PET Fabrics Research Articles

Preparation and properties of shear thickening fluid (STF) capsule filled graded buffer composites

In this study, we prepared a graded buffer composite by using shear thickening fluid (STF) capsules, polyurethane (PU) foam, and low-melting point PET fabric or spacer fabric with improved energy absorption performance. Various graded buffer composites are fabricated including STF capsule/PU foam covered with PET fabric (SC/PU/PET-CM) and STF capsule/PU foam covered with warp-knitted spacer fabric (SC/PU/WKSF-CM). The thermal stability and the mechanical properties of the graded buffer composite were tested. After adding STF capsules, PU foam still has good thermal stability whose weight- loss temperature reaches 200 ℃; and the compression energy and buffer performance both increases. The compression energy of S4-STF/PU is 2.26 times than that of S4-PU and 5.65 times than that of pure PU foam. Among SC/PU/PET-CM samples, HP-STF/PU graded foam composite showed the lowest impact force (3833 N). Comparatively, among SC/PU/WKSF-CM samples, the buffer performance of S4-STF/PU shows the best, and the impact value is reduced to 3921 N, which is 848 N lower (17.7%) than that of PU foam. The composites can be used as an alternative material in the field of protection.

Novel antibacterial silver coating on PET fabric assisted with hollow‐cathode glow discharge

The silver‐coated fabrics are of much importance because of their outstanding antibacterial features and are useable in several medical and hygienic applications. The silver deposition on fabrics by conventional techniques is not feasible because of their high processing cost, long processing duration, complex equipment, and multiple steps processing (nanoparticle synthesis and subsequent deposition on fabrics). In this novel study, the antibacterial silver coating is deposited by using a hollow cathode discharge (HCD) capable of generating high‐density plasma, and thus it exhibits high‐efficiency processing. The silver is deposited on woven and non‐woven PET fabrics for various treatment times (10‐60 minutes), and their antibacterial performance against E. coli and S. aureus bacterial is tested. The XRD results verified the deposition of silver with (111) preferred orientation, while SEM analysis depicted the uniform/ homogeneous deposition of silver particles. The interfacial free energy of adhesion depicts that after the silver deposition on both fabrics, the surface is actively unfavorable for bacterial adhesion. The antibacterial test revealed that the silver‐coated woven and non‐woven PET fabrics exhibit exceptional antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. As the HCD technique is relatively cost‐effective, no need for specific sputtering targets, eco‐friendly, and require single‐step processing for silver deposition. Thus the results are expected to be of remarkable importance to prepare silver‐coated antibacterial fabrics useable in hospitals and other appropriate applications.

Hybrid Antibacterial and Electro-conductive Coating for Textiles Based on Cationic Conjugated Polymer.

The development of efficient synthetic strategies for incorporating antibacterial coatings into textiles for pharma and medical applications is of great interest. This paper describes the preparation of functional nonwoven fabrics coated with polyaniline (PANI) via in situ polymerization of aniline in aqueous solution. The effect of three different monomer concentrations on the level of polyaniline coating on the fibers comprising the fabrics, and its electrical resistivities and antibacterial attributes, were studied. Experimental results indicated that weight gains of 0.7 and 3.0 mg/cm2 of PANI were achieved. These levels of coatings led to the reduction of both volume and surface resistivities by several orders of magnitude for PANI-coated polyester-viscose fabrics, i.e., from 108 to 105 (Ω/cm) and from 109 to 105 Ω/square, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed the incorporation of PANI coating with an average thickness of 0.4–1.5 µm, while Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) demonstrated the preservation of the thermal stability of the pristine fabrics. The unique molecular structure of PANI, consisting of quaternary ammonium ions under acidic conditions, yielded an antibacterial effect in the modified fabrics. The results revealed that all types of PANI-coated fabrics totally killed S. aureus bacteria, while PANI-coated viscose fabrics also demonstrated 100% elimination of S. epidermidis bacteria. In addition, PANI-coated, PET-viscose and PET fabrics showed 2.5 log and 5.5 log reductions against S. epidermidis, respectively.

