In order to minimize the accident frequency and associated damage, a better understanding of the role played by human factor in such accident is prerequisite. In the present study, 212 accidents are collected and analyzed. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System‐Petrochemical Enterprise Fire and Explosion (HFACS‐PEFE) is established to examine the mechanism of human failure. The model indicates violations, intellectual limitations, inadequate supervision, and insufficient safety culture are the most important factors in causing fire and explosion accidents. Relationships between different human factors, which are involved in the HFACS‐PEFE framework, are identified by conducting chi‐square test and odds ratio (OR) analysis. Five accident development routes and corresponding probabilities are achieved. The route comprised of insufficient safety culture → inadequate supervision → intellectual limitations → violations is the easiest way to result in fire and explosion accidents. To avoid the occurrence of such accidents, direct and indirect measures are proposed to improve human performance. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog: e12043 2019

Thermal Decomposition and Nonisothermal Kinetics of Monoethanolamine Mixed with Various Metal Ions

Ethanolamine is a critical chemical for petrochemical enterprises. When corrosion occurs in pipelines, equipment, and containers in petrochemical enterprises, minute amounts of metal ions are released. In this study, the thermal decomposition and nonisothermal kinetics of monoethanolamine (MEA) and MEA mixed with copper and zinc ions were analyzed using thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The TG tests revealed that MEA mixed with copper (II) and zinc (II) began thermal decomposition at 75.2 and 60.3 °C, respectively, whereas pure MEA began thermal decomposition at 89.7 °C. Two exothermic peaks were observed in the DSC curves for MEA mixed with copper (II) and zinc (II), and thermokinetic parameters were obtained from DSC data. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of each stage was calculated using several nonisothermal kinetic methods, namely the ASTM E698, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, Starink, and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods. The Ea of pure MEA was 28.7 ± 2.5 kJ/mol, whereas that of the copper and zinc mixtures were 80.5 ± 1.1 and 46.8 ±1.7 kJ/mol, respectively. The results can be used to improve the intrinsic safety of storage tanks and petrochemical plants.

Fuzzy ridgelet neural network prediction model trained by improved particle swarm algorithm for maintenance decision of polypropylene plant

AbstractThe proper maintenance plan should be made for ensuring the safety and reliability of polypropylene plant and improve economic benefits of petrochemical enterprise. To meet the requirement, a novel maintenance prediction model of polypropylene plant based on fuzzy theory, ridgelet an artificial neural network is constructed. The economy and reliability models of polypropylene plant maintenance are established through comprehensively considering the reliability and economy. The basic structure of fuzzy ridgelet neural network is designed, and the training algorithm is improved through combining the traditional particle swarm algorithm and bacterial foraging algorithm, and the corresponding algorithm flow is confirmed. Finally, prediction simulation analysis is carried out using a polypropylene plant as research object, and analysis results show that the fuzzy ridgelet neural network has best prediction effect, and the optimal maintenance plan can be confirmed to ensure security and reduce maintenance cost of polypropylene plant.

Establishment of Pollutant Component Spectrum of Atmospheric Emission Sources in Typical Petrochemical Enterprises in Hainan Province

On the basis of investigating the production process of petrochemical enterprises, The components of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) of each emission link in two typical petrochemical enterprises in Hainan Province using adsorption tube adsorption-thermal desorption/gas chromatography were measured and studied. The sampling analysis was conducted on the wastewater treatment and organic waste gas collection device, isomerization device, product refining deodorization device, desulfurization and denitrification device, as well as the unorganized (ambient) air around the factory. Based on this, the NMVOCs component emission inventory and ozone formation potential were studied. The results show that the emission mass concentration of NMVOCs from the above-mentioned petrochemical enterprises in Hainan Province was rather high, at 33-627.9 mg/m3. A total of 21 types of NMVOCs were quantified, of which acetaldehyde, methanol and acetone were the three dominant substances. In addition, as major categories of photochemical pollutants in petrochemical enterprises, aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins were mainly shown as xylene, propylene and butane.

Study on the Pollutant Emissions Characteristics of Typical Petrochemical Enterprises in Hainan Province

Understanding the emissions characteristics of typical pollutant emissions sections in the petrochemical industry is the premise and basis for formulating targeted emissions reduction strategies. Through investigation and measurement, the emissions inventory in 2016 of eight typical petroleum refining enterprises and all petrol stations in Hainan Province were reasonably estimated. The results showed that volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from typical petroleum refineries was 4972.2 tons in 2016, with the most three process links being organized discharge, volatile loss of organic liquid loading and unloading and leakage of static and static points of equipment. VOC emissions from these three links were 2268.3 tons, 648.3 tons and 631.6 tons respectively, accounting for 45.6%, 13.0% and 12.7% of the total VOC emissions, respectively. The three sections need to be paid more attention. In 2016, 1757.6 tons of VOCs were discharged from 482 service stations in Hainan Province, and the economic loss can reach to 14.9 million RMB. Service stations of Hainan Province are suggested to install more efficient oil and gas recovery facilities.