Preparation of tetrafluoro-λ6-sulfanyl bridged-bonding perfluoroalkyl phenylethyltrichlorosilane and its application on fabric finishing

In this study, one novel perfluoroalkyl silane with tetrafluoro-λ6-sulfanyl bridging group named 4-(Tridecafluorohexyl sulfur tetrafluoride) Phenylethyl trichlorosilane (PFSTS) was successfully synthesized via fluorination and hydrosilylation. The structure was characterized by FT-IR and NMR Then, the product and the control subject 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane (PFOTS) were finished onto PET fabrics through the method of dip-and-pad. The wettabilities of the treated PET fabrics were characterized by Water Contact Angles (WCA) and surface free energies measurements. X-ray Photo electron Spectroscopy (XPS) was used to validate the attachment, together with the chemical composition of the polymers on the surface of treated PET fabrics. The WCAs of PFOTS@PET and PFSTS@PET were 142.2°, 137.3°, while the WCA of untreated PET fabrics is 120° in general, indicating that PFTOS and PFSTS can provide good hydrophobicity by finishing PET fabrics. After the 48 h exposure to accelerated agingUV irradiation, sample of PFSTS@PET show a decreased CA value by 12.5% from 137.3° to 120.1°, while for sample of PFOTS@PET, the percentage of reductionis only 2.8%. It was found that the perfluoroalkyl trichlorosilane that containing –SF4– bridged group exhibited excellent water-repellency properties and had higher potential to UV degrade as possessing weak bond energy of C–S bond, so the PFSTS might act as an eco-friendly alternative to carbon-chain perfluoroalkyl derivatives in water-repellency areas.

Surface modification of PET fabric by plasma pre‐treatment for long‐lasting permethrin deposition

The mosquito‐transmitted diseases are of serious concern and are affecting several millions of peoples worldwide. Instead of medication afterward the disease initiated, self‐protection against the mosquito's is preferable, specifically in endemic areas. For this purpose, the permethrin coated clothing is a suitable choice to avoid mosquitos' bites. Unfortunately, the permethrin coating on fabrics is not long‐lasting, and its laundering resistance is very low on hydrophobic fabric. In this study, the effect of plasma surface modification of PET fabric on the adhesion of permethrin and its laundering resistance are evaluated. The plasma processing is carried out in nitrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen–oxygen mixture plasma. The samples are analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and chromatography. The results show that the oxygen plasma pre‐treated samples exhibit the higher residual contents of permethrin after 60 wash cycles as compared with other gasses. Without plasma pre‐treatment, the 95% loss, whereas the sample with oxygen plasma pre‐treatment shows that only 22% loss of initial concentration of permethrin occurs after washing. This study shows that plasma pre‐treatment is valuable to improve the absorption of permethrin in PET and its laundering‐resistance. As plasma treatment is a cost‐effective technique, it needs less processing time and eco‐friendly, thus it is a great choice to deposit long‐lasting permethrin coating by plasma pre‐treatment, instead of conventional binding agents. Remarkably, the plasma treatment technique is a well‐established and industrially acceptable technique, thus expected to be of noteworthy importance for insecticide garments manufacturers.

A single step approach of fabricating superhydrophobic PET fabric by using low pressure plasma for oil-water separation

Superhydrophobic surfaces play a significant role in functional materials which are the most important part of surface and interface science. Superhydrophobic materials for oil/water separation have become a worldwide research topic due to the industrial waste and oil leak causing environmental pollution. A single step, solvent free method to fabricate superhydrophobic surface seems to be challenging. The current study focuses on a new and advancement methodology to fabricate fluorine and silane free smart oil-recovery materials without adverse environmental consequences. A superhydrophobic PET fabric is fabricated by DC glow discharge oxygen plasma treatment which is a simple and quick method. The incorporation of functional groups to the PET fabric promoted the superhydrophobic nature of the fabric with the water contact angle of 163°. The as prepared fabric possess excellent repellency to water, milk, coffee and can be applied as an effective material for oil/water separation, protective garments, diaper pads and other medical and health supplies.

Nacre-mimetic CH/MMT fabrication coating on PET fabric for improving anti-dripping performance