Energy policy, market environment and the economic benefits of enterprises: evidence from China’s petrochemical enterprises

This paper studies the external impact of China’s energy policy and market environment changes and the internal impact of internal control and management on the economic benefits of petrochemical enterprises. From 2011 to 2015, China’s energy and economic policies were adjusted, and the market environment underwent major changes. This paper quantifies these two factors into indexes and combines them with the enterprise internal control index to apply them to the economic benefit model of petrochemical enterprises. Regression analysis has been used for positive analysis. The study finds that changes in China’s energy policy have played a guiding, regulating and promoting role in the development of petrochemical enterprises; the more restrictions the market environment imposes on petrochemical enterprises, the fewer economic benefits the petrochemical enterprises receive. Strengthening internal control in petrochemical enterprises can offset some unfavorable factors, and the economic benefits for downstream petrochemical enterprises are better than those for upstream ones. This paper reveals the effects of the energy policy action index, the market environment restriction index and the internal control index on the economic benefits of petrochemical enterprises. The policy recommendations are as follows: governments should improve the market environment and formulate policies that will benefit upstream petrochemical enterprises, especially oil and gas extraction enterprises, by raising product prices and increasing profit margins.

Express method for determining of organic substances matter in the production water of energy-technological complexes of thermal power plant – petrochemical enterprise

For a quantitative analysis of the organic matter content in the production waters of the energy-technological complexes of the Thermal Power Plant petrochemical enterprise, a simple, effective, affordable and very fast method was developed. Its essence is to determine the optical density at a 400 nm wavelength on a device such as a colorimeter. The correlation with the permanganate oxidation method is 98-99%. According to the presented method, the quantitative composition of organic substances in the alkaline spent regeneration solution of anion-exchange filters of the Thermal Power Plant (TPP) water treatment plant and in the return condensate from petrochemical enterprise was determined. For each water type, its own calibration schedule was constructed due to significant differences in the qualitative composition of organic impurities.

Technologies and Measures for Increasing Gasoline Production

As an important fuel energy source, gasoline plays a very important role in the national economy development of our country. Gasoline production increasing is a primary mission for petrochemical enterprises at present and even over a long period in the future to optimize production operation plan, adjust product slate, meet market demand and improve economic performance. This paper deeply analyzes and identifies gasoline production increasing potential of enterprises based on the practical production operation of C Company, considering the development progress and industrialized application of alkylation technology, isomerization technology, etherification technology, MTBE technology, residue hydrogenation technology, catalytic cracking and LCO hydro-upgrading-catalytic cracking combination technology at home and abroad. Additionally, this paper proposes constructive solutions for enterprises to further increase the production of gasoline, reduce diesel-gasoline ratio, optimize product slate, tap potentiality and increase efficiency and provides a reference for petroleum and petrochemical enterprises to establish slate adjustment development plan, on the basis of the long-term development plan of enterprises, aiming at “comprehensive utilization of resources by refining-chemical integration, increase gasoline blending components, increase the production of automobile gasoline and optimize product slate”, in the aspects of “plant operation scheme, catalyst grading scheme, production and processing scheme, plant slate adjustment and plant general process design”, etc.

Learning to Upsample Smoke Images via a Deep Convolutional Network

The flare, which aims to burn all kinds of waste gas produced by petrochemical enterprises, is an important facility for plants to keep safe and prevent harming the environment. However, when the exhaust gas is not sufficiently burned, black smoke will be produced in the flare system and endanger air quality and human health. So, as a crucial task, reducing the emission of flare black smoke is attracting a growing amount of research attention. In a typical flare smoke reduction system, a high-resolution smoke image is greatly beneficial to smoke recognition and analysis. But the smoke image usually encounters the low-resolution problem. Accordingly, in this paper we propose a super-resolution method specific for smoke images, which is called smoke images upsampling method (SIUM). Considering the texture and edge characteristics of the smoke images, the proposed SIUM learns a mapping between the low-resolution images and the associated high-resolution images. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed SIUM is prominently superior to relevant state-of-the-art technologies when applied to upsample low-resolution smoke images.