PurposePET fiber is widely used in many fields, such as clothing and decorative materials. However, the high flammability and dripping problem restrict its applications. It is vital for PET fiber to overcome these two main drawbacks for practical applications.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper nacre-mimetic flame retardant coating of chitosan (CH) and Montmorillonite (MMT) was fabricated on PET fabrics through the layer-by-layer assembly method. The flame retardancy and anti-dripping performance of the treated PET fabric were investigated.FindingsThe results of limiting oxygen index (LOI) value and vertical burning test revealed the anti-dripping performance of PET fabrics which was greatly improved, while the flame retardancy has not been improved. The dripping phenomena was eliminated when the CH/MMT bilayers were over 5 BL. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) results revealed that nacre-mimetic coated CH/MMT bilayers on PET fabrics would promote the char formation both under nitrogen atmosphere and under air atmosphere indicating the obviously condensed phase flame retardant action. scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the char residues revealed that coated PET fabrics would promote the formation of char.Research limitations/implicationsHowever, the char was an unstable char which would further combust to change the thermal degradation and combustion process of PET fabric. Though PET fabric coated by this CH/MMT nacre-mimetic system had no flame retardancy, the anti-dripping performance was greatly improved. This research would provide experimental basis for improving the anti-dripping performance for thermoplastic materials.Originality/valueThis research is the original research for the flame retardant treatment by fabrication nacre-mimetic CH/MMT coating on PET fabric, which has not been reported previously. This research would provide experimental basis for improving the anti-dripping performance for thermoplastic polymer fabrics.

Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Surface Constructed from Hydrophilic Building Blocks: A Case Study of Core–Shell Polypyrrole-Coated Copper Nanoneedles

Hydrophilic polypyrrole-coated copper nanoneedles (PPy-CuNDs) were synthesized and utilized to construct a superhydrophobic surface on a polyethylene terephthalate fabric (PET) by using the spray-coating technique. The morphology of the as-synthesized PPy-CuNDs can be facilely tuned by changing the concentration of the reducing agent: hydrazine monohydrate. The CuNDs with well-defined nanocrystalline structures and nanoscale thick, rough PPy coating layers were formed simultaneously in one pot. The PPy-CuNDs self-assembled into an entangled, stacking nanocarpet on the surface of the PET fabric, and they eventually formed a reentrant surface texture similar to that of chrysanthemum leaves. The PPy-CuND-PET surface initially showed good superhydrophobic properties, but a fast transition from the superhydrophobic state to the highly adhesive state was observed. The underlying mechanism of this transition and its potential applications were proposed in the context.

Removal of disperse dye from alcoholysis products of waste PET fabrics by nitric acid-modified activated carbon as an adsorbent: Kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Decolorization technology is a critical problem of high-quality chemical recycling and recovery of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) textiles. In order to deal with this problem, nitric acid-modified activated carbon (AC-HNO3) was utilized as an adsorbent for removal of C.I. Disperse Red 60 (DR60) from the glycolysis products of waste PET fabrics. The glycolysis product was bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). The pore structure and surface properties of AC and AC-HNO3 samples were characterized by N2 adsorption, differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) and elemental analyses (EA). Modification with nitric acid increased the amount of oxygen groups of the activated carbon from 12.3% to 18.0% and enhanced the electrostatic attraction between dye molecules and activated carbon. The average color removal ratio of DR60 on AC-HNO3 increased into 97.6 ± 0.5%, which is better than that on raw AC (85.0 ± 1.6%). Relative whiteness of BHET increased from 40.3 ± 0.9% to 98.3 ± 1.1%. The adsorption kinetics for DR60 on the AC-HNO3 were studied using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models and fitted to the latter well ( R2 = 0.9999). To investigate the adsorption equilibrium behavior, Freundlich and Langmuir models were examined. The results showed that the Langmuir model provided better correlation ( qmax = 163.9 mg/g). The adsorption isotherms at different temperatures were used for the determination of thermodynamic parameters. Based on the data of Δ G0 , Δ H0 and Ea, the adsorption process was physisorption.

Hydrophilic Finishing of PET Fabrics by Applying Chitosan and the Periodate Oxidized β-cyclodextrin for Wash Resistance Improvement

β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was oxidized by sodium periodate to yield a mixture of dialdehyde oligosaccharides. The periodate-oxidized β-CD (O-β-CD) together with chitosan (CTS) was firstly used to finish poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics by immersion-padding method, in which O-β-CD acted as a hydrophilic finishing agent plus a cross-linker. The processes including the periodate oxidization of β-CD and the CTS/O-β-CD hydrophilic finishing of PET fabrics were eco-friendly. The results from the hydroxylamine hydrochloride titration showed that the aldehyde content in O-β-CD was 3.0 mmol/g. With increasing the CTS/O-β-CD mass ratio, the finished fabric had better hydrophilic properties. When the CTS/O-β-CD mass ratio was 1:1, the moisture regain and water drops wetting time of the finished fabric reached 1.85 % and 5.06 s, respectively. They became 1.50 % and 5.70 s, respectively after 25 times of laundering cycle. The occurrence of cross-linking between O-β-CD and CTS was confirmed by the gel test and FT-IR characterization. The cross-linking network deposited on the fiber surface brought on excellent wash resistance of the CTS/O-β-CD finished PET fabrics.

Surface modification of highly hydrophobic polyester fabric coated with octadecylamine-functionalized graphene nanosheets.

This study focuses on the design of highly hydrophobic polyester fabrics (PET) coated with organophilic graphene nanosheets (G-ODA) through a simple, cost-effective and scalable coating method. The organophilic graphene oxide was successfully synthesized by covalently grafting a long chain fatty amine on its surface and was fully characterized by various physicochemical techniques. G-ODA was coated at different loadings onto the PET fabric ranging from 1 to 7 wt% to produce uniformly dispersed PET@G-ODA fabrics with multifunctional performances. FTIR has confirmed the formation of strong interfacial interaction between the PET and G-ODA functional groups. Moreover, the produced PET@G-ODA fabrics resulted in achieving enhanced thermal stability as well as excellent water repellency compared to the pristine PET. Water contact angle measurements showed a tremendous enhancement of surface hydrophobicity up to 148° with 7 wt% loading of G-ODA. Tensile strength tests revealed that our fabric exhibited excellent mechanical properties compared to neat PET. In addition, the designed PET@G-ODA fabrics demonstrated excellent oil/water separation efficiency for different oil/water mixtures. The obtained results are very promising in terms of designing and producing functional PET fabrics with improved thermal and surface proprieties.

Simple Preparation and Decoloration Ability of Immobilized Soybean Peroxidase PET Fabric

Simple Preparation and Decoloration Ability of Immobilized Soybean Peroxidase PET Fabric

A facile approach to achieve multifunctional polyethylene terephthalate fabrics with durable superhydrophobicity, photocatalysis and self-quenched flame retardance

Multifunctional PET fabrics were fabricated through combing layer-by-layer and spray coating methods.

Decoloration Reaction of Orange I with Soybean Peroxidase Immobilized on Metal Ion-Treated PET Fabric

Decoloration Reaction of Orange I with Soybean Peroxidase Immobilized on Metal Ion-Treated PET Fabric

Conductive textiles prepared by spray coating of water-based graphene dispersions.

In the development of embedding devices on textiles like sensors and detectors the controlled formation of a conductive coating remains a critical point. Although there are several approaches for imparting conductivity to any textile, the challenges remain in balancing the practical aspects of the coating procedure that affect the conductivity with the associated mechanical properties of the textile along with a feasible economic viability of the process. In this research we developed an approach to deposit uniform conductive graphene surface coatings on polyester (PET) fabric using graphene oxide (GO) particles. Instead of using pre-reduced graphene oxide (rGO), an approach of coating an aqueous dispersion of hydrophilic GO particles was adopted. Stable aqueous dispersions of GO were formulated, and the dispersion properties were characterized using DLS and zeta potential before coating them onto the PET textiles. This approach not only helped in developing an aqueous coating technique but also helped in avoiding the need of any organic solvents which might have been required for coating hydrophobic rGO moieties onto the textile substrates. The uniformity of the coating was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Later, the GO coated textiles were reduced via thermal and chemical approaches and their effects on the conductive and mechanical properties of the fabric were assessed and compared. The reduction efficacy was analyzed and compared using XPS. The conductivity and water adsorption properties were correlated to the uniformity and retainment of rGO on the surface of the conductive textiles.

Photocatalytic TiO2 Embedded on PET-g-PAAc Fabric by Sono-gamma Irradiation Technique

Fabrication of photocatalytic TiO2 particles onto PET-g-PAAc fabric has been succeeded by ultrasonic-gamma irradiation methods. Ultrasonic irradiation assisted for good distribution of TiO2 particles onto the surface of PET fabric in a uniform manner at ambient conditions. The product modify PET fabric was characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) confirmed the grafting of COOH groups onto PET fabric. SEM images revealed a good dispersed and adherent obtained TiO2 particle onto PET fabric. Results obtained from X-ray diffraction indicating TiO2 (Degussa P25) in the anatase and rutile phases. The degradation process of three different dyes remazol red, amido black and toluidine blue from aqueous solutions by TiO2@PET-g-PAAc was investigated using modified photo reactor. It was found that decoluorization of toluidine blue was 99 % after 60 min. The reused of TiO2@PET-g-PAAc showed that the activity of TiO2@PET-g-PAAc for degradation still remained good which conclude that PET fabric makes TiO2 easily recovered, which overcomes the disadvantage of separation difficulty of common catalyst after or through degradation processing.

A water-rich system of constructing durable and fluorine-free superhydrophobic surfaces for oil/water separation

Despite the existing efforts, developing a versatile and less-harmful method is of difficulty for the preparation of durable superhydrophobic surfaces. Herein, a mild and water-rich approach is proposed to obtain fluorine-free robust superhydrophobic materials, which is prepared using composite solutions of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) to reduce the usage of organic solvents. With the optimized PDMS solution/TiO2 aqueous sol mass ratio (2:8), the coated cotton fabric possessed a water contact angle (WCA) of 156.9° and a shedding angle of 6.8°. The resulting superhydrophobic cotton fabric (SCF) also performed well under various harsh conditions. Furthermore, the SCF not only exhibited excellent anti-staining ability, but also could degrade organic pollutant under UV irradiation owing to its photocatalytic activity. More importantly, the SCF could be used repeatedly for oil-water separation and water purification without significant loss in its superhydrophobicity, which provide the prospect of employing in the field of environmental protection. The composite coating can be utilized on different substrates including PET fabric, non-woven fabric and sponge to impart superhydrophobicity to their surfaces. Overall, our work provides a facile, timesaving and less-harmful approach for fabricating multifunctional superhydrophobic fabrics, which have significant advantages in self-cleaning, outdoors and water treatment application.

Tuning the Density of Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes on PET Fabrics by Aminolysis: Effect on Antifouling Performances.

Here, we synthesize zwitterionic polymer brushes on polyester fabrics by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) after a prefunctionalization step involving an aminolysis reaction with ethylenediamine. Aminolysis is an easy method to achieve homogeneous distributions of functional groups on polyester fibers (PET) fabrics. Varying the polymerization time and the prefunctionalization conditions of the reaction, it is possible to tune the amount of water retained over the surface and study its effect on protein adhesion. This study revealed that the polymerization time plays a major role in preventing protein adhesion on the PET surface.

Facile fabrication of durable superamphiphobic PET fabrics

Superamphiphobic coatings/materials are important for a wide variety of applications, but the majority of these coatings/materials still suffer from poor durability. Therefore, multifunctional superamphiphobic coatings/materials with strong mechanical and chemical stability are highly desired. Herein, a simple and flexible approach to produce multifunctional superamphiphobic poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) textiles was reported. First, dual micro/nanostructures on the PET fabric surface are constructed by hydrolysis of trimethoxymethylsilane, N-octyltriethoxysilane, and trimethylchlorosilane, and further modified by 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane and poly(vinylidene fluoride). The as-obtained superamphiphobic PET fabrics show high liquid repellency to water, oil, organic liquids, and strong acid or alkali solutions, exhibiting a water contact angle (WCA) of 161° and an oil contact angle (OCA) of 156°. Meanwhile, the superamphiphobic PET fabrics show strong abrasion resistance; even after 180-cm consistent abrasion, the WCA still maintains 148° and the OCA maintains 140°. Importantly, the fabrics maintain their excellent superamphiphobic property after long-term UV irradiation or ultrasonic treatment, respectively. Because the prepared fabrics have multifunctional features and are easy to fabricate with low cost, they show great potential for self-cleaning, antifouling, anti-icing, drug reduction, corrosion resistance, and protective uniforms.

One-bath one-stage dyeing process of polyamide/polyester blend fabric using carbocyclic vat dyes

The dyeing behavior of selected both carbocyclic and heterocyclic vat dyes on polyamide PA and polyester PET fabrics have been examined. Factors affecting dyeability such as sodium hydrosulphite concentration, dyeing temperature and dye concentration were also studied. It was found that color strength (K/S) values of the carbocyclic vat dyes on PA and PET are high, which confirms the usefulness of these dyes for dyeing PA and PET fabrics in a neutral medium (acid leuco) at the specific temperature 120°C with very good fastness properties. However, K/S values obtained using heterocyclic vat dyes are very low compared with those obtained using carbocyclic vat dyes. The results indicate the possibility of using carbocyclic vat dyes for the one-bath and one-stage dyeing of PA/PET blend fabric with very good fastness properties